Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Δευτέρα 30 Απριλίου 2018
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in Asymptomatic Individuals in Korea
Antimicrobial Resistance of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Species Isolated from Humans, Food-Producing Animals, and Products of Animal Origin: A Worldwide Meta-Analysis
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Molecular Epidemiology of Vancomycin–Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Clinical Specimens in the Northwest of Iran
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Preliminary Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils Alone and in Combination with Gentamicin Against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Whole Genome Sequence and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Multi-drug Resistant Environmental Staphylococcus epidermidis ST59
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major opportunistic pathogen primarily recovered from device-associated healthcare associated infections (DA-HAIs). Although S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are less virulent than Staphylococcus aureus, these bacteria are an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes and resistance-associated mobile genetic elements that can be transferred between staphylococcal species. We report a whole genome sequence of a multidrug resistant S. epidermidis (strain G6_2) representing multilocus sequence type (ST) 59 and isolated from an environmental sampling of a hotel room in London, UK. The genome of S. epidermidis G6_2 comprises of a 2408357 bp chromosome and six plasmids, with an average G+C content of 32%. The strain displayed a multi-drug resistance phenotype which was associated with carriage of 7 antibiotic resistance genes (blaZ, mecA, msrA, mphC, fosB, aacA-aphD, tetK) as well as resistance-conferring mutations in fusA and ileS. Antibiotic resistance genes were located on plasmids and chromosome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that antibiotic resistance gene composition found in G6_2 was partly preserved across the ST59 lineage.
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Assessing cross-modal target transition effects with a visual-auditory oddball
Publication date: Available online 30 April 2018
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): John E. Kiat
Prior research has shown contextual manipulations involving temporal and sequence related factors significantly moderate attention-related responses, as indexed by the P3b event-related-potential, towards infrequent (i.e., deviant) target oddball stimuli. However, significantly less research has looked at the influence of cross-modal switching on P3b responding, with the impact of target-to-target cross-modal transitions being virtually unstudied. To address this gap, this study recorded high-density (256 electrodes) EEG data from twenty-five participants as they completed a cross-modal visual-auditory oddball task. This task was comprised of unimodal visual (70% Nontargets: 30% Deviant-targets) and auditory (70% Nontargets: 30% Deviant-targets) oddballs presented in fixed alternating order (i.e., visual-auditory-visual-auditory, etc.) with participants being tasked with detecting deviant-targets in both modalities. Differences in the P3b response towards deviant-targets as a function of preceding deviant-target's presentation modality was analyzed using temporal-spatial PCA decomposition. In line with predictions, the results indicate that the ERP response to auditory deviant-targets preceded by visual deviant-targets exhibits an elevated P3b, relative to the processing of auditory deviant-targets preceded by auditory deviant-targets. However, the processing of visual deviant-targets preceded by auditory deviant-targets exhibited a reduced P3b response, relative to the P3b response towards visual deviant-targets preceded by visual deviant-targets. These findings provide the first demonstration of temporally and perceptually decoupled target-to-target cross-modal transitions moderating P3b responses on the oddball paradigm, generally providing support for the context-updating interpretation of the P3b response.
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Utilizing time-frequency amplitude and phase synchrony measure to assess feedback processing in a gambling task
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Adreanna T.M. Watts, Anne V. Tootell, Spencer T. Fix, Selin Aviyente, Edward M. Bernat
The neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the evaluation of performance feedback have been widely studied in the ERP literature over the past twenty years, but understanding has been limited by the use of traditional time-domain amplitude analytic approaches. Gambling outcome valence has been identified as an important factor modulating event-related potential (ERP) components, most notably the feedback negativity (FN). Recent work employing time-frequency analysis has shown that processes indexed by the FN are confounded in the time-domain and can be better represented as separable feedback-related processes in the theta (3–7 Hz) and delta (0–3 Hz) frequency bands. In addition to time-frequency amplitude analysis, phase synchrony measures have begun to further our understanding of performance evaluation by revealing how feedback information is processed within and between various brain regions. The current study aimed to provide an integrative assessment of time-frequency amplitude, inter-trial phase synchrony, and inter-channel phase synchrony changes following monetary feedback in a gambling task. Results revealed that time-frequency amplitude activity explained separable loss and gain processes confounded in the time-domain. Furthermore, phase synchrony measures explained unique variance above and beyond amplitude measures and demonstrated enhanced functional integration between medial prefrontal and bilateral frontal, motor, and occipital regions for loss relative to gain feedback. These findings demonstrate the utility of assessing time-frequency amplitude, inter-trial phase synchrony, and inter-channel phase synchrony together to better elucidate the neurophysiology of feedback processing.
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Back on the streets: An old paramedic's return to patient care
Last year I had the opportunity to return to practicing as a paramedic for a local ambulance service. I had spent the last several years working in a few different non-clinical positions, including EMS coordinator for a county system and online EMS education contributor. But, I had a little more time available now and thought it would be a good opportunity to return to the streets. I immediately began ...
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Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance after an episode of acute pancreatitis
Emerging evidence indicates that individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) are at an increased risk of developing metabolic derangements. While the link between general obesity and insulin resistance (IR) is well established, only a few studies have investigated the association between abdominal obesity and IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between abdominal obesity and several indices of IR in individuals after an episode of AP.
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Distribution of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and Molecular Analysis of the Coagulase Gene in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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The Role of Flies in the Maintenance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Environments
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Back on the streets: An old paramedic's return to patient care
It's important to brush up on protocols, equipment and other areas of EMS after taking some time away from the field
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Right ventriculo–arterial uncoupling and impaired contractile reserve in obese patients with unexplained exercise intolerance
Abstract
Background
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may contribute to exercise intolerance in obesity. To further define RV exercise responses, we investigated RV–arterial coupling in obesity with and without development of exercise pulmonary venous hypertension (ePVH).
Methods
RV–arterial coupling defined as RV end-systolic elastance/pulmonary artery elastance (Ees/Ea) was calculated from invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test data in 6 controls, 8 obese patients without ePVH (Obese−ePVH) and 8 obese patients with ePVH (Obese+ePVH) within a larger series. ePVH was defined as a resting pulmonary arterial wedge pressure < 15 mmHg but ≥ 20 mmHg on exercise. Exercise haemodynamics were further evaluated in 18 controls, 20 Obese−ePVH and 17 Obese+ePVH patients.
Results
Both Obese−ePVH and Obese+ePVH groups developed exercise RV–arterial uncoupling (peak Ees/Ea = 1.45 ± 0.26 vs 0.67 ± 0.18 vs 0.56 ± 0.11, p < 0.001, controls vs Obese−ePVH vs Obese+ePVH respectively) with higher peak afterload (peak Ea = 0.31 ± 0.07 vs 0.75 ± 0.32 vs 0.88 ± 0.62 mL/mmHg, p = 0.043) and similar peak contractility (peak Ees = 0.50 ± 0.16 vs 0.45 ± 0.22 vs 0.48 ± 0.17 mL/mmHg, p = 0.89). RV contractile reserve was highest in controls (ΔEes = 224 ± 80 vs 154 ± 39 vs 141 ± 34% of baseline respectively, p < 0.001). Peak Ees/Ea correlated with peak pulmonary vascular compliance (PVC, r = 0.53, p = 0.02) but not peak pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, r = − 0.20, p = 0.46). In the larger cohort, Obese+ePVH patients on exercise demonstrated higher right atrial pressure, lower cardiac output and steeper pressure-flow responses. BMI correlated with peak PVC (r = − 0.35, p = 0.04) but not with peak PVR (r = 0.24, p = 0.25).
Conclusions
Exercise RV–arterial uncoupling and reduced RV contractile reserve further characterise obesity-related exercise intolerance. RV dysfunction in obesity may develop independent of exercise LV filling pressures.
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ResQPOD ITD Overview
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ResQPOD ITD Overview
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Tracing cell-lineage histories
Tracing cell-lineage histories
Tracing cell-lineage histories, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0015-0
Three new studies in Nature and Nature Biotechnology report methods for dissecting transcriptomic cell phenotypes and lineage history simultaneously by combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with CRISPR-based lineage tracing.
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ResQPOD ITD Overview
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ResQPOD ITD Overview
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ELMOD3 , a novel causative gene, associated with human autosomal dominant nonsyndromic and progressive hearing loss
Abstract
Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder. Up to date only approximately 37 ADNSHL-causing genes have been identified. The goal of this study was to determine the causative gene in a five-generation Chinese family with ADNSHL. A Chinese family was ascertained. Simultaneously, two affected individuals and one normal hearing control from the family were analyzed by whole exome capture sequencing. To assess the functional effect of the identified variant, in-vitro studies were performed. novel missense variant, c.512A>G (p.His171Arg) in exon 8 of the ELMO domain-containing 3 (ELMOD3) gene, was identified as a causative variant in this family affected by late-onset and progressive ADNSHL. The variant was validated by Sanger sequencing and found to co-segregate with the phenotype within the pedigree and was absent in 500 ethnically matched unrelated normal hearing control subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a family with ADNSHL caused by ELMOD3 mutation. Western blots and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that p.His171Arg resulted in abnormal expression levels of ELMOD3 and abnormal subcellular localization. Furthermore, the analysis of the stability of the wild-type (WT) and mutant ELMOD3 protein shows that the decay of p.His171Arg is faster than that of the WT, suggesting a shorter halflife of the c.512A > G variant. A novel variant in the ELMOD3 gene, encoding a member of the engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) family of GTPase-activating proteins, was identified for the first time as responsible for ADNSHL.
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Prions, prionoids and protein misfolding disorders
Prions, prionoids and protein misfolding disorders
Prions, prionoids and protein misfolding disorders, Published online: 30 April 2018; doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0011-4
Parallels are increasingly being drawn between prion diseases and other aggregate-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. While prion diseases are a distinct subclass of protein misfolding disorders (PMDs), a better understanding of shared mechanisms is likely to benefit treatment of all PMDs.
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Portable X-ray fluorescence system to measure Th and U concentrations
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 189
Author(s): Marcilei A. Guazzelli da Silveira, Bruno Ribeiro Pereira, Nilberto H. Medina, Marcia A. Rizzutto
This study reports the results obtained in the analysis of waste material samples generated by the industries of phosphate fertilizers, in particular, the use of specific filters in a portable X-ray fluorescence system, a simple equipment allowing the characterization, identification and quantification of low concentrations of Th and U (ppm). The industrial byproduct is classified as a Technologically-Enhanced, Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Material - TENORM, and therefore requires monitoring for its radio-toxic activity due to the presence of radioactive thorium and uranium families. From the results obtained, it is concluded that this technique is able to determine the contents of these elements to concentrations of tens of ppm in measurements of about 300 s, and a small sample amount (∼0.1 g).
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A zebrafish model of foxe3 deficiency demonstrates lens and eye defects with dysregulation of key genes involved in cataract formation in humans
Abstract
The Forkhead box E3 (FOXE3) gene encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead/winged helix domain that is critical for development of the lens and anterior segment of the eye. Monoallelic and biallelic deleterious sequence variants in FOXE3 cause aphakia, cataracts, sclerocornea and microphthalmia in humans. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 injections to target the foxe3 transcript in zebrafish in order to create an experimental model of loss of function for this gene. Larvae that were homozygous for an indel variant, c.296_300delTGCAG, predicting p.(Val99Alafs*2), demonstrated severe eye defects, including small or absent lenses and microphthalmia. The lenses of the homozygous foxe3 indel mutants showed more intense staining with zl-1 antibody compared to control lenses, consistent with increased lens fiber cell differentiation. Whole genome transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on RNA isolated from wildtype larvae and larvae with eye defects that were putative homozygotes for the foxe3 indel variant found significant dysregulation of genes expressed in the lens and eye whose orthologues are associated with cataracts in human patients, including cryba2a, cryba1l1, mipa and hsf4. Comparative analysis of this RNA-seq data with iSyTE data identified several lens-enriched genes to be down-regulated in foxe3 indel mutants. We also noted upregulation of lgsn and crygmxl2 and downregulation of fmodb and cx43.4, genes that are expressed in the zebrafish lens, but that are not yet associated with an eye phenotype in humans. These findings demonstrate that this new zebrafish foxe3 mutant model is highly relevant to the study of the gene regulatory networks conserved in vertebrate lens and eye development.
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