Cardiac complexity and emotional dysregulation in children

Publication date: Available online 19 August 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Charlotte Fiskum, Tonje Grønning Andersen, Per M. Aslaksen, Birgit Svendsen, Magne A. Flaten, Karl Jacobsen
ObjectiveSample entropy (SampEn) gives an estimate of signal complexity in cardiac time series and can give information beyond linear heart rate variability. Lower cardiac SampEn is associated with psychopathology in adults. Emotional dysregulation is widely present in adult psychopathology and a forerunner to later mental problems in children. Therefore, this study investigated whether SampEn relates to emotional dysregulation in children.MethodsParticipants were 32 children between 9-13 years with internalizing difficulties and 25 controls. Parents filled out the "Emotional Problems" subscale in the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire and the "Lability/Negativity" scale in the Emotion Regulation Checklist. SampEn, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), normalized power of high frequency (HFnu) components of the cardiac signal and pre-ejection period (PEP) were computed at rest. The study investigated the predictive power of SampEn, RMSSD and HFnu on the measures of emotional dysregulation. It also tested whether RMSSD or PEP were related to SampEn.ResultsSampEn was a significant predictor of both measures of emotional dysregulation, while RMSSD and HFnu were not. RMSSD and PEP were both significant predictors of SampEn.ConclusionsSampEn is a potential marker of dysregulation in the underlying neurovisceral processes vital for emotion regulation, and an important complementary measure to linear cardiac indices, explaining more of the variance in emotional dysregulation than RMSSD and HFnu in this study. Lower SampEn can also be linked to both higher vagal and sympathetic activation via RMSSD and PEP.



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O201 Interhemispheric processing in hyperkinetic movement disorders

changes in interhemispheric connectivity have been recently studied in Huntington's Disease (HD), although their significance and temporal relation with clinical features are still debated. We studied interhemispheric connectivity in healthy volunteers, early HD and in patients with idiopathic dystonia.

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P225 Effect of 30, 50 and 100Hz tetha burst stimulation on healthy individuals

Continuous tetha burst stimulation (cTBS) protocol mainly consists of 3 stimulus bursts repeating every 200ms at 50Hz and It has been interpreted that cTBS had inhibitory effects on human motor cortex. On the other hand, there are some reports that 50Hz cTBS had variability within and between subjects on cortical excitability. In addition, little was known about the effect of different cTBS modalities. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of 50Hz, 30Hz and 100Hz cTBS on motor cortical excitability healthy subjects.

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P303 Transcranial direct current stimulation over parietal cortex and associative memory

Memory enhancement is one of the most challenging issues in neurorehabilitation. Memory functions are affected by different neurological conditions as well as by normal aging. Recent data suggest that it may be possible to improve performance on some of the memory tests by physiological modulation of the activity within a neural loop which plays crucial role in formation and maintenance of the associative memory and which consists of the hippocampus and the lateral parietal cortex.

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P233 Local and distant dysregulation of synchronization around interictal spikes in bects

High Density electroencephalography is the reference non-invasive technique to investigate the dynamics of neuronal networks in Benign Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes (BECTS). Analysis of local dynamic changes surrounding Interictal Epileptic Spikes (IES) might improve our knowledge of the mechanisms that propel neurons to the hypersynchronization of IES. Transient distant changes in the dynamics of neurons populations may also interact with neuronal networks involved in various functions that are impaired in BECTS patients.

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P267 Swallowing and brainstem reflexes before and after mandibular sagittal split osteotomy

To study the electrophysiological parameters of swallowing and related brainstem reflexes before and after bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in patients with mandibular dentoskeletal deformities.

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P319 Differences in adrenergic components of baroreflex response to valsalva maneuver in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and healthy subjects

To evaluate differences in recently developed, non-standard adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) indices between patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) and healthy controls (HC).

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P286 Visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials abnormalities in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease with possible nervous system involvement, regarded as unfavorable prognostic factor. Evoked potentials (EP) are electrophysiological markers of disturbed central nervous system (CNS) function, even in subclinical stage of CNS disorders. The purpose of the study was to evaluate parameters of EP in the patients with SLE with or without neuropsychiatric manifestation (NPSLE).

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P250 Simultaneous recording of cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials

To increase clinical application by reducing the testing time for recording vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), we evaluated whether a simultaneous recording of ocular and cervical VEMPs after monaural and binaural stimulation can be achieved without a loss in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

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P216 The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating patients with chronic daily headache

Headache is the most prevalent pain disorder, affecting around 66% of the global population. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left DLPFC in treating patients with primary chronic daily headaches (chronic tension type headache and chronic migraine).

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P311 The effectiveness of the complex repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in treatment of lumbosacral radiculopathy

In the modern society the low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of temporary disability with estimated life time prevalence as high as 23–80% (Pedisic et al., 2013). LBP with radiculopathy is considered as the most unfavorable prognostic risk factor for the development of chronic pain syndrome and low quality of life (Konstantinou et al., 2013). The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term efficacy of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in the treatment of lumbosacral radiculopathy.

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P295 Effects of functional electric stimulation and task specific training on gait recovery in patients with stroke: Randomized controlled trial

This work was designed to assess the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) combined with task specific training on gait recovery in stroke patients.

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P277 The effects of sex hormone fluctuations in menstrual cycle on the EEG delta response

It is clear that reproductive hormones modulate the brain activity and development in human. Studies about how the reproductive hormones fluctuations alter the brain waves during menstrual cycle are insufficient. The objective in this study to explore if reproductive hormones fluctuations in the menstrual and luteal phase of cycle alter the EEG delta response.

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P259 Object dropping in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Clinical and electrophysiological features

Some patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) complain of dropping objects. In this study, the clinical and electrophysiological features of CTS patients with (wOD) and without object dropping (w/oOD) were compared.

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P242 Dynamic time warping distance based connectivity: A new method for resting-state FMRI functional connectivity analysis

Traditionally resting-state networks are analysed with methods implying zero-lag linear dependence between brain regions, i.e. functional connectivity strength between voxel pairs is characterized by the correlation-coefficient of the two measured signal. It is known that the shape and timing of hemodynamic response function differs between brain regions and this introduces artefacts in linear measures.

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O208 Evidence by direct current stimulation (tDCS) of cerebellum involvement in pain perception and modulation in humans

cerebellum is involved in a wide number of integrative functions; its role in pain processing has been scarcely investigated. We tried to clarify this aspect using transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation (tcDCS) and studying changes in perceptive threshold (PT), pain intensity (VAS) and laser evoked potentials (LEPs) responses (N1 and N2/P2).

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P315 Simple correlation analysis reveals falsely interpreted interictal spikes correlated to artefactual sources: A simultaneous EEG–fMRI study

Simultaneous EEG–fMRI is increasingly used in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. The MR environment causes massive gradient artefacts and cardioballistic artefacts (BCG) to the recorded EEG signal, which must be corrected for, to make the reading of the EEG possible. This study aims to see, whether residual artefacts could disturb the specialist interpreting the EEG, even after apparently successful correction of the artefacts via widely accepted methods.

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P307 TMS-based cortical mapping in double-arm transplantation

The re-adaptation process that the brain exhibits as a response to the environmental modifications resulting from prolonged or sudden limb loss can be described as a part of brain plasticity. In some cases, due to neurons synaptic interaction with neighboring neurons, motor-sensory representation of a hand can be replaced. In this study, it is aimed to develop neurophysiologic approaches for identification and discovery of structural and functional, transient and permanent plastic changes in arm-transplant cases.

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P299 Motor mapping with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation: Does more stimuli increase the accuracy?

Motor mapping with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is widespread technique that is used both in the preoperative planning and as a sign of neuroplasticity changes. But there is no generally accepted mapping protocol. The aim of our study was to estimate the relation between mapping parameters accuracy and the number of stimuli.

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P291 Non-invasive detection of fast ripples in low-noise EEG recordings

Ripples (80–250Hz) and fast ripples (FR, 250–500Hz) are characterized by poor signal-to-noise ratio, which reduces their visibility in non-invasive recordings. While ripples are observed in scalp EEG, FR detection has been restricted to invasive recordings. We tested the detectability of FR in the scalp EEG of epilepsy patients, recorded with a low-noise amplifier, and quantified their specificity for the prospective epileptogenic zone (EZ).

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P281 The neurophysiological mechanisms linking stuttering and normal speech

This study examined underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of developmental stuttering – facilitation in the motor cortex during speech preparation served as analogue to the speech planning process.

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Neck inspiratory muscle activation patterns during well-controlled inspiration

Abstract

Purpose

Surprisingly, the activation characteristics of the neck inspiratory muscles as a function of key inspiratory mechanical parameters have yet to be demonstrated experimentally under well-controlled conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the muscle activation patterns of the neck inspiratory muscles by strictly controlling flow rate and lung volume.

Methods

Thirteen healthy subjects matched their inspiratory flow rate at approximately 20–100% of peak flow rate (PFR) as steady as possible during inspiration. Amplitude of surface electromyogram (EMG) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and scalene were calculated for every increase in %PFR over a duration corresponding to an increase in lung volume by 10% of forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as for every 5% increment of FVC over a point corresponding to an increase in flow rate by 20%PFR to determine the %PFR–EMG and %FVC–EMG relations, respectively.

Results

Regression analyses showed that EMGs of the neck inspiratory muscles exponentially increased with increase in %PFR and their associated variables which reflect recruitment onset when increasing flow rate increased with increasing %FVC. In %FVC–EMG relation, a linear regression analysis showed positive slope at all %PFR and positive y-intercept at 80% PFR.

Conclusions

The main new finding is that the neck inspiratory muscle activities increase with flow rate as well as lung volume. The positive y-intercept of the %FVC–EMG relation at higher %PFR indicates that the neck inspiratory muscles are always activated even when lung volume level is low, implying that SCM is not necessarily an "accessory" muscle as described in previous observations.

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Primary Care Physicians’ Role in Parental Decision to Vaccinate with HPV Vaccine: Learnings from a South Texas Hispanic Patient Population

Abstract

Hispanic populations have low HPV vaccination rates, although the vaccine is safe and efficacious. We surveyed a low-income Hispanic population to characterize knowledge gaps about the HPV vaccine and understand factors associated with the decision to vaccinate a child to determine how physicians can enhance vaccination rates. Surveys in English and Spanish were distributed to parents of children under age 18. Statistical analysis included logistic regression. Knowledge that the vaccine can prevent invasive cervical cancer most impacted intent to vaccinate. Physician recommendation to vaccinate was far more influential in a parent's decision compared to TV and other sources. Girls are more likely to receive the HPV vaccine over boys. While physician recommendation is critical, they have minimal time for education. Our results suggest that physicians should focus on the vaccine's link to cancer prevention, leaving other knowledge areas for the interdisciplinary care team.

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Acceptability of Friday Sermons as a Modality for Health Promotion and Education

Abstract

Our objective was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of using sermons for health promotion in American Muslim mosque communities by deploying a tailored sermon in two mosque communities. With input from a community advisory board and resident imams, sermons communicated four health-related themes: (i) good health is a grant from Allah, (ii) one's body is trust and must be cared for, (iii) trusting in God's plan does not preclude taking actions to care for oneself, and (iv) community members are caretakers of one another. Self-administered, post-sermon questionnaires asked attendees about the acceptability of the sermon and the sermon-giver, and to identify survey themes. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics and regression modeling to assess variance in acceptability across race/ethnicity and gender. Of the 235 respondents, the majority found the sermon content acceptable and desired to hear health-based sermons more often (72 and 67% respectively). There were no significant differences in acceptability of sermon or sermon-giver by gender or race/ethnicity. Our study demonstrates that theologically-framed health messaging is acceptable within sermons in American Muslim mosque communities. This study underscores the potential utility of mosque sermons for health education programs and for health behavior interventions in American mosques.

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Epidural patch with autologous platelet rich plasma: a novel approach

Abstract

We aimed to perform an epidural patch using platelet rich plasma (PRP), which has the potential to regenerate and heal tissues via degranulation of platelets, in a 34-year-old parturient suffering from persistent post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) after failed epidural blood patch (EBP). After her admission to our unit, we reconfirmed the clinical and radiologic diagnosis of PDPH. Cranial MRI with contrast showed diffuse pachymeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement with enlarged pituitary consistent with intracranial hypotension. Clinical and radiological improvements were observed 1 week after the epidural patch using autologous PRP. Therefore, we recommend using autologous PRP for epidural patching in patients with incomplete recovery after standard EBP as a novel successful approach.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer in a Japanese population

Abstract

Background

Accumulating evidence shows an overabundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal tumor tissues. However, the correlation between the absolute copy number of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues and colorectal cancer progression is unclear from previous reports. Therefore, we performed a study to compare the abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal tissues with clinicopathologic and molecular features of colorectal cancer.

Methods

We collected 100 colorectal cancer tissues and 72 matched normal-appearing mucosal tissues. Absolute copy numbers of F. nucleatum were measured by droplet digital PCR.

Results

The detection rates of F. nucleatum were 63.9% (46/72) in normal-appearing mucosal tissues and 75.0% (75/100) in CRC tissue samples. The median copy number of F. nucleatum was 0.4/ng DNA in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer and 1.9/ng DNA in the colorectal cancer tissues (P = 0.0031). F. nucleatum copy numbers in stage IV colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal-appearing mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer (P = 0.0016). The abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues correlated with tumor size and KRAS mutation and was significantly associated with shorter overall survival times; this trend was notable in the patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. Focusing on normal-appearing mucosa in the patients with colorectal cancer, the F. nucleatum copy number was significantly higher in the patients with stage IV rather than stages I–III.

Conclusion

These results suggest that determining F. nucleatum levels may help predict clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Further confirmatory studies using independent datasets are required to confirm our findings.

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Proton pump inhibitors as risk factor for metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis in coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diet

Abstract

Background

Recent research has shown that patients with coeliac disease (CD) are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS) and hepatic steatosis (HS) after commencing a gluten-free diet (GFD). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive factors for MS and HS in CD after 1 year of GFD.

Methods

All consecutive newly diagnosed CD patients were enrolled. We prospectively collected data about BMI; waist circumference; blood pressure; cholesterol; triglycerides, glucose and insulin blood levels; insulin resistance (through the homeostatic model assessment HOMA-IR) and treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Diagnosis of MS was made in accordance with current guidelines and HS was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The prevalence of MS and HS was re-assessed after 1 year of GFD. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for MS and HS occurrence after 1 year of GFD.

Results

Of 301 patients with newly diagnosed CD, 4.3% met criteria for diagnosis of MS and 25.9% presented with HS at the time of CD diagnosis; 99 subjects (32.8%) had long-term exposure to PPI during the study period. After 1 year, 72 (23.9%) patients had developed MS (4.3 vs 23.9%; p < 0.001, OR 6.9) and 112 (37.2%) had developed HS (25.9 vs 37.2%; p < 0.01, OR 1.69). At multivariate analysis, high BMI at diagnosis (OR 10.8; p < 0.001) and PPI exposure (OR 22.9; p < 0.001) were the only factors associated with the occurrence of MS; HOMA-IR (OR 9.7; p < 0.001) and PPI exposure (OR 9.2; p < 0.001) were the only factors associated with the occurrence of HS.

Conclusions

PPI exposure adds further risk of occurrence of MS and HS for patients with CD on GFD. The use of PPI in patients with CD on GFD should be limited to strict indications.

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Expression and characterization of the zebrafish orthologue of the human FOLR1 gene during embryogenesis

Publication date: Available online 18 August 2017
Source:Gene Expression Patterns
Author(s): RoJenia N. Jones, Stephanie A. Erhard, Mark R. Malham, Ayaz Y. Gen, Kyle Sullivan, Kenneth W. Olsen, Rodney M. Dale
It has been well established that many types of rapidly dividing normal and diseased cells require an increased amount of folate for DNA replication and repair as well as cellular metabolism. Thus one of folate's cognate receptors, Folate Receptor 1 (FOLR1) is usually up-regulated in rapidly dividing cells, including many types of cancerous tumors. Because zebrafish have become a model organism for understanding conserved vertebrate cellular pathways and human disease, there has been an increased need to identify and elucidate orthologous zebrafish genes that are central to known human maladies. The cells of all early animal embryos go through a phase of rapid division (cleavage) where particular cell cycle checkpoints are skipped until a specification event occurs directing these embryonic stem cells to their fated germ layer cell type. Interestingly, this rapid cell division that ignores cell cycle checkpoints is also observed in many cancers. Developing blastula and tumor cells both require folr1 expression to obtain folate. In this report we have identified the expression pattern of the zebrafish gene zgc:165502, located on chromosome 15. Using computational and comparative methods and molecular biology techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) during embryogenesis, we demonstrate that zgc:165502 is the zebrafish orthologue of the human FOLR1 gene. Understanding when and where FOLR1 orthologues are expressed in different biomedical model organisms such as the zebrafish will help researchers design better experiments to study the endogenous FOLR1 activity.



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