A Chinese patient with Toriello–Carey syndrome and an interstitial deletion of 3q

Toriello–Carey syndrome (T–CS), which was first described by Toriello and Carey, is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pierre Robin sequence, unusual facial appearance, and other anomalies. Tracheal or laryngeal anomalies are reported as a common manifestation of T–CS. These anomalies can lead to respiratory distress and respiratory tract infection. The cause of T–CS is unknown, although there have been reports of patients with a clinical diagnosis of T–CS and a chromosome anomaly. We describe another such patient who was found to have an interstitial deletion of 3q (3q12.1-q21.3). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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TBCK-related intellectual disability syndrome: Case study of two patients

There is a significant level of genetic heterogeneity underlying the phenotype of nonspecific hypotonia with severe intellectual disability. Exome sequencing has proven to be a powerful tool for identifying the underlying molecular basis of such nonspecific, abnormal neurological phenotypes. Mutations in the TBCK gene have been reported associated with very poor, if any, psychomotor development, poor speech, and inability to walk independently. We describe the long-term phenotypic evolution of a severe nonspecific neurodevelopmental disorder in two siblings born to an Arab-Moslem family living in northern Israel. Exome sequencing led to identification of a novel homozygous mutation: c.1854delT in the TBCK gene. Abnormal elevated β-HCG was found in the maternal serum during the two pregnancies, a finding that has not been reported before. These individuals present with severe intellectual disability, no speech, hypotonia, convulsions, and lack of any independent daily skills. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Learning the importance of double diagnosis

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Non-Goblet Cell Glandular Structures Underneath Non-Island Squamous Epithelium in Columnar Line Esophagus on Endoscopic Tissues: Frequencies, Forms, Associations, and Epithelial and Mucinous Characteristics

2016-10-16T18-33-50Z
Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary Histopathology
Hacer Ece Arslan Ozcan.
Objective: Barretts esophagus (BE) may possess variable cell lineages, leading to different phenotypes. Unusual glandular forms are currently being considered by some authors as important structures in the development of BE. The aim of this study is to analyze the frequencies, patterns, forms, and epithelial and mucinous characteristics of non-goblet cell glandular structures residing underneath the usual non-island squamous epithelium. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic biopsy tissues and reports of 299 cases with non-dysplastic and non-cancerous histology were examined and analyzed retrospectively. The cases were grouped according to their histopathological and endoscopic diagnosis and the presence of hiatus hernia. 6-8 serial tissue sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (pH 2.5). The sections were examined under light microscope. Results: Abnormal glandular structures, which were deemed atypical for normal adult esophageal mucosa, were detected in the specimens. These abnormal patterns were grouped as esophageal glands proper and/or ducts-like (n = 141), island of ectopic gastric mucosal-like (n = 73), and dilated-hybrid glands-like (n = 114). Independent of hiatus hernia positivity, these structures were more frequent in columnar line esophagus cases than in chronic esophagitis group. Tall cell epithelium with light purple/purple-blue mucinous content was the most frequently observed type in these structures. Conclusions: Non-goblet cell glandular elements residing underneath the usual non-island esophageal squamous epithelium, whether isolated or forming a unit bearing immature properties, should be considered as metaplastic precursors and interpreted histopathologically as BE.


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Perceptions of the preparedness of medical graduates for their responsibilities as “physicians of first contact”: a pilot study

2016-10-16T12-08-15Z
Source: Journal of Contemporary Medical Education
Sajitha MF Rahman, Prince RH Christopher, Kirubah V David, Venkatesan Sankarapandian.
The objectives of the medical graduate training program are laid down by the Medical Council of India (MCI) since 1997 that was subjected to amendment till 2012. The graduate medical students are envisaged to provide first contact care inclusive of preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative aspect of medicine. However, significant gap in the clinical skills of graduate doctors in India are echoed by the team of medical education experts. This study aims to explore the perceptions of medical graduates in their preparedness towards their role as first contact clinicians and in management of common problems. Qualitative methodology was used to explore the perceptions, experiences and ideas of medical graduates during medical training, internship and tenure in a Family medicine unit. The themes emerged from the data include disappointment with the lack of opportunity for experiential learning and clinical reasoning, passiveness and perceived incompetence in clinical work and appreciation of learning opportunities in Family Medicine unit. The participants perception of lack of confidence in their role of first contact physician reflects the opportunities in the training schedule that needs further research and intervention to improve medical graduates preparedness for their role as primary care providers in India.


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E-learning in medical education: problems with research

2016-10-16T12-08-15Z
Source: Journal of Contemporary Medical Education
Kieran Walsh.
E-learning has become a widely accepted modality in medical education. However whilst there is no question but that the take-up of e-learning continues to grow, there are ongoing questions as to its effectiveness and as to whether or not it can achieve good outcomes for learners. The research has broadly shown that e-learning is no better than traditional forms of education. This suggests that there is a problem with e-learning, or with the research, or perhaps with both. In this short article I look at some of the problems with existing research into e-learning. Perhaps the foremost difficulty of conducting research into e-learning and of analysing and summarising research is the variety of forms of e-learning and the problems of defining these different forms. Another related problem for e-learning research is the pace of change of technology in this field. This pace has continued for the past twenty years and has accelerated in recent years. A third issue is the research methodologies used to evaluate e-learning. There are a variety of different methodologies described in the literature - but this very variety makes it difficult to draw overall conclusions from the research base. A fourth issue is the question of what constitutes effectiveness - as proved or disproved by research. A fifth issue is the extent to which research up to now has attempted to evaluate e-learning as an isolated learning activity: this is a problem because we know that it is an artifice. A sixth issue is the reporting of research. A seventh issue relates to the purpose of research - its implementation in routine e-learning practice. Rolling out proven e-learning methodologies requires funding and evidence that e-learning will be cost effective as well as effective. Yet there are few studies that evaluate the cost and value of e-learning.


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ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF DATURA STRAMONIUM (FLOWERS)

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
A. Rajeshkanna*, D. Prabhakaran, M. M. Senthamilselvi, N. Muruganantham, S. Solomon.
Medicinal plants cure many diseases associated with inflammation like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers of Datura stramonium. Anti-inflammatory activity of the sample was determined by HRBC membrane stabilization and Albumin denaturation methods. Anti-oxidant activity of the sample was determined by DPPH assay and ABTS method. The results of the study suggest that the sample isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.


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EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTENSIVE AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PROPERTIES OF AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MIMOSA INVISA MART EX. COLLA (FABACEAE) IN RABBIT

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
IRIE BI Jean Séverin*, ABO Kouakou Jean Claude, MEA Arsène, KAHOU BI Gohi Parfait.
Mimosa invisa Mart Ex. Colla (Fabaceae) is a plant used by the traditherapeuts in arterial hypertension treatment. The pharmacological study of an aqueous extract of this plant (Miv) on the rabbit blood pressure shows that, for varying dose of 10-1 to 30 mg/kg B.W., this extract provokes a dose-dependent hypotension. Consequently, Miv is a hypotensive substance. Moreover, the hypertension caused by adrenalin with the dose of 5.10-4 mg/kg B.W is reduced significantly (P

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INCIDENTAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION AND RELATED RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL HYDERABAD

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, Dr. Syed Fasih Ahmed Hashmi, Dr. Abdul Ghaffar Memon.
OBJECTIVE: The aim behind this study is to scientifically assess the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension and also see the associated risk factors. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted in the departments of General Medicine and Cardiology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad with duration of from 15th April 2012 - 4th November 2014. 1533 participants between the ages of 25 to 75 years either gender, who were not previously diagnosed as diabetes (T2DM) or hypertension were then evaluated for diagnosis and associated risk factors. RESULTS: A total 1533 patients were enrolled with mean and SD of age was 46.51 ± 13.77years. Most of the patients were married (71.6%) with a male predominance (53.03%). The overall incidence of T2DM and hypertension among 1533 subjects were found to have 12.98% and 23.54%, respectively. Incident diagnosis of Hypertension and T2DM was significantly associated among middle aged group (≥41 55 years), weight ≥65kg, BMI of ≥24.99, those who smoke cigarettes, and people with outdoor eating habits, p value


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EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Sapindus emarginatus Vahl FRUIT EXTRACTS

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Afzal Nazneen*, Nerella Mounika, P. Chandramohan, K. Baikuntha Prusty.
Sapindus emarginatus is important indigenous plant with lots of traditional importance belongs to family sapindaceae. It is commonly called as Soap nut tree which is found in most of the hilly regions of India. It possesses various activities such as surfactant, mild detergent, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, CNS, emetic, hair tonic, nasal insufflations. The aim of the present work is to extract chemical constituents and perform the anti-epileptic and anti convulsant activity. Phytochemical screening of the Sapindus emarginatus extracts showed the presence alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, saponins fixed oils & fats. In the present study, the results showed that the test compound significantly decreased the Ach in rats brain .Whereas the AchE level decrease in brain during epileptic seizures the results showed that the test compound significantly increased AchE in rat brain. Test compound at the doses of 300mg/kg significantly increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase on rat brain.


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CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN CANCER CELLS

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Mangala S.N, Ganga Vani. V, Keerthi.N.L, Dr. K.N. Geetha, Dr.Senthil Duraiswamy.
The present study is aimed to investigate the cytoxicity and antiproliferative activities of the 6 Indian medicinal plants namely Pavonia odorata, Gardenia latifolia, Canthium dicoccum, Limonia monophylla, Bridelia roxburghiana and Wrightia tinctoria. The above plants were extracted with methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. These various extracts were evaluated in vitro using cancer cell lines like HL-60, Calu-6 and Colo-205. MTT, wound healing and cell cycle analysis in vitro assays were performed. The results revealed that the plants Pavonia odorata and Wrightia tinctoria possessed cytotoxic activity and antiproliferating activity.


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FORMULATION AND STASTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF PEPTIDE LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dipti Desai*, Dr. Dushyant Shah.
The present work was aimed to study effect of amount of polymer, surfactant concentration and volume of organic phase on Particle size and %entrapment efficiency. The response surface methodology based on a three-level, three-variable Box - Behnken design was used to evaluate the interactive effects on dependent variables. Vasopressin loaded nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method, using mixture of PLGA and PCL, as biodegradable carrier. The study showed that Particle size and Entrapment efficiency both are greatly influenced by amount of polymer as independent factor. Surfactant concentration also contributes to reduced particle size at significant level. Though volume of organic phase showed negative attribute towards entrapment efficiency. The formulation was optimized by selecting constraints of minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency. Optimized batch of nanoparticles was characterized for various parameters. SEM confirms spherical shape of nanoparticles; showed initial burst release with prolonged drug release, followed Higuchi model indicated controlled delivery of drug that can be associated for reducing the frequency of drug administration for better patient compliance.


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LOCAL INFILTRATION TECHNIQUE IN UNILATERAL TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Ardeshna A Nishita, Bashwanth Pasupulati, Dr. Basavaraj CM, Dr. Vinay Pawar.
INTRODUCTION: The most effective treatment for osteoarthritis is TKR and THR but sizeable patient experience chronic pain causing discomfort. There has been shift in the usage of local anesthesia technique (LIA) over the general anesthesia in orthopedic surgeries mainly TKR. Pain control is important post surgery which includes opioid use, and other analgesics. LIA technique has taken increased focus due to early rehabilitation in patients with TKR and THR. METHOD: It was prospective, non-interventional and observational study. RESULTS: Outcomes were assessed with regards to the pain score and analgesic use post LIA. Patients with this technique experienced early mobilization and better pain control after surgery. There was decreased in the opioid usage and increased patient satisfaction. Break-through pain was also found to have decreased with LIA comparatively with only analgesic usage. CONCLUSION: The use of preoperative patient education as an important component in their fast-track recovery program. LIA protocol can achieve meaningful results and can be easily implemented both in tertiary care centers & community hospitals.


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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND POSSIBLE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF Citrus limonum METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Atluri Bhavana*, P. Shilpa, G. Naveen, G. Laxmi, N. Varalaxmi, T. Satyanarayana.
Plants are important for their medicinal value because they contain numerous compounds with therapeutic value. Is widely used in traditional system of medicine. Citrus limonum is screened for antimicrobial activity and antihelminthic. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of leaf extract was determined by well method. The methanolic leaf extract had showed significant antibacterial activity at 100 μg/ml on E.coli when compared to that of standard drug streptomycin. In case of antifungal activity the zone of inhibition is not seen at any concentrations of 25 μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 75μg/ml and100μg/ml of the leaf extract. The present activity also includes anthelminthic activity performed on methanolic extracts concentrations at 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml & 50 mg/ml of leaf extract Citrus limonum by using pheretima posthuma as test worms. The time paralysis and time of death were studied and the activity was compared with piperzine citrate as reference standard. Dose dependent activity was observed in the extracts. This study provides an explicit perception about the presence of portion (leaf), to which one has more number of phytochemicals. The methanolic extract of the leaf of Citrus limonum revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, volatile oils, tannins are present.


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EVALUATION OF ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIA.

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Narayanan Nikhitha, Garge Vaibhavi N, Kadam Vilasrao J..
Chick Embryo Chorio Allantoic Membrane [CAM] is an extra embryonic membrane used mainly for gas exchange and transport of calcium from the egg shells to the embryo during its development. It is used to study new blood vessel formation and its inhibition in response to tissues, cells or soluble factors such as antibodies. CAM is broadly used in oncology, biology, pharmacy and tissue regeneration research. There are 46 morphologically distinct stages of chick development beginning with a freshly laid egg and ending with a fully developed and hatched chick. These stages help provide consistency and coordination between the various areas that use the chick embryo model. It is a novel technique to facilitate the discovery and development of newer drugs, circumventing the use of animals. Due to its ease of availability, extensive vascularisation, and immuno deficient environment, it is used to study morpho functional aspects of angiogenesis process in vivo. Progress in imaging and chick culture technologies is advancing real-time visualization of dynamic biological events. Cell line studies have attained utmost importance due to advanced technologies and are used as an alternative to animal experiments. Jurkat cells derived from T Lymphocyte have been developed to provide a link between the Immunomodulatory and anti angiogenic aspect of the drug. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-angiogenetic activity of crude extract of Anogeissus latifolia using chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and cell line models. Direct drug injection and disc impregnation methods were followed for chick embryo. Sulphorhodamine B assay was followed for cell line study. Reduction in the blood vessel branching was observed in chorio allantoic membrane and reduction in cell number was observed for cell line studies indicating that the drug possess anti angiogenic activity.


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SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF POSACONAZOLE IN DOSAGE FORM AND SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Maha A. Sultan, Maha M. Abou El-Alamin, Mostafa A. Atia*, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein.
Highly sensitive, simple and economic spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of posaconazole (POS) in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma through solvent solvent extraction technique. The proposed methods are based on measuring the absorbance of the drug in methanol at 262 nm and the native fluorescence intensity in isopropanol at 378 nm after excitation at 262 nm. The absorbance concentration plot and fluorescence intensity-concentration plot were rectilinear over the range 0.612-17.500 μg/ml and 22-550 ng/ml with a lower detection limit of 0.202 μg/ml for the spectrophotometric and 7 ng/ml for the fluorimetric analysis and the mean percent recovery were found to be 100.192 and 100.002 for spectrophotometric and fluorimetric techniques respectively. Both methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good accuracy and precision with no significant difference compared with the reported HPLC method. It can be concluded that these methods can be used for determination of POS in dosage form and spiked human plasma.


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PERSPECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF LEUCAS ASPERA: AN INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Suganthi Nagarasan, M. Boominathan*.
The leaves of Leucas aspera which was belonging to the family Lamiaceae has distributed throughout the South Asia. It was used traditionally as insecticide and antipyretic. It has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. This species has some phytochemicals such as hydroxytetratriacontan-4- one, aliphatic ketones, nicotine, farnesene, thujene, and menthol. In the present study we clearly investicate the invitro activity of Leucas aspera against bacteria, fungi and oxidative stress. Our research reveals that the alcoholic extracts shows maximum inhibitory effect against various bacteria and fungi. In addition to that we proved that these extracts also has antioxidant activity.


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SYNTHESIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NEW 1, 5-BENZOTHIAZEPINES USING LANTHANUM NITRATE AS A CATALYST

2016-10-16T06-25-49Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Bushra Ahmed Kateb,, Abdulkareem Ali Hussien-, M. A. Basser*.
We applied simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of optically active1,5- benzothiazepine derivatives by reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with newly synthesized Chalcones under mild conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of Lanthanum Nitrate in short reaction time with excellent yield(75-85%). The compounds (4a-l) were tested for purity by TLC and characterized by M.P, IR and 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus gram +ve, Escherichia coli gram ve Bacillus subtilis gram +ve, Salmonella typhi gram ve, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus oryzoe, Aspergillus niger, using disc diffusion method. The compounds show the moderate to good activity against bacteria and fungui.


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Validity of rhinometry in measuring nasal patency for nasotracheal intubtion.

Related Articles

Validity of rhinometry in measuring nasal patency for nasotracheal intubtion.

J Anesth. 2016 Oct 13;

Authors: Shohara K, Goto T, Kuwahara G, Isakari Y, Moriya T, Yamamuro T

Abstract
PURPOSE: Numerous techniques have been used to reduce epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation. Rhinometry can assess nasal patency in preoperative conditions. However, the possible role of rhinometry in routine nasotracheal intubation has not been studied.
METHODS: One hundred and one patients undergoing dental and maxillofacial surgery that required general anesthesia and nasotracheal intubation were enrolled. We examined whether symmetry or any asymmetry in bilateral airflow patterns by condensation of the expiration, assessed by preoperative rhinometry on seated position, increased the incidence of epistaxis and the need for a nasogastric catheter to guide the endotracheal tube into the oropharynx. We also compared the incidence of changing the site of nasal intubation between the assessment by rhinometry and by cone-beam computed tomography analysis of nasal airspace in the inferior meatus.
RESULTS: Patients with any asymmetry in bilateral airflow patterns were 18 % (n = 18), the remaining 82 % (n = 83) had symmetric bilateral nasal cavities. Patients with any asymmetry were more likely to need a guiding nasogastric catheter than patients with symmetry (22 vs. 3.6 %, p = 0.018). The incidence of epistaxis was higher in patients with any asymmetry (39 %) than those with symmetry (16 %), but there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.055). The site of intubation was changed more frequently based on cone-beam computed tomography analysis than by rhinometry (38 vs. 11 %, p = 0.043).
CONCLUSION: Preoperative rhinometry may be a valuable objective tool to assess nasal patency for nasotracheal intubation in patients who undergo dental and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID: 27738802 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Immune thrombocytopenia and its association with lymph node tuberculosis – A dilemma!

2016-10-16T05-23-22Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Sangita Deepak Kamath, Neeraj Jain, Saurabh Pathak, Ballamudi Srinivas Rao.
Background: Although various hematologic abnormalities are known to occur with tuberculosis, association of immune mediated thrombocytopenia with tuberculosis is uncommon. Newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia in TB is rare; only 27 cases have been reported so far. Case: We report a case of axillary lymph node tuberculosis who presented with immune thrombocytopenia. An eighteen year old girl was admitted to our hospital with excessive vaginal bleed of one week duration followed by the development of petechial lesions and ecchymosis over legs, hands and mouth. She also had solitary, firm, left axillary lymphadenopathy. A diagnosis of immune mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) was made from peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination. Intravenous methylprednisolone (30mg/kg body weight) followed by oral prednisolone (1mg/kg) failed to elicit any sustained platelet response. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the left axillary lymphadenopathy done later revealed tuberculosis. After two weeks of starting anti-tuberculous therapy, the platelet count returned to normal and she was off all therapy for ITP thereby suggesting likely association between tuberculosis and immune thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: This case report illustrates the causal association between immune thrombocytopenia and tuberculosis.


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Pleural effusion in advanced liver disease

2016-10-16T05-23-22Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Cyriac Abby Philips Lovkesh Anand, Apurva Pande.
We present the case of a decompensated cirrhotic in whom localized pleural effusion was managed on the lines of tubercular effusion inadvertently, with use of catheter drainage, leading to fatal complications. Pleural effusion in advanced cirrhosis must be evaluated in a step wise manner to minimize interventional treatments.


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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MICELLAR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF COBICISTAT AND ELVITEGRAVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Pulagurtha Bhaskararao*, Gowri Sankar Dannana.
The proposed method was carried out using on an Agilent Zorbax C18 (5μm, 15cm X 4.6mm) column. The composition of Mobile phase containing 0.05 M sodium lauryl sulphate and methanol (95:5 v/v) pH adjusted to 1.84 with orthophosphoric acid, is reported for the simultaneous estimation of Cobicistat & Elvitegravir in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. Operated on isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min along with 20 μl injection volume. Quantization was achieved by HPLC-UV detection at 265 nm. The developed method is validated over a concentration range 2.45 24.55 μg/mL for Elvitigravir & 2.52 25.22 μg/mL for Cobicistat. The linearity regression coefficient values were found (r2 >0.99).The method is validated as per ICH Guidelines. the proposed developed method was found to be accurate, precisely, reproducible and specific and can be successfully applied for the quantitative estimation of elvitegravir and cobicistat pharmaceutical formulations and routine analysis in quality control part.


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A REVIEW ON MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME OF CORONAVIRUS

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Ch.Venkata Rohit Kumar*, Satyanarayana.V, J.N.Suresh Kumar.
The goal of this article is to provide with the most up to date information regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, management, imaging finding related to Middle East respiratory syndrome of corona viruse. The common symptoms are mainly cough, common cold, severe respiratory illness, fever affected seriously with the infection. The most human corona viruses are HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, bat corona viruses HKU4 and HKU5 related to the MERS-CoV. The pathogenesis of MERS-CoV shows MAPK (Mitogen activated protein kinase) & apoptosis pathways. The confirmation of diagnosis is CDC. The management of mono therapy is ribavirin, chloroquine & corticosteroids oral dosing for in vitro MERS-CoV.


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ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS: A PROFICIENT DRUG DELIVERANCE TOOL FOR ALL AGE’S PATIENTS

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Ajay Aseri*,, Pradeep Kumar,, Sandeep Bhatia,, Shiv Garg.
Oral route is most expedient, financially viable, secure route of drug administration with excellent patient compliance. Orodispersible drug delivery Systems was an progression that gain limelight in early 1970s and rule over the use of long-established oral dosage forms such as conventional tablets, syrups, capsules. These Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) are new-fangled tablets have acceptance by geriatric, bedridden , young patients particularly suffering with dysphagia, tremors problems, unconscious and paediatric patients at higher extent now days. It gets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva less than a minute and no necessitate of water to swallow. This review contribute various Desired characteristics, advantages, limitations, Biopharmaceutical consideration/ Biotransformation, Release mechanism of drug, Patients counselling, drug candidates for ODTs, formulation aspects; Fillers, Super-disintegrate (Synthetic /Natural) employed, Co-processed excipients, Taste camouflaging agents/taste modifiers, Patented technologies developed for ODTs, Commercially authorized ODTs Holders.


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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL NASAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHINITIS

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Vaishali Potnis*, Manoj Kashid, Suchita Dhamne, Nitin Mogal.
The fast rate of urbanization, has considerably elevated the prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases, especially that of allergic rhinitis (AR).More than 10-30 % of the population, world-wide, is found to be affected by AR. Conventional therapy of AR is dominated by oral dosage forms of H1 blocker anti-histaminic agents and nasal decongestants while the use of steroids is reserved only for severe and non-responsive cases. Frequent administration of these agents, the severity of their side effects, significantly contributes to poor compliance by the patients. In view of this, an in-situ gelling nasal system for combined and sustained delivery of Deslorantadine (DSL), a third generation antihistaminic and Phenylephrine hydrochloride, α1-adrenergic blocker has been designed. The mechanism employed for sustained release of APIS is based on in- situ transition of trigger sensitive polymeric solutions, into more viscous and muco-adhesive gel in the nasal passage. The sol and gel phases of the formulations were characterized for pH, viscosity, muco-adhesive strength, contents and diffusion profiles of APIs. The formulation CP4H1K1DP, based on pH sensitive carbomer, possessed superior gelling characteristics, physiologically acceptable pH range, muco-adhesive strength (5865 dynes/cm2) and prolonged diffusion (in-vitro) over 6 hrs. The key stability parameters of this formulation were unaffected during the storage over 30 days, suggesting its suitability as an alternative to the existing treatment options for AR.


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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIFIDEPINE MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET BY SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Mr. Hemant D. Patil, Mr. Sachin S. Rane, Prof. (Dr.) Rajesh Y. Chaudhari, Prof. (Dr.) Vijay R. Patil.
Nifedipine, the prototype of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists which used to treat Prinzmetal's angina, hypertension and other vascular disorders by blocking the calcium channels. In such cases, mouth dissolving dosage forms will be an effective solution for patient compliance and efficient medicine regimen. In the present research, mouth dissolving tablet of Nifedipine was made using various tabletiing aids. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight, thickness, hardness, friability with disintegration time of less than 30 seconds and drug dissolution of about 75% achieved within 30 minutes. The prepared tablets were stability tested at 40°C having 75% Relative Humidity for 3 months and were found to be stable. Prepared mouth dissolving tablets of Nifedipine 10 mg was found to be bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions.


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TIME KILL CURVE FOR EVALUATION OF RELATIVE EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS and DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Thakur Sajan Singh*, Mrs. Richa Saxena, Dr. Indu Kapur, Sai Krishna Paritala, Pravallika Rapolu, Mounica Bondalapati.
Background: A surgical site infection or SSI, is an infection of a wound developed from surgery which may affect either closed wounds or wounds that were left open to heal whereas, diabetic foot ulcers are caused by neuropathic (nerve) and vascular (blood vessel) complications of the disease. Treatment of wound site infections needs a multidimensional approach, includes the right choice of antibiotic, the cleanliness of wound site, choice of topical agent, rate of bacterial killing, plasma drug concentration(PDC) at site of infection and in diabetic cases glycemic control. Antibiotic therapy plays the most important role in management of wound site infections; the choice is made by performing culture sensitivity. The killing effect of an antimicrobial agent can be expressed as the rate of killing a fixed concentration of drug under controlled conditions. The resulting graphic depiction is known as "Time kill curve". Objectives: To determine 3log phase decrease between growth control and antibiotic serial dilutions and selecting drug of choice and also to compare 100 fold decrease between growth control and antibiotic plus add on therapy and further establishing time kill curve, by plotting CFU on Y-axis and time on X-axis. Method: Its an Observational and Comparative study carried out for 6 months, designed to study different antibiotics effect on 35 patients at different concentrations. Results: Viable colonies from those dilutions containing 5-50CFU were counted. The colony counts were multiplied with dilution factor to obtain CFU per milliliter. The results were tabulated as CFU per milliliter (y-axis) vs time (x-axis) on semi-log paper (CFU per milliliter can be converted to log10values).The antimicrobial agent concentration that showed 3log10CFU/ml fold decrease when compared with the growth control was determined. The time when the 3log10CFU/ml fold decrease occurred when compared with the growth control was determined. Conclusions: According to Time-Kill Curve we can conclude that Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid is effective on Escherichia coli, Amikacin is effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ampicillin + Ciprofloxacin is effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Ampicillin + Sulbactam is effective on Klebsiella pneumonia. Time-Kill Curve method may be employed to establish the log phase difference in killing effect by the desired groups of antibiotics and therefore the Antibiotic that shows the highest log phase difference can be the selected as drug of choice to treat the condition.


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A MASS-SPECTROMETRIC 96-WELL PLATE ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MIRABEGRON IN HUMAN PLASMA FOR THE APPLICATION IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES.

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Prashant Kale,*, Y. K. Agrawal.
A purpose was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, high throughput LC-MS/MS method for quantification of mirabegron in human plasma. Mirabegron is a selective agonist for human beta 3-adrenoceptor. The method involves solid-phase 96 well plate extraction using mirabegron-d5 as an internal standard (ISTD). Chromatographic separation was achieved on Unisol C18 3μ 100Ǻ 4.6 X 100mm column with a mobile phase consist of 0.1% ammonia solution (v/v) and methanol (40:60 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min and the total run time was 4.0 min. Detection was carried out through positive electro-spray ionization mode by multiplexing of two product ions. Finally the method was developed with the lower limit of quantification as low as 0.1 ng/ml. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and stability. All the results were within the pre defined acceptance criteria. The method is ready to use in a pharmacokinetic studies.


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STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND Boerhavia diffusa FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Thorat Rinku D, Joshi Yadhunath M*, Garge Vaibhavi N..
The present study was aimed at evaluation of pharmacodynamic interaction between Diclofenac sodium powder and Punarnava capsules containing Boerhavia diffusa extract using carrageenan induced rat paw edema for anti-inflammatory activity. Boerhavia diffusa (Nyctaginaceae) is one of the significant indigenous medicinal plants with a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity. The medicative value of this herb has been reported for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, anti-diabetic and diuretic properties. The inflammation induced with the help of carrageenan in hind paw of albino rats was measured using plethysmometer. For this activity treatment groups received disease control induced 1% Carrageenan (0.1 ml), Diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg), Boerhavia diffusa 200mg/kg and combination group Diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg) with Boerhavia diffusa (200mg/kg) .The anti-inflammatory activity is more effective in Group II Carrageenan induction with oral administration of Diclofenac sodium of 10mg/kg/i.p. compared to Group IV Carrageenan is subcutaneously induced along with the oral administration of combination of Diclofenac sodium of 10mg/kg/ip with Boerhavia diffusa of 200mg/kg/i.p.


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STUDY ON PRESCRIPTION PATTEN OF ANTIBIOTICS ON BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN A TERTARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dr. Stimson Jose, Dr. Eldho Mathew Paul, Dr. Benson Koshy, Dr. Basvanthappa SP, Dhivya Jose.
Bronchopneumonia is the inflammatory condition of the lung which mainly affects the alveoli, the microscopic air sacs. It is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present observational study aims to identify antibiotic prescription patterns and the average hospital duration of the paediatric inpatients in the department. A total of 120 inpatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The Current diagnosis, treatment chart, length of hospital stay on admission to discharge were recorded and analyzed. In this study males are more as compared to females with similar severity of illness and the maximum number of patients (45%) comes under the age group of 12-24 months. Study states that the maximum number of patients (58.33%) admitted with severe pneumonia followed by very severe and mild pneumonia. We also observed that most of the patients (42.4%) stayed in the hospital for a period of 6-8 days and majority of them was on dual drug therapy. We also found that cephalosporins are the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for the management of bronchopneumonia, mostly given by intravenous route and Prescriptions are mainly ordered in Brand names. The present study provides an overall pattern of antibiotic usage in patients admitted with bronchopneumonia.


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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN PH 7.4 PHOSPHATE BUFFER

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dr. Ayya Rajendra Prasad, Bannaravuri Thireesha.
The aim of the present work is to develop sensitive, simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of lornoxicam, an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in pH7.4 phosphate buffer. This developed method is useful for the determination of in vitro drug release fromoral controlled release dosage forms. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 614 μg ml-1with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9992. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated based on intra-day and inter-day variations. The accuracy of the method was further confirmed by standard addition procedure. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of lornoxicam in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer which is used as a dissolution medium.


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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN 0.75% W/V PVA SOLUTION

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Bannaravuri Thireesha, Dr. Ayya Rajendra Prasad.
The aim of the present work is to develop sensitive, simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of lornoxicam, an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug present in0.75% w/v PVA solution. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 618 μg ml-1with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9997. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated based on intra-day and inter-day variations. The accuracy of the method was further confirmed by standard addition procedure. This developed method is useful for the determination of un entrapped lornoxicam present in 0.75% w/v PVA solution, which is used as external phase in the preparation of micro sponges or micropartciles in quasi - emulsion solvent diffusion method.


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SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF FENOFIBRATE: A REVIEW

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Vidhi C. Murarka*, Shubham M. Pai, Purnima D. Amin.
The main objective of compiling this manuscript was to put forth the assorted methodologies applicable for augmenting the solubility and dissolution properties of one of the anti- hyperlipidemic drugs, fenofibrate (FBT). FBT is a drug of the fibrate class. It is a BCS Class 2 chemical entity having poor aqueous solubility (log P value = 5.24) and high gastro-intestinal [GI] permeability. To overcome this limitation various techniques have been introduced over the past few years viz. solid dispersions, derivatization, cyclodextrin complexation, microencapsulation, particle size reduction, self -microemulsifying drug delivery system [SMEDDS], solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs], mesoporous silica-based drug loading system, mesoporous carbon-based drug loading system, liposomes and microemulsion. This review speaks about the efficiency in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of FBT by the above listed methods as put forth by various researchers over the past few years and how methods like particle size reduction, SMEDDS and solid dispersions are efficient and industrially feasible.


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SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL TRIFLUOROMETHYL SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLO [3,4-B]PYRIDINE 6-ONE DERIVATIVES

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Kailas R. Labhade*, Madhukar N. Jachak, Shivaji R. Labhade, Avinash S.Kale, Vishwas B. Gaikwad.
A series of novel trifluoromethyl substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine -6 one derivatives have been synthesized using the catalytic amount of p-Toluene sulphonic acid in refluxing ethanol. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data elucidated the structures of the all newly synthesized compounds. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards C. albicans, F. solani, A. niger at various concentration. Results showed that majority of compounds have significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compound 4a and 4b found to have excellent antibacterial activity, while compound 4a and 4d have excellent antifungal activity.


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ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LONICERA QUINQUELOCULARIS LEAF ON WISTAR RATS

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
P. Seetaram* G. Venkataiah, Humera Naaz.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-diabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf extract in albino wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf was prepared using 97% ethanol 72 hrs by maceration and concentrated. The dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of the extract was used the study activity. The extract of 300mg/kg shown significant decreased blood glucose levels from 3h in acute study and the both doses started decreasing blood glucose level from the 1st day in sub-acute study. As for the results gained it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of lonicera quinquelocularis leaf shown the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins and also has a potent significant anti-diabetic activity in wistar rats. Further examination is required to identify, purify the individual phytochemical constituents and evaluate for the anti-diabetic activity in different models.


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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS USING ISOLATED NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Nishad Km*, B. Arul.
The present investigation was to isolate natural polymers like tamarind seed polysaccharide, followed by formulation of clarithromycin sustained release tablets. The polymer, drug and dug excipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The tablets were evaluated for in-process studies, in-vitro drug release studies in different PH solutions , kinetic and stability studies. FTIR studies shown that there is no interaction between drug and polymers. Clarithromycin is semi synthetic macrolide antibiotic used as anti bacterial agent. It is used for the treatment of H.pylori infection in peptic ulcer. The drug release from the optimized formulation was extended for 16 hours. The optimized formulation were subjected to stability studies. The study concluded that tamarind seed polysaccharide polymer is a very effective natural polymer with an advantage of its biodegradation as well as sustained release mechanism.


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DRUG USE EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Kamal Pandey, Prithvi Bikram Thakur, K. RamKumar, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. B.A Vishwanath.
AIM: To assess the Drug use evaluation of antihypertensive drugs in Tertiary Care Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug use utilization data of 200 Patients, attending inpatient department of Aster CMI Hospital for 6 month was collected from Patients Case Notes and prescriptions. This study is retrospective study. The data were analyzed to find out the demographic characteristics of the patient, number of drugs prescribed per patients, drugs which are commonly prescribed, mono therapy, combination therapy (two drug therapy, three drug therapies), route of drug administration, adherence with JNC VIII, drug treatment based on stages of hypertension, co-morbidities of patients. Patients suffering from hypertension with or without co-morbid conditions were included in the study. RESULTS: During the 6 months period of study 200 prescriptions for Hypertension were analyzed. Among 200 prescriptions most of the patients were Male (57%) while 43% were female and major age group having HTN was found to be 60-70 years (32%). Regarding co-morbidity 33.5% patients had HTN with DM. The study revealed that most of the patients were on combination of antihypertensive drugs (59%) while 41% patients received monotherapy. Mostly prescribed route of administration was oral route (96%). Among 200 prescription 24% prescriptions had drug interactions. Among 200 prescriptions 75% of prescriptions were found to be adhered with JNC VIII guidelines. CONCLUSION: 25% deviation from JNC VIII guidelines and 24% prescription had drug interaction was observed in the treatment with respect to selection of antihypertensive drugs.


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DRUG USE EVALUATION OF BRONCHODILATORS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Anjali Rajeev, Sony John Kutty, K. Ramkumar, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. B. A Viswanath.
AIM: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the use of bronchodilator drugs by analyzing the appropriateness of the prescription. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational cross-sectional study on Drug Use Evaluation of Bronchodilators at a Private Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore was conducted at a 300 bedded tertiary care hospital. Data were collected through structured data collection form and analyzed using statistical methods. RESULTS: 150 patients were examined and male were found to be 61% and females were found to be 39%. 20% were found to be alcoholics, 19% were found to be smokers. Most patients were in age group of 60-80yrs (42%). In the study population most used medication is salbutamol+ipratropium nebulisation (41%). Most co-morbidity was lower respiratory tract infection with acute exacerbation of asthma (18%). Most used drug combination is salbutamol and ipratropium bromide is 31%. Most used concomitant drug is corticosteroid is 42%. Major route of administration of drug was nebulisation 51%. 17.3% of patient was suffering from mild disease condition, 39.33% of patient was suffering from moderate disease condition, and 44% of patient was suffering from severe condition of asthma/copd. 50% of prescription had interaction among prescribed drugs while 50% of prescription free of drug interaction.61% of prescription shows adherence to the guideline and 39% of prescription does not shows adherence to guideline.CONCLUSION:39% deviation from guidelines was observed in the treatment and reported to the study department and suggestions were given.


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“A STUDY ON PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS DURING PREGNANCY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BANGALORE.”

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Anju .A .S, Peter Kandel, Dr. Praveen Kumar, K. Ramkumar, Dr. B. A Viswanath.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to access the current trend of prescribing patterns of the drugs used in the treatment of Hypertension in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months. 150 cases were collected for the study.A suitable designed data collection form was used to record all the necessary datas. The collected datas were analysed for the prescribing pattern of drugs used in pregnancy at initiation and during entire study period, reduction in pressure after the therapy, teratogenicity of the commonly prescribed drugs associated co-morbities and maternal complications.RESULTS: The category of the antihypertensives used in Gestational Hypertension and its management were Central sympatholytics, alpha+beta receptor antagonist, Calcium Channel Blocker, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Diuretics and MgSO4. The present study revealed that Methyldopa (category B) was the most frequently used drug constituting 30% followed by Labetalol 20% of the therapy. The most frequently used therapy was Single Drug Therapy constituting 66%. Double, Triple and Multi Drug Therapy were also used.CONCLUSION: Methyldopa was the commonly prescribed antihypertensives in monotherapy as well as combination for GHTN.


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CAFFEIC ACID IMPROVES MEMORY OF COLLAGENASE-INDUCED BRAIN STROKE IN RATS

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Amandeep Kaur, Nitin Bansal*.
The present study is an effort to demonstrate the role of caffeic acid in the management of Collagenase - ICV induced brain stroke in rats. Wistar rats either sex; 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups. Caffeic acid was administered daily in 3 doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg; p.o.) to rats for 28 successive days. Brain stroke was induced in rats by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of collagenase (10 μl/ml) using stereotaxic appratus. Behavioral assessment of rats was carried with the help of Elevated plus Maze and Novel objective recognition task. After behavioral evaluation, the animals were sacrificed and the brains TBARS, GSH levels, Nitrite, Catalase and protein levels were estimated. Collagenase induced stroke rats showed significant increase in transfer latency of rats in elevated plus maze studies and showed significant difference in exploration of the novel and familiar object in retention trial of rats in novel object recognition task as compared to sham rats. Collagenase treated rats showed significant decrease in brain GSH, catalase, protein levels and increase in brain TBARS and nitrite levels. Administration of caffeic acid (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg; p.o) for 28 days reduced (p


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ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TYLOPHORA PAUCIFLORA WIGHT AND ARN A MEDICINAL PLANT

2016-10-16T02-20-53Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Starlin Thangarajan,*, Saravana Prabha P.
The objective of the study is to assess antibacterial activities against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC430, Escherichia coli MTCC724, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhi MTCC735 and Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC432). Antibacterial study was carried out by disc diffusion method and MIC determination against the pathogens using crude ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Tylophora pauciflora with a zone of inhibition of 9±0.1 mm and MIC value (1 mg/mL). The present study scientifically proved that an ethanolic leaf extract of Tylophora pauciflora is the new antimicrobial agent that can be used to treat infectious diseases.


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Resistance training intensity and volume affect changes in rate of force development in resistance-trained men

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the effects of two different resistance training programs, high intensity (INT) and high volume (VOL), on changes in isometric force (FRC), rate of force development (RFD), and barbell velocity during dynamic strength testing.

Methods

Twenty-nine resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either the INT (n = 15, 3–5 RM, 3-min rest interval) or VOL (n = 14, 10–12 RM, 1-min rest interval) training group for 8 weeks. All participants completed a 2-week preparatory phase prior to randomization. Measures of barbell velocity, FRC, and RFD were performed before (PRE) and following (POST) the 8-week training program. Barbell velocity was determined during one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing of the squat (SQ) and bench press (BP) exercises. The isometric mid-thigh pull was used to assess FRC and RFD at specific time bands ranging from 0 to 30, 50, 90, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms.

Results

Analysis of covariance revealed significant (p < 0.05) group differences in peak FRC, FRC at 30–200 ms, and RFD at 50–90 ms. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in INT but not VOL in peak FRC (INT: 9.2 ± 13.8 %; VOL: −4.3 ± 10.2 %), FRC at 30–200 ms (INT: 12.5–15.8 %; VOL: −1.0 to −4.3 %), and RFD at 50 ms (INT: 78.0 ± 163 %; VOL: −4.1 ± 49.6 %) were observed. A trend (p = 0.052) was observed for RFD at 90 ms (INT: 58.5 ± 115 %; VOL: −3.5 ± 40.1 %). No group differences were observed for the observed changes in barbell velocity.

Conclusions

Results indicate that INT is more advantageous than VOL for improving FRC and RFD, while changes in barbell velocity during dynamic strength testing are similarly improved by both protocols in resistance-trained men.

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