Κυριακή 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Methods for tentative determination of presence of artificial nuclides in air using NuRMS EGS air sampler and WIMP 120 gross alpha/beta counter

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 195

Author(s): Lucie Fiserova, Jiri Janda

Abstract

The determination of the presence of artificial radionuclides in the air is mainly accomplished by using gamma spectrometry analysis of filter samples. This work suggests very fast, reliable and efficient methods for tentative quantitative determination of the activity of artificial nuclides such as transuranic elements, strontium, yttrium, etc. in the air based only on the gross alpha and beta volume activity. The main aspect of these methods is to provide information about approximate results for the gross alpha and beta activity of air filters, thus it is convenient as a triage technique. Unlike gamma spectrometry, the methods are not qualitative but it allows the preliminary estimation of the presence of non-natural radionuclides. The influence of increment of the dust layer on self-absorption of alpha/beta particles was also studied. The methods are particularly suitable for screening situations where radionuclide identification is not necessary.



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Renal reactivity: Acid‐base compensation during incremental ascent to high altitude

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Whole exome sequencing resolves complex phenotype and identifies CC2D2A mutations underlying non‐syndromic rod‐cone dystrophy

Clinical Genetics, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Genetic variant in the β2‐Adrenergic receptor (Arg16Gly) influences fat free mass, muscle strength, and motor unit behavior in young men

Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Σάββατο 29 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

The molecular and phenotypic characterization of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from the guts of Apis mellifera L. derived from a Polish apiary

Abstract

This paper describes taxonomic position, phylogeny, and phenotypic properties of 14 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originating from an Apis mellifera guts. Based on the 16S rDNA and recA gene sequence analyses, 12 lactic acid bacteria were assigned to Lactobacillus kunkeei and two others were classified as Fructobacillus fructosus. Biochemically, all isolated lactic acid bacteria showed typical fructophilic features and under anaerobic conditions grew well on fructose, but poorly on glucose. Fast growth of bacteria on glucose was noted in the presence of oxygen or fructose as external electron acceptors. The residents of honeybee guts were classified as heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. From glucose, they produced almost equimolar amounts of lactic acid, acetic acid, and trace amounts of ethanol. Furthermore, they inhibited the growth of the major honeybee pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, meaning that the LAB studied may have the health-conferring properties of probiotics.



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P094 A new butyrate-releaser compound for the treatment of cow's milk allergy



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P122 A yellow child: a case report of carotenodermia



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P139 More than an ileus



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P102 Dietary treatment with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula with the probiotic L. rhamnosus GG prevents the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children with cow's milk allergy



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P147 Gluten deprivation: is this a real nutritional change for Celiac disease children?



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P131 Evaluation of the intestinal microbiota of pediatric patients in therapy with proton pump inhibitors



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P114 Diagnosing Celiac disease: a single Italian center experience



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P098 Personalized approach for the management of potential Celiac children



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P106 Adherence to the new ESPGHAN 2012 guidelines for the diagnosis of Celiac disease in Santa Maria Nuova Hospital Pediatric Unit (Reggio Emilia)



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P143 Protein tolerance in patients with in-born error of protein metabolism after liver transplantation



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P135 Risk factors for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in neurologically impaired (NI) children



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P126 Importance of biopsy for the diagnosis of seronegative Celiac disease in an adolescent with suggestive symptoms



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P118 How much Celiac disease in 2017? The experience of a pediatric gastroenterologic unit in Milan



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P110 A case of hematochezia: casual or causal association of lymphoid nodular hyperplasia and juvenile polypoid neoformation?



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P092 Observational study on transition care for young adults with inflammatory bowel disease: results and perspectives



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P096 Children with “borderline” TTG values in a screening for Coeliac disease on school population: follow-up after two years



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P100 CoMiSS: a new tool to start a cow's milk-free diet in infants



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P173 Gluten-free diet and adiposity rebound in Celiac children



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P169 Infantile feeding disorders: when even surgery is not enough. an intriguing clinical case



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P165 Early enteral nutrition versus early parenteral nutrition in critically ill children: safety and efficacy



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Bipedal gait versatility in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 125

Author(s): Naomichi Ogihara, Eishi Hirasaki, Emanuel Andrada, Reinhard Blickhan

Abstract

It was previously believed that, among primates, only humans run bipedally. However, there is now growing evidence that at least some non-human primates can not only run bipedally but can also generate a running gait with an aerial phase. Japanese macaques trained for bipedal performances have been known to exhibit remarkable bipedal locomotion capabilities, but no aerial-phase running has previously been reported. In the present study, we investigated whether Japanese macaques could run with an aerial phase by collecting bipedal gait sequences from three macaques on a level surface at self-selected speeds (n = 188). During our experiments, body kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded by a motion-capture system and two force plates installed within a wooden walkway. Our results demonstrated that macaques were able to utilize a variety of bipedal gaits including grounded running, skipping, and even running with an aerial phase. The self-selected bipedal locomotion speed of the macaques was fast, with Froude speed ranging from 0.4 to 1.3. However, based on congruity, no single trial that could be categorized as a pendulum-like walking gait was observed. The parameters describing the temporal, kinematic, and dynamic characteristics of macaque bipedal running gaits follow the patterns previously documented for other non-human primates and terrestrial birds that use running gaits, but are different from those of humans and from birds' walking gaits. The present study confirmed that when a Japanese macaque engages in bipedal locomotion, even without an aerial phase, it generally utilizes a spring-like running mechanism because the animals have a limited ability to stiffen their legs. That limitation is due to anatomical restrictions determined by the morphology and structure of the macaque musculoskeletal system. The general adoption of grounded running in macaques and other non-human primates, along with its absence in human bipedal locomotion, suggests that abandonment of compliant gait was a critical transition in the evolution of human obligatory bipedalism.



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Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: do young women have an advantage?

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Investigating Cerebral Blood Flow Control to Save the Newborn Brain

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Παρασκευή 28 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Promising Scandium Radionuclides for Nuclear Medicine: A Review on the Production and Chemistry up to In Vivo Proofs of Concept

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Promising Scandium Radionuclides for Nuclear Medicine: A Review on the Production and Chemistry up to In Vivo Proofs of Concept

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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P142 Complementary feeding in the first year of life: a survey from Italian primary care paediatricians



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P141 Annurca apple extracts in treatment of children's hypercholesterolemia: double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over randomized study



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P085 The importance of the differential diagnosis in very early onset intestinal inflammation: a case of chronic granulomatous disease



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P062 Outcome of the 2012 ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines in a large cohort of children with ulcerative colitis



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Editorial Board



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P046 Evolution in the mini-invasive treatment of the hepatic cyst from Echinococcus g. in pediatric age



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P001 A randomized controlled trial comparing six-food elimination diet vs topical steroids in inducing and maintaining remission of paediatric eosinophilic esophagitis



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P078 The role of anxiety, depression and catastrophizing in quality of life of children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study



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P002 Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in children



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P054 Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a child due to hepatitis A virus infection



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P003 Long-term maintenance therapy with the lowest effective dose of oral viscous budesonide in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis



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P070 A new therapeutic approach: top down vs step up in pediatric Crohn's disease



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P004 The current status of pediatric endoscopy in Italy: a national survey



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P042 Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a Caucasian child with UGT1A1 211 G>A heterozygous mutation



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P005 Accidental caustic ingestion: a one-year experience



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P050 Prolonged cholestatic hepatitis: an atypical presentation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection



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P006 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings are prevalent in children with rare diseases



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P058 Transient early-onset neonatal cholestasis with severe cytolysis in perinatal asphyxia: a case report



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P007 Concordance between macroscopic appearance and histologic findings of oesophageal mucosa during upper endoscopy in children: a 1-year experience from a single centre



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P066 Articular involvement in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease



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miRNA-448 inhibits cell growth by targeting BCL-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant micro (mi)RNA-448 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several human cancers. However, the function of miRNA-448 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully investigated.

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miRNA-448 inhibits cell growth by targeting BCL-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant micro (mi)RNA-448 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several human cancers. However, the function of miRNA-448 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully investigated.

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“Ask the Authors”



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Ask the Authors



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MedixSafe to exhibit at EMS World Expo Booth #547

Visit us at EMS World Expo Booth #547 to see the latest in narcotics and key security!

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Two major alternative splice variants of beta-TrCP1 interact with CENP-W with different binding preferences

Abstract

Beta-transducin repeat containing protein 1 (β-TrCP1) is a versatile F-box protein that is responsible for substrate recognition of SCFβ-TrCP1 ubiquitin ligase. In human cells, two major alternatively spliced isoforms (b and f) of β-TrCP1 were found. Recently, we identified that CENP-W interacts with the β-TrCP1 and regulates the cellular distribution of β-TrCP1. In this study, we examined whether CENP-W, a new kinetochore component, may differentially regulate the two major isoforms of human β-TrCP1 (b and f), especially in the cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of β-TrCP1. An in vivo binding assay was performed to examine whether CENP-W binds differently to the two isoforms of β-TrCP1. EGFP-conjugated β-TrCP1 isoforms were co-transfected with NLS-defective mutant CENP-W and their cellular distribution were observed using a fluorescence microscopy. Although CENP-W interacts with both b and f isoforms, it has a greater affinity for the b isoform rather than f isoform. Moreover, CENP-W effectively regulates the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of these two β-TrCP1 isoforms, but with a slight preference towards the b isoform. The Elongin C-binding motif existing in the b isoform may be involved in their specific association. CENP-W showed a higher affinity toward the β-TrCP1 b isoform, and translocated isoform b more efficiently than isoform f, which may allow a fine regulation of of β-TrCP1 in the cells.



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Neonatal abstinence syndrome: Infants falling victim to the opioid crisis

Learn how infants who were exposed to opioids present while suffering from withdrawal

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Rare loss of function variants in candidate genes and risk of colorectal cancer

Abstract

Although ~ 25% of colorectal cancer or polyp (CRC/P) cases show familial aggregation, current germline genetic testing identifies a causal genotype in the 16 major genes associated with high penetrance CRC/P in only 20% of these cases. As there are likely other genes underlying heritable CRC/P, we evaluated the association of variation at novel loci with CRC/P. We evaluated 158 a priori selected candidate genes by comparing the number of rare potentially disruptive variants (PDVs) found in 84 CRC/P cases without an identified CRC/P risk-associated variant and 2440 controls. We repeated this analysis using an additional 73 CRC/P cases. We also compared the frequency of PDVs in select genes among CRC/P cases with two publicly available data sets. We found a significant enrichment of PDVs in cases vs. controls: 20% of cases vs. 11.5% of controls with ≥ 1 PDV (OR = 1.9, p = 0.01) in the original set of cases. Among the second cohort of CRC/P cases, 18% had a PDV, significantly different from 11.5% (p = 0.02). Logistic regression, adjusting for ancestry and multiple testing, indicated association between CRC/P and PDVs in NTHL1 (p = 0.0001), BRCA2 (p = 0.01) and BRIP1 (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of PDVs at each of these genes between all 157 CRC/P cases and two publicly available data sets. These results suggest an increased presence of PDVs in CRC/P cases and support further investigation of the association of NTHL1, BRCA2 and BRIP1 variation with CRC/P.



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Corrigendum to “New adapiform primate of Old World affinities from the Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas” [J Hum Evol 61 (2011) 156–168]

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 125

Author(s): E. Christopher Kirk, Blythe A. Williams



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Editorial Board

Publication date: November 2018

Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 124

Author(s):



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Criteria wanted. Is the brain dead or alive?

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Clinical Neurophysiology

Author(s): Mark M. Stecker



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Impact of non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring on maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery: a randomized-controlled study

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the ClearSight™ system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) for reducing the incidence of hypotension compared with the traditional oscillometric blood pressure monitoring in cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.

Methods

Forty patients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (Control and ClearSight groups). All patients received spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (11.5 mg) and fentanyl (10 µg). Blood pressure was managed with the same protocol using the ClearSight™ system (ClearSight group) and oscillometric blood pressure monitoring (Control group). Furthermore, we compared the accuracy of the ClearSight™ system with the traditional oscillometric monitoring for blood pressure measurement using Bland–Altman, four-quadrant plot, and polar plot analyses.

Results

The incidence of hypotension was significantly lower in the ClearSight group from induction to delivery (45% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and to the end of surgery (50% vs. 20%, p = 0.049). Intraoperative nausea occurred more frequently in the Control group (45% vs. 10%, p = 0.012). The ClearSight™ system demonstrated acceptable accuracy with a bias of − 4.3 ± 11.7 mmHg throughout the procedure. Four-quadrant analysis revealed an excellent trending ability of the ClearSight™ system with a concordance rate of approximately 95%. In the polar plot analysis, the angular bias and concordance rate were − 13.5° ± 19.0° and 76.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The accuracy and trending ability of the ClearSight™ system for blood pressure measurement was clinically acceptable in cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, leading to reductions in maternal hypotension and nausea.



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Helicobacter pylori status and risks of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Gastroenterology

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Short‐term and midterm outcomes of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for right‐sided colon cancer

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Simultaneous laparoscopic left hemicolectomy and spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for descending colon cancer with pancreatic invasion

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Robotic surgery in pediatric urology: Current status

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Low dose administration of bleomycin leads to early alterations in lung mechanics

Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Alteration of the affective modulation of the startle reflex during antidepressant treatment

Psychophysiology, EarlyView.


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Neurocognitive mechanisms of emotion‐related impulsivity: The role of arousal

Psychophysiology, EarlyView.


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Measuring the conditioned response: A comparison of pupillometry, skin conductance, and startle electromyography

Psychophysiology, EarlyView.


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Update on the Use of Thiopurines and Methotrexate in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The increased use of biologic agents over the past two decades has led to a reappraisal of the role of the immunomodulators (thiopurines and methotrexate) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data on the use of thiopurines and methotrexate either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy with biologic agents.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have addressed the need for concomitant immunomodulatory therapy in treatment-naïve patients starting anti-TNF-α therapy, the appropriate dose of the immunomodulator in this setting, the minimum duration of combination therapy, and the possible mechanisms by which immunomodulators enhance the effectiveness of anti-TNF-α agents. Little is known about the role of immunomodulators in combination with agents belonging to other classes of biologic therapies. Recent studies have shown that methotrexate is not effective in inducing or maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Finally, several studies have broadened our understanding of the infection and malignancy risks of the immunomodulators.

Summary

Immunomodulators continue to have a place in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, with the ever-increasing list of biologic agents, properly positioning the immunomodulators within the overall therapeutic scheme is a complicated task. In order to optimize outcomes, each patient requires an individualized approach, which takes into account risks, benefits, cost, alternatives, and patient preferences.



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Πέμπτη 27 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

What goes in to organizing an EMS conference?

Our co-hosts are joined by EMS educator Joshua Ishmael, who coordinated this year's St. Elizabeth EMS Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio

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What goes in to organizing an EMS conference?

Our co-hosts are joined by EMS educator Joshua Ishmael, who coordinated this year's St. Elizabeth EMS Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio

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Comparing Genome-Wide Association Study Results from Different Measurements of an Underlying Phenotype

Increasing popularity of high-throughput phenotyping technologies, such as image-based phenotyping, offer novel ways for quantifying plant growth and morphology. These new methods can be more or less accurate and precise than traditional, manual measurements. Many large-scale phenotyping efforts are conducted to enable genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but it is unclear exactly how alternative methods of phenotyping will affect GWAS results. In this study we simulate phenotypes that are controlled by the same set of causal loci but have differing heritability, similar to two different measurements of the same morphological character. We then perform GWAS with the simulated traits and create receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from the results. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) provide a metric that allows direct comparisons of GWAS results from different simulated traits. We use this framework to evaluate the effects of heritability and the number of causative loci on the AUCs of simulated traits; we also test the differences between AUCs of traits with differing heritability. We find that both increasing the number of causative loci and decreasing the heritability reduce a trait's AUC. We also find that when two traits are controlled by a greater number of causative loci, they are more likely to have significantly different AUCs as the difference between their heritabilities increases. When simulation results are applied to measures of tassel morphology, we find no significant difference between AUCs from GWAS using manual and image-based measurements of typical maize tassel characters. This finding indicates that both measurement methods have similar ability to identify genetic associations. These results provide a framework for deciding between competing phenotyping strategies when the ultimate goal is to generate and use phenotype-genotype associations from GWAS.



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A GAL80 Collection To Inhibit GAL4 Transgenes in Drosophila Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Fruit flies recognize hundreds of ecologically relevant odors and respond appropriately to them. The complexity, redundancy and interconnectedness of the olfactory machinery complicate efforts to pinpoint the functional contributions of any component neuron or receptor to behavior. Some contributions can only be elucidated in flies that carry multiple mutations and transgenes, but the production of such flies is currently labor-intensive and time-consuming. Here, we describe a set of transgenic flies that express the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL80 in specific olfactory sensory neurons (OrX-GAL80s). The GAL80s effectively and specifically subtract the activities of GAL4-driven transgenes that impart anatomical and physiological phenotypes. OrX-GAL80s can allow researchers to efficiently activate only one or a few types of functional neurons in an otherwise nonfunctional olfactory background. Such experiments will improve our understanding of the mechanistic connections between odorant inputs and behavioral outputs at the resolution of only a few functional neurons.



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Innovations Influencing Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

We are very pleased and honored to have been asked to serve as the guest editors of this special issue, "Innovations Influencing Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation," and to be able to leverage its content with the theme of this year's American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPMR) annual assembly. This special issue is also significant as it is the last to be published under Dr Weinstein's tutelage, who as editor-in-chief, has led PM&R with editorial excellence for the past decade.

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Robotic and Sensor Technology for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Robotic and sensor-based neurologic rehabilitation for the upper limb is an established concept for motor learning and is recommended in many national guidelines. The complexity of the human hands and arms and the different activities of daily living are leading to an approach in which robotic and sensor-based devices are used in combination to fulfill the multiple requirements of this intervention. A multidisciplinary team of the Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (FDG), an Italian nonprofit foundation, which spans across the entire Italian territory with 28 rehabilitation centers, developed a strategy for the implementation of robotic rehabilitation within the FDG centers.

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The Transformation of the Rehabilitation Paradigm Across the Continuum of Care

As healthcare continues to evolve, there are changes in the delivery of care for patients with severe neurologic injuries. Although the acute hospital stay is shortening, physiatrists can play a key role in preparing patients for rehabilitation, minimizing longer-term complications and helping to determine the most appropriate paths for further treatment. Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) continue to be an important part of the care continuum for patients with severe injuries, but the role of IRFs has also evolved as patients have been admitted with increasing medical and neurologic complexity and length of stay continues to be reduced.

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New Treatment Approaches on the Horizon for Spastic Hemiparesis

This article presents 2 recent articles that propose novel interventions for treating spastic hemiparesis by changing biological infrastructure. In 18 patients with unilateral spastic arm paralysis due to chronic cerebral injury greater than 5 years' duration, Zheng et al transferred the C7 nerve from the nonparalyzed side to the side of the arm that was paralyzed. Over a follow-up period of 12 months, they found greater improvement in function and a reduction of spasticity compared to rehabilitation alone.

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Editorial Board



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Motorized Biomechatronic Upper and Lower Limb Prostheses—Clinically Relevant Outcomes

People with major limb amputations are severely impaired when it comes to activity, body structure and function, as well as participation. Demographic statistics predict a dramatic increase of this population and additional challenges with their increasing age and higher levels of amputation. Prosthetic use has been shown to have a positive impact on mobility and depression, thereby affecting the quality of life. Biomechatronic prostheses are at the forefront of prosthetic development. Actively powered designs are now regularly used for upper limb prosthetic fittings, whereas for lower limbs the clinical use of actively powered prostheses has been limited to a very low number of applications.

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Table of Contents



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Exoskeleton and End-Effector Robots for Upper and Lower Limbs Rehabilitation: Narrative Review

Recovery of upper and lower limbs function is essential to reach independence in daily activities in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS). Rehabilitation can provide a guide for motor recovery influencing the neurobiology of neuronal plasticity providing controlled, repetitive, and variable patterns. Increasing therapy dosage, intensity, number of repetition, execution of task-oriented exercises, and combining top-down and bottom-up approaches can promote plasticity and functional recovery.

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Innovations Influencing Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation



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Disclosure Page



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Planners, Faculty & Others Involved in SAE Content



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Wearable Movement Sensors for Rehabilitation: A Focused Review of Technological and Clinical Advances

Recent technologic advancements have enabled the creation of portable, low-cost, and unobtrusive sensors with tremendous potential to alter the clinical practice of rehabilitation. The application of wearable sensors to track movement has emerged as a promising paradigm to enhance the care provided to patients with neurologic or musculoskeletal conditions. These sensors enable quantification of motor behavior across disparate patient populations and emerging research shows their potential for identifying motor biomarkers, differentiating between restitution and compensation motor recovery mechanisms, remote monitoring, telerehabilitation, and robotics.

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Getting the Best Out of Advanced Rehabilitation Technology for the Lower Limbs: Minding Motor Learning Principles

Advanced technology, including gait-training devices, is increasingly being integrated into neurorehabilitation. However, to use gait-training devices to their optimal potential, it is important that they are applied in accordance with motor learning and locomotor training principles. In this article, we outline the most important principles and explain how advanced gait-training devices are best used to improve therapy outcome.

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A Review of Stem Cell Therapy for Acquired Brain Injuries and Neurodegenerative Central Nervous System Diseases

Cell-based therapies have been the subject of much discussion regarding their potential role in enhancing central nervous system function for a number of pathologic conditions. Much of the current research has been in preclinical trials, with clinical trials in the phase I or I/II stage. Nevertheless, there is considerable interest in the public about the potential regenerative role that stem cells may have in improving function for these neurologic conditions. This review will describe the different types of stem cells that are available, review their possible effects, and discuss some of the variables that investigators need to consider when designing their studies.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Poststroke Motor Recovery: Challenges and Opportunities

There has been a renewed research interest in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunctive tool for poststroke motor recovery as it has a neuro-modulatory effect on the human cortex. However, there are barriers towards its successful application in motor recovery as several scientific issues remain unresolved, including device-related issues (ie, dose-response relationship, safety and tolerability concerns, interhemispheric imbalance model, and choice of montage) and clinical trial-related issues (ie, patient selection, timing of study, and choice of outcomes).

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Is Technology for Orthostatic Hypotension Ready for Primetime?

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in the devastating loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function. After SCI, the interruption of descending sympathoexcitatory pathways disrupts supraspinal control of blood pressure (BP). A common clinical consequence of cardiovascular dysfunction after SCI is orthostatic hypotension (OH), a debilitating condition characterized by rapid profound decreases in BP when assuming an upright posture. OH can result in a diverse array of insidious and pernicious health consequences.

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Ethical Issues Surrounding a New Generation of Neuroprostheses for Patients With Spinal Cord Injuries

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant life event, one that often defines a fixed time point: life before SCI and life after it. However, the rise of new neuroprostheses may introduce a new point to this timeline, one that could be as precise as the injury itself: the restoration of volitional movement and perhaps even sensation. Neuroprostheses offer possibilities that may forever change physical and psychological experiences after SCI. Yet it is important to balance excitement about these possibilities with consideration of the ethical dimensions of the study and use of these technologies.

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Brain Computer Interfaces in Rehabilitation Medicine

One innovation currently influencing physical medicine and rehabilitation is brain–computer interface (BCI) technology. BCI systems used for motor control record neural activity associated with thoughts, perceptions, and motor intent; decode brain signals into commands for output devices; and perform the user's intended action through an output device. BCI systems used for sensory augmentation transduce environmental stimuli into neural signals interpretable by the central nervous system. Both types of systems have potential for reducing disability by facilitating a user's interaction with the environment.

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Adaptation, Artificial Intelligence, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Adaptation, cooperation, and trust are at the center of rehabilitation. Artificial intelligence and robots enhance adaptation with guidance for movement, cues for sensation, control of environment, and improved situational awareness. That said, how do we decide to trust complex technologies that might seek personal information or control dangerous equipment?

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Roundtable: Experts reflect on findings, trends from the 2018 EMS Trend Report

Our EMS expert panel identifies actions EMS leaders can take to improve clinical and operational performance, and to advance the profession

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Roundtable: Experts reflect on findings, trends from the 2018 EMS Trend Report

Our EMS expert panel identifies actions EMS leaders can take to improve clinical and operational performance, and to advance the profession

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Providers vs. Leaders: Trend report reveals divide on issues of safety, fatigue, mental health

An organization's leadership culture may explain the stark difference in opinion between providers and leaders on issues of patient and provider safety

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Solutions for EMS recruitment and retention are hiding in plain sight

Even though the race to recruit, hire, engage and retain EMS employees is as intense as ever, there are working solutions within reach for every agency

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How do providers and leaders perceive EMS?

The 2018 EMS Trend Report asks EMS field providers, as well as leaders and chiefs, about their perceptions of the state of EMS in the U.S.

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Liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma: a heavyweight therapeutic option in need of a new policy on liver graft allocation



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Gastric pyogenic granuloma arising from artificial ulcer scar created by endoscopic submucosal dissection



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Isolated diaphragmatic metastasis from resected colorectal cancer



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Liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma: a heavyweight therapeutic option in need of a new policy on liver graft allocation



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Gastric pyogenic granuloma arising from artificial ulcer scar created by endoscopic submucosal dissection



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Isolated diaphragmatic metastasis from resected colorectal cancer



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Rehabilitation of Severe Post-Malaria Neurological Syndrome

No abstract available

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Morel-Lavallee lesion of the right thigh mimicking sarcoma.

No abstract available

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Criteria wanted. Is the brain dead or alive?

Just as the physiologic activities that comprise life form a continuum, the changes during the process of dying also form a continuum. However, medicine, government, and popular culture force the binary determination as to whether a human is alive or dead. This necessitates applying a set of threshold criteria to the available clinical information. One criterion is the Uniform Determination of Brain Death Act (Anonymous 1981) used in the United States which states: "An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead.

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How do providers and leaders perceive EMS?

The 2018 EMS Trend Report asks EMS field providers, as well as leaders and chiefs, about their perceptions of the state of EMS in the U.S.

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How do providers and leaders perceive EMS?

The 2018 EMS Trend Report asks EMS field providers, as well as leaders and chiefs, about their perceptions of the state of EMS in the U.S.

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Cape and Skyfire Consulting team up to support end-to-end drone integration for public safety

REDWOOD CITY, Calif. — Cape, the leading cloud platform for drone telepresence and data management, today announced a partnership with Skyfire Consulting to provide comprehensive technology solutions and support for the safe integration of commercial drones across public safety agencies, including law enforcement, fire rescue, and emergency management services. As part of the partnership,...

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Study on the bio-function of lipA gene in Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

Lipoic acid synthase (LipA) plays a role in lipoic acid synthesis and potentially affects the levels of acetyl-CoA, the critical precursor of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Considering the potential effect of LipA on TCA cycle, whether the enzyme is involved in the growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis, the significant events in Aspergillus flavus is yet known. The study was designed to explore the role of lipA gene in A. flavus, including growth rate, conidiation, sclerotia formation, and biosynthesis of AFB1. LipA coding lipoic acid synthetase was knocked out using homologous recombination. The role of lipA gene in A. flavus morphogenesis (including colony size, conidiation, and sclerotia formation) was explored on various media, and the bio-function of lipA gene in the biosynthesis of AFB1 was analyzed by thin layer chromatography analysis. The growth was suppressed in △lipA. The formation of conidia and sclerotia was also reduced when lipA gene was deleted. Moreover, AFB1 was down-regulated in ΔlipA compared with WT controls. LipA plays a role in the development of A. flavus and AFB1 biosynthesis, contributing to the full understanding of the lipA bio-function in A. flavus.



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Suppressed descending pain modulatory and enhanced sensorimotor networks in patients with chronic low back pain

Abstract

Purpose

Although cerebral structural and functional changes were uncovered by neuroimaging in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), their associations remain to be clarified. We co-analyzed anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging data in those patients and tested whether cortical gray matter volume changes are associated with altered pain modulatory networks underlying chronification of pain.

Methods

In 16 patients with CLBP and 16 heathy controls, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging during mechanical pain stimulation on the lower back followed by anatomical imaging. We performed voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analysis from the seeds with altered gray matter volume, and examined correlations between imaging and psychophysical parameters.

Results

Patients showed decreases in gray matter volume at the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and cerebellum, and showed increases at the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortices, left fusiform gyrus, and right cerebellum compared with controls (P < 0.001). Dorsolateral prefrontal and fusiform volumes showed negative associations with affective comorbidity, whereas motor cortex volume with impaired daily activity (P < 0.05). Connectivity was decreased between the cerebellar and limbic, and increased between the bilateral sensorimotor regions (PFDR < 0.05). Higher pain intensity and unpleasantness correlated with enhanced bilateral sensorimotor and dorsolateral–medial prefrontal networks, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients showed a decreased volume of cortical center for descending pain modulation and an increased volume of sensorimotor network, in association with suppressed descending pain modulatory and cerebellum–limbic networks and enhanced sensorimotor network during pain. Such structural and functional alterations might be part of cerebral pathophysiology of CLBP.



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The role of genetic polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene in methotrexate-induced oral mucositis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

imageObjective Methotrexate (MTX) is an important drug in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MTX is cytotoxic as it impairs DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS). The association between genetic variants within the TYMS gene and MTX-induced toxicity has been studied, but results are inconsistent. We determined the role of three previously described variants within the TYMS gene and MTX-induced oral mucositis in a prospective cohort of Dutch children with ALL and performed a meta-analysis of the previous results. Materials and methods We analyzed the presence of a 28-base pair tandem repeat (rs34743033; 2R3R), a single nucleotide polymorphism present within the 28-base pair repeat on the 3R allele (rs2853542; 3RG>C) and a 6-base pair deletion (rs15126436; TTAAAG) within the TYMS gene in germline DNA of 117 pediatric patients with ALL. Oral mucositis was defined as grade≥3 according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.3.0. Data were analyzed for the individual rs34743033 (2R3R) and rs151264360 (6 bp deletion) polymorphisms, whereas rs2853542 (3RG>C) was combined with rs34743033 (2R3R) and analyzed according to predicted expression levels of TYMS: low expression (2R/2R, 2R/3RC and 3RC/3RC), median expression (2R/3RG and 3RC/3RG) and high expression (3RG/3RG). We performed a meta-analysis of the current literature on these polymorphisms in relation to oral mucositis using a fixed effects model. Results The 2R2R genotype (rs34743033) was not significantly associated with developing MTX-induced oral mucositis compared with the 2R3R/3R3R genotypes, which was confirmed in a meta-analysis [odds ratio (OR): 1.17 (0.62–2.19)]. Patients carrying the low-expression TYMS genotype (2R2R, 2R3RC, 3RC3RC) had an increased odds of developing MTX-induced oral mucositis [OR: 2.42 (0.86–6.80)], which did not reach statistical significance. The 6-bp deletion [rs151264360, OR: 0.79 (0.20–3.19)] was not associated with the development of MTX-induced oral mucositis. Conclusion The TYMS 6-bp deletion and 2R3R polymorphism were not associated with MTX-induced oral mucositis. Validation studies in prospective cohorts are necessary to assess the possible role of the low-expression TYMS genotypes in relation to MTX-induced oral mucositis.

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PharmGKB summary: oxycodone pathway, pharmacokinetics

imageNo abstract available

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Functional expression of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 alleles: a mini review

imageThe arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) nomenclature committee assigns functional phenotypes for human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) alleles in those instances in which the committee determined a consensus has been achieved in the scientific literature. In the most recent nomenclature update, the committee announced that functional phenotypes for NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 alleles were not provided owing to a lack of consensus. Phenotypic inconsistencies observed among various studies for NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 may be owing to variable allelic expression among different tissues, the limitations of the genotyping assays (which mostly relied on techniques not involving direct DNA sequencing), the differences in recombinant protein expression systems used (bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cell lines) and/or the known inherent instability of human NAT1 protein, which requires very careful handling of native and recombinant cell lysates. Three recent studies provide consistent evidence of the mechanistic basis underlying the functional phenotype of NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 as 'increased-activity' alleles. Some NAT1 variants (e.g. NAT1*14, NAT1*17, and NAT1*22) may be designated as 'decreased-activity' alleles and other NAT1 variants (e.g. NAT1*15 and NAT1*19) may be designated as 'no-activity' alleles compared with the NAT1*4 reference allele. We propose that phenotypic designations as 'rapid' and 'slow' acetylator should be discontinued for NAT1 alleles, although these designations remain very appropriate for NAT2 alleles.

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Evaluation of interleukin 23 (IL-23) as a non-invasive test of disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology

Author(s): Tarek Youssef, Shereen A. Saleh, Angie Rund, Iman Montasser, Manal Mohsen, Ola Hazem

Abstract
Background and study aims

Studies have found increased expression of IL-23 in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We hypothesized that serum interleukin-23 as a non-invasive test has a role in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis disease and correlates with the disease severity.

Patients and methods

Forty patients with biopsy proven ulcerative colitis, recruited from Ain Shams University hospitals were included. Forty healthy subjects matched in age and gender were also included in the study as a control group. Serum IL-23 level was quantified using quantitative ELISA technique (Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay).

Results

Patients with UC had higher level of interleukin 23 (234.5 ± 161 pg/mL) compared to control subjects (54.2 ± 15 pg/mL) and the level of IL-23 correlated with the disease severity. Cut off value of IL-23 at 68 pg/mL was the best to differentiate between cases and control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) revealed that the best cut off for IL-23 to detect mild cases of ulcerative colitis was at105 pg/mL, to detect moderate cases at 200 pg/mL and to detect severe cases was at 270 pg/mL with sensitivity 80% to mild cases, 60% to moderate cases and 81% to severe cases.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm the suggestion that IL-23 level measurement may be of value as a non-invasive test in the diagnosis and disease severity assessment in patients with UC.



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Site fragmentation, hominin mobility and LCT variability reflected in the early Acheulean record of the Okote Member, at Koobi Fora, Kenya

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Journal of Human Evolution

Author(s): Darya Presnyakova, David R. Braun, Nicholas J. Conard, Craig Feibel, John W.K. Harris, Cornel M. Pop, Stefan Schlager, Will Archer

Abstract

From its initial appearance at ∼1.7 Ma, the Acheulean was prevalent through a vast chronological span of hominin behavioural evolution that lasted nearly 1.5 million years. The origins and production patterns of large bifacial cutting tools ('LCTs') – the marker of the Acheulean techno-complex – and the systematic changes in this behaviour through time are gaining increasing interest in paleoanthropology. Here we provide a synthesis of early Acheulean LCT variation in a landscape context by analysing assemblages from four different quasi-contemporaneous (∼1.4 Ma) sites from the Koobi Fora Formation. We characterize this variation using both 3D geometric morphometric and descriptive approaches. The expansive lateral exposures of fluvial and lacustrine sediments, as well as the associated tephrostratigraphy of the Koobi Fora Formation provide the landscape context that enables these comparative analyses. Our study demonstrates that when multiple contemporaneous early Acheulean localities are analysed together, a broader picture of LCT variability is elucidated. Four sites at Koobi Fora appear to represent a single system of lithic economy, characterized by a discrete trajectory of changes in LCT size and shape. These sites have ranges of LCT forms which appear to represent different but overlapping stages on a single reduction trajectory. Certain sites exhibit the full reduction trajectory while others exhibit only fragments of this trajectory. Other inter-site lithic proxies further complement these patterns in LCT variability. We explore patterns of site function, mobility and hominin landscape use, all of which may be suggestive of a depth of planning in early Acheulean hominins wherein technological activities were undertaken in substantial anticipation of future needs.



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Hip2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme has a role in UV-induced G1/S arrest and re-entry

Abstract

Regulation of cell cycle arrest and re-entry triggered by DNA damage is vital for cell division and growth and is also involved in cell survival. UV radiation can generate lesions in the DNA, which results in cell cycle arrest and the induction of the DNA repair process. However, the mechanism of promoting cell cycle progression following DNA repair is elusive. The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether Hip2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme has a role in UV-induced G1/S arrest and re-entry. The phase of HEK293 cells was synchronized at the G1/S border using thymidine. The synchronously proliferating cells were exposed to UV radiation to cause DNA damage. We investigated the expression of p53, Hip2, p21, cyclin D and E proteins that are involved in the cell cycle progression. Finally, we examined changes in the phosphorylation of Hip2 after UV radiation treatment using the pIMAGO™ assay. When cells were exposed to UV radiation, expression of p53 was elevated, and the cell cycle was arrested at the G1/S boundary. In response to the increased p53 level, Hip2 became phosphorylated and activated through the inhibition of its degradation. The phosphorylated Hip2 inhibited p53, thereby suppressing the expression of p21, a downstream signal, and sequentially stimulating cyclin D and cyclin E to induce re-entry to the cell cycle. Our studies demonstrate that Hip2 works as a regulator in UV-induced cell cycle arrest and re-entry.



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The fixation-related lambda response: Effects of saccade magnitude, spatial frequency, and ocular artifact removal

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: International Journal of Psychophysiology

Author(s): Anthony J. Ries, David Slayback, Jon Touryan

Abstract

Fixation-related potentials (FRPs) enable examination of electrophysiological signatures of visual perception under naturalistic conditions, providing a neural snapshot of the fixated scene. The most prominent FRP component, commonly referred to as the lambda response, is a large deflection over occipital electrodes (O1, Oz, O2) peaking 80–100 ms post fixation, reflecting afferent input to visual cortex. The lambda response is affected by bottom-up stimulus features and the size of the preceding saccade; however, prior research has not adequately controlled for these influences in free viewing paradigms. The current experiment (N = 16, 1 female) addresses these concerns by systematically manipulating spatial frequency in a free-viewing task requiring a range of saccade sizes. Given the close temporal proximity between saccade related activity and the onset of the lambda response, we evaluate how removing independent components (IC) associated with ocular motion artifacts affects lambda response amplitude. Our results indicate that removing ocular artifact ICs based on the covariance with gaze position did not significantly affect the amplitude of this occipital potential. Moreover, the results showed that spatial frequency and saccade magnitude each produce significant effects on lambda amplitude, where amplitude decreased with increasing spatial frequency and increased as a function of saccade size for small and medium-sized saccades. The amplitude differences between spatial frequencies were maintained across all saccade magnitudes suggesting these effects are produced from distinctly different and uncorrelated mechanisms. The current results will inform future analyses of the lambda potential in natural scenes where saccade magnitudes and spatial frequencies ultimately vary.



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The risk of Parkinson’s disease in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Digestive and Liver Diseases

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Statin use and gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A large retrospective cohort study

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs

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Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbation and mortality in patients with coexistent COPD and GERD

International Journal of COPD

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Which heart rate variability index is an independent predictor of mortality in cirrhosis

Digestive and Liver Diseases

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Correlation between port‐to‐target distance and procedural difficulty in single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An observational study

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Laparoscopic decompression of a stricture of the celiac artery caused by the median arcuate ligament in a gastric cancer patient: A case of report

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Sex differences in forkhead box O3a signaling response to hindlimb unloading in rat soleus muscle

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in hindlimb unloading-induced activation of the forkhead box subfamily O3a (FoxO3a) signaling pathway in rat soleus muscle. Age-matched male and female Wistar rats were subjected to hindlimb unloading, and the soleus muscle was removed before or 1 or 7 days after unloading. Female rats showed greater percent changes in relative soleus muscle weight than males. FoxO3a phosphorylation was lower in females than in males and was associated with higher levels of protein ubiquitination 7 days after unloading. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) levels were lower in female rats and increased in males during unloading. Female rats showed slightly higher myostatin levels, which showed a non-significant decline in male rats following unloading. Thus, males and females show different responses to the FoxO3a/ubiquitin–proteasome pathway following hindlimb unloading in rat soleus muscle, which may be associated with differences in Hsp72 expression and myostatin signaling.



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Perioperative management of laparoscopic surgery in a patient with protein S deficiency complications: A case report

Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.


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Cardiorespiratory fitness is impaired and predicts mid‐term postoperative survival in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm disease

Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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TBX18 overexpression enhances pacemaker function in a rat subsidiary atrial pacemaker model of sick sinus syndrome

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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The effect of steroid treatment on weight in nonambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.


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The Correlation of Visfatin and Its Gene Polymorphism with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Τετάρτη 26 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Hemodynamics of tonic immobility in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) identified through Doppler ultrasonography

Abstract

American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) held inverted exhibit tonic immobility, combining unresponsiveness with flaccid paralysis. We hypothesize that inverting the alligator causes a gravitationally promoted increase in right aortic blood flowing through the foramen of Panizza, with a concurrent decrease in blood flow through the primary carotid, and thereby of cerebral perfusion. Inverting the alligator results in displacement of the liver, post-pulmonary septum, and the heart. EKG analysis revealed a significant decrease in heart rate following inversion; this decrease was maintained for approximately 45 s after inversion which is in general agreement with the total duration of tonic immobility in alligators (49 s). Doppler ultrasonography revealed that following inversion of the alligator, there was a reversal in direction of blood flow through the foramen of Panizza, and this blood flow had a significant increase in velocity (compared to the foraminal flow in the prone alligator). There was an associated significant decrease in the velocity of blood flow through the primary carotid artery once the alligator was held in the supine position. Tonic immobility in the alligator appears to be a form of vasovagal syncope which arises, in part, from the unique features of the crocodilian heart.



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The Correlation of Visfatin and Its Gene Polymorphism with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Emergence of CMY-2-Producing Salmonella Heidelberg Associated with IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Poultry in Brazil

Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.


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Genetic Diversity and Prevalence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran

Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.


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Colistin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical_Isolates: Algeria

Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.


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Discovery of Anthocyanin Acyltransferase1 (AAT1) in Maize Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)

The reduced acylation phenotype describes the inability of certain accessions of maize (Zea mays [L.]) to produce significant amounts of acylated anthocyanins, which are typically the most abundant pigments. Acylated anthocyanins are important for their association with stability and are therefore important for the various industries using anthocyanins as natural colorants to replace synthetic dyes. Many anthocyanin acyltransferases have been characterized in other species; however, no anthocyanin acyltransferases have been characterized in maize. Therefore, a mapping population was developed from a cross between mutant stock 707G and wild-type acylation line B73 to identify the locus associated with the reduced acylation trait. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assay the pigment content and composition of 129 F2 lines generated in the mapping population. Recessive alleles of Colorless1, Colored1, and the reduced acylation mutant all decreased anthocyanin content while Intensifier1 increased anthocyanin content in aleurone tissue. The association of increased proportions of acylation with increased anthocyanin content indicates acylation may be important for increasing the stability of anthocyanins in vivo. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to create SNP markers to map the reduced acylation locus. In the QTL analysis, a segment of Chromosome 1 containing transferase family protein GRMZM2G387394 was found to be significant. A UniformMu Mu transposon knockout of GRMZM2G387394 demonstrated this gene has anthocyanidin malonyltransferase activity and will therefore be named Anthocyanin Acyltransferase1 (AAT1). AAT1 is the first anthocyanin acyltransferase characterized in a monocot species and will increase our knowledge of all acyltransferase family members.



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Sensor-based postural feedback is more effective than conventional feedback to improve lumbopelvic movement control in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial

Improving movement control can be an important treatment goal for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Although external feedback is essential when learning new movement skills, many aspects of feedback...

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EMS community donates clothing, boots and money to paramedic students in need

EMS professionals, educators rally to support and "take care of the next generation of providers"

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Efficient construction of Streptococcus anginosus mutants in strains of clinical origin

Abstract

Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is Gram-positive bacteria responsible for a number of purulent human infections such as brain and liver abscesses, which have been on the rise for last few decades. Although some virulence factors of SAG are described, they are mostly undefined and there are almost no methods for genetic manipulations of clinical SAG. Therefore, we presented various approaches to produce engineered strains of this poorly known group of streptococci. We developed a procedure of transformation characterized by transformation efficiency at the level of 104 per 1 μg DNA for certain strains. Moreover, mutagenesis for many SAG strain is possible based on the process of natural transformation. However, the usefulness of methods and their effectiveness are strain dependent.



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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP DISTURBANCE, AND DISEASE ACTIVITY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Objective: The aim of this prospective cross sectional study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including the relationships between sleep, inflammatory markers, and disease activity of pediatric patients with IBD. Methods: Pediatric IBD patients and parents were enrolled in the study. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), and the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS) surveys. Parents completed the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Disease activity for Crohn's disease (CD) was determined by the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) and the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) was used to define disease activity in UC/indeterminate colitis patients. Results: Fifty-three pediatric patients with IBD (38 CD, 12 UC and 3 Indeterminate colitis) participated in the study. The significant correlations between the CSHQ and PCDAI (p = 0.002) and the PSQI and PUCAI (p = 0.04) were found. Youth with UC and indeterminate colitis significantly reported more sleep disturbance than patients with CD, (p = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04; PSQI, PDSS, ASWS, respectively). Patients self reported significantly more sleep disturbance than was observed by parents (p 

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Chronic Acalculous Cholecystitis in Children with Biliary Symptoms: Usefulness of Hepato-Cholescintigraphy

Objectives: Chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC) increasingly is being diagnosed as a cause of recurring biliary symptoms in children, but its clinical diagnosis remains challenging. The primary objective was to evaluate the utility of hepato-cholescintigraphy in pediatric patients with suspected CAC. A secondary objective was to describe their clinical follow-up after diagnosis. Methods: Medical records of patients (aged 9–20 years) who underwent hepato-cholescintigraphy from February 2008 to January 2012 were reviewed. Patients with gallstones, and with ≤1 year of clinical follow-up, and studies without gallbladder (GB) stimulation were excluded. GB ejection fraction (GBEF) of

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Is Tube Thermosoftening Helpful for Videolaryngoscope-Guided Nasotracheal Intubation?: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Is Tube Thermosoftening Helpful for Videolaryngoscope-Guided Nasotracheal Intubation?: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Anesth Analg. 2018 Sep 24;:

Authors: Kim EM, Chung MH, Lee MH, Choi EM, Jun IJ, Yun TH, Ko YK, Kim JH, Jun JH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thermosoftening of the endotracheal tube (ETT) and telescoping the ETT into a rubber catheter have been suggested as a method for reducing epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation (NTI). However, thermosoftening technique is known to make it difficult to navigate the ETT into trachea without the use of Magill forceps during NTI. The cuff inflation technique has been suggested as an effective alternative to the use of Magill forceps to improve the oropharyngeal navigation of the ETT, irrespective of their stiffness, during direct laryngoscope-guided NTI. We evaluated whether thermosoftening of the ETT telescoped into rubber catheters has an additional benefit in reducing nasal injury. Simultaneously, we also evaluated whether thermosoftening of the ETT worsened orotracheal navigability during cuff inflation-supplemented videolaryngoscope-guided NTI.
METHODS: One hundred forty patients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether the ETT was softened by warming or not. The primary outcome was the incidence of epistaxis during NTI. The secondary outcome was nasotracheal navigability of the ETT, assessed by navigation grade and time required for insertion of ETT in each phase (from nose to oropharynx, from oropharynx to glottic inlet aided by cuff inflation if needed, and from glottic inlet to trachea).
RESULTS: The ETTs were successfully inserted through the selected nostril of all 140 patients. In the thermosoftening group, the incidence and severity of epistaxis was significantly lower (7% vs 51%; difference of 44.2%; 95% confidence interval, 29.9%-56.2%; P < .001), and the ETT passed through the nasal cavity with lower resistance (P = .001) and less time (P < .001) when compared to the control group. No difference was found in the ease of ETT insertion (navigation grade and time required) from the oropharynx to the glottic inlet (P > .99 and P = .054, respectively) and from the glottic inlet to the trachea (P > .99 and P = .750, respectively) between the 2 groups. In both groups, all ETTs could be navigated into the trachea without the use of Magill forceps.
CONCLUSIONS: Supplemented with cuff inflation during videolaryngoscope-guided NTI, thermosoftening of the ETT telescoped into rubber catheters has a substantial benefit because it significantly reduces the incidence of epistaxis without worsening the oropharyngeal navigability of the ETT.

PMID: 30252708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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EMS community donates clothing, boots and money to paramedic students in need

EMS professionals, educators rally to support and "take care of the next generation of providers"

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Acela Truck Company expands it's line of high water/flood rescue trucks

BOZEMAN, Mont. — Acela Truck Company recently announced that it has expanded its purpose-built High Water/Flood Rescue Truck line of response apparatus to include multiple new custom body configurations and larger 6x6 models of its Monterra high mobility chassis. Flooding is the leading cause of disaster or weather-related deaths in the United States and the number of coastal and inland...

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Superficial non-ampullary duodenal cancer identified by small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a case report (with video)

Abstract

Herein, we report for the first time a case of a surficial superficial non-ampullary duodenal cancer causing obscure intestinal bleeding that was identified by small-bowel capsule endoscopy and treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. A 73-year-old man underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to identify the cause of anemia. Although conventional duodenoscopy revealed a flat, elevated 5-mm lesion with a central recess and "milk-white mucosa" at the inferior duodenal angulus, capsule endoscopy revealed a white nodular 5-mm lesion with central recess at the duodenum slightly to the anal side from the major duodenal papilla. Pathohistological examination revealed a low-grade well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma growing locally in the mucosal layer. Although capsule endoscopy detected a nodular lesion, conventional endoscopy revealed a flat, elevated lesion. The cause of this difference in endoscopic findings is considered to be the degree of extension of the intestinal mucosa. In contrast, "milk-white mucosa" as a typical finding of superficial duodenal tumor in conventional endoscopy could be identified as a white mucosal color tone in capsule endoscopy. Conventional endoscopic findings of irregular surface structure in the lesion suggested malignancy. Pathohistologically, the ductal structure of the adenocarcinoma was also distorted. Unfortunately, it was difficult to suggest that the lesion was adenocarcinoma based on the endoscopic findings alone.



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Executive Director - Simsbury Vol. Ambulance Asso.

SVAA Mission: The Simsbury Volunteer Ambulance Association is a non-profit organization serving the emergency medical needs for the Town of Simsbury, CT. The Mission of SVAA is to continue to deliver the highest quality of emergency medical care to the town with a 100% response rate on first calls, while adhering to all state and local medical compliance regulations. Position Summary: The Executive ...

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Electrophysiological underpinnings of response variability in the Go/NoGo task

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: International Journal of Psychophysiology

Author(s): Diana Karamacoska, Robert J. Barry, Genevieve Z. Steiner

Abstract

Response variability has been identified as a useful predictor of executive function and performance in non-clinical samples in the Go/NoGo task. The present study explores the utility of reaction time variability (RTV) and EEG measures as predictors of Go/NoGo performance outcomes and ERP component amplitudes. Forty-four young adults had EEG recorded across eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting states, and during an auditory Go/NoGo task. The 18 individuals with the lowest/highest RTV were assessed for differences in behavioural outcomes. As expected, individuals with high RTV committed more Go/NoGo errors and had smaller Go P3b and NoGo P3a amplitudes, and greater Go Slow Wave positivity, reflecting inefficient decision-making and response control efforts underlying performance. When RTV and EEG measures were modelled as predictors of Go/NoGo responses, RTV and task-related changes in delta were identified as positive predictors of Go SW amplitude; while RTV and prestimulus delta amplitudes negatively predicted NoGo accuracy rates. Prestimulus delta was also found to solely predict Go mean RT and NoGo SW negativity; effects that were independent of RTV. As delta has been implicated in attention-related mechanisms, these findings suggest that inadequate attention and task engagement underpin the variability in Go/NoGo performance.



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The Experience Of Community Re-Entry Intervention from the Perspective of The Patient With a Stroke

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Melissa Zahl, Michelle Miller, Greg Horneber



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Index to Authors of 2018 ACRM Annual Conference Abstracts

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s):



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Established Indications and Benefits of Lower Limb Orthoses in Stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Practice Guideline

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Phillip Stevens, Thomas A. Current, Eric Weber



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Predictors of Discharge to Rehabilitation Facilities After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Sareh Zarshenas, Angela Colantonio, Seyed Mohammad Alavinia, Susan Jaglal, Nora Cullen



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Aphasia in North America: Highlights of a White Paper

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Nina Simmons-Mackie, Leora R. Cherney



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A Systematic Review of Interventions Targeting Cognition in Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Nicole T. Pacheco, Angela Colantonio, Tatyana Mollayeva



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Trends in Randomized Controlled Trials Of Technology-Based Interventions For Upper Limb Motor Recovery Post Stroke

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Andreea Cotoi, Joshua Wiener, Jeffrey T.Y. Chow, Amanda McIntyre, Nicholas Sequeira, Robert Teasell



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Effect of Non-impact Blast Exposure on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potenials - Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah, Chandan Suresh, Mohan Ganesan



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Analyzing Strategies for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Stroke Rehabilitation

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Lisa Juckett, Lauren Wengerd, Julie Faieta, Christine Griffin



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The Effects of Multifactorial Exercise Programs in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Kayla Hope, Mariah Osgood, Nicole K. Rhody, Kristen Karnish



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Usefulness of Kinect Sensor-Based System in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Hyuntae Kim, Kyeong Eun Uhm, Seunghwan Lee, Gregorij Kurillo, Jay J. Han, Jung-Hyun Yang, Young Bum Yoo, Jongmin Lee



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Withdrawn

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s):



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Effective Hand & Upper Extremity Treatments for Performing Artists and Musicians: Evidence Based Research

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Evan D. Collins



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Withdrawn

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s):



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A Review on the Effects of Disturbances in Scapulothoracic and Scapulohumeral Rhythms in Shoulder Biomechanics

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Guilherme Ferreira-Dos-Santos, Joana Nunes, Sérgio B. Gonçalves, Carlos Quental, Luís GG. Horta, Pedro Soares Branco, Miguel Tavares da Silva



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Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Lower Limb Motor Function Post Stroke

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Joshua Wiener, Scott Janssen, Jeffrey T.Y. Chow, Cristina Batey, Andreea Cotoi, Robert Teasell



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A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting Driving and Public Transportation Among Youth with ABI

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Sally Lindsay, Andrei Stoica



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Risk Factors for Dysphagia After a Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Jerome Iruthayarajah, Amanda McIntyre, Magdalena Mirkowski, Penny Welch-West, Eldon Loh, Robert Teasell



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A Systematic Review of Disability Disclosure & Accommodations for Youth in Post-Secondary Education & Employment

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Sally Lindsay, Elaine Cagliostro, Gabriella Carafa



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Caregiver Preparedness Training Within Inpatient Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 10

Author(s): Kasey E. Stepansky, Amit Sethi, Pamela Toto, A. Everette James, Cassandra Leighton, Roxanna Bendixen



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A pilot study on the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure on the manifestations of dysphagia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Dysphagia

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Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease: A retrospective analysis of post-treatment testing practices

Helicobacter

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A review on microelectrode recording selection of features for machine learning in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: Available online 25 September 2018

Source: Clinical Neurophysiology

Author(s): Kai Rui Wan, Tomasz Maszczyk, Angela See An Qi, Justin Dauwels, Nicolas Kon Kam King

Abstract
Objective

This study seeks to systematically review the selection of features and algorithms for machine learning and automation in deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS) for Parkinson's disease. This will assist in consolidating current knowledge and accuracy levels to allow greater understanding and research to be performed in automating this process, which could lead to improved clinical outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature review search was conducted for all studies that utilized machine learning and DBS in Parkinson's disease.

Results

Ten studies were identified from 2006 utilizing machine learning in DBS surgery for Parkinson's disease. Different combinations of both spike independent and spike dependent features have been utilized with different machine learning algorithms to attempt to delineate the STN and its surrounding structures.

Conclusion

The state-of-the-art algorithms achieve good accuracy and error rates with relatively short computing time, however, the currently achievable accuracy is not sufficiently robust enough for clinical practice. Moreover, further research is required for identifying subterritories of the STN.

Significance

This is a comprehensive summary of current machine learning algorithms that discriminate the STN and its adjacent structures for DBS surgery in Parkinson's disease.



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Should Sarcopenia Increase Priority for Transplant or Is It a Contraindication?

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to discuss the current evidence regarding the impact of sarcopenia on patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation and to determine if its presence should be considered a criterion for expedited transplantation or a contraindication for transplantation.

Recent Findings

Sarcopenia is a negative predictor of survival in patients on a waiting list and after liver transplant. The gut-liver axis and the liver-muscle axis have been explored to understand the complex pathophysiology of sarcopenia.

Summary

Sarcopenia is a frequent finding in patients with cirrhosis. The diagnosis is ideally based on cross-sectional image analysis (CT or MRI) and treatment consists of optimization of caloric and protein intake. To date, prioritizing tools for liver transplantation have not included nutrition or sarcopenia parameters. Patients with a low Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) or MELD-Na score and sarcopenia would benefit from prioritization for transplant in order to reduce time on waiting list and therefore mortality.



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Wireless 24, 48, and 96 Hour or Impedance or Oropharyngeal Prolonged pH Monitoring: Which Test, When, and Why for GERD?

Abstract

Purpose of Review

pH monitoring technologies are routinely utilized in practice to further evaluate symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). This is a review of the recent literature of the available pH monitoring technology and creates an algorithm in the diagnostic work up of a patient with GERD or LPR.

Recent Findings

The catheter-free wireless pH monitor traditionally collects data for 48 h. Recent studies have found that extending to 96 h can be helpful in patients with conflicting results on the first 2 days of the study. In addition, 96 h can allow for testing both on and off of PPI therapy. The oropharyngeal monitoring device is a newer technology that is designed to aid in the diagnoses of LPR. There are limitations with this technology as there is no universal abnormal cutoff and some studies have suggested a poor correlation between multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) and the oropharyngeal monitoring device. MII-pH has recently developed two additional parameters, the measurement of three 10-min nighttime periods and the post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index, both of which may increase accuracy of testing.

Summary

Each of these technologies can provide unique data regarding acid reflux exposure in the esophagus and oropharynx. The wireless pH monitor performed off of PPI therapy can help to establish or exclude the diagnosis of GERD. For those patients with refractory symptoms on PPI, MII-pH study can be performed while on therapy and provides data regarding the response to treatment. Oropharyngeal pH monitoring is being utilized in some practices to aid in diagnosis of LPR, but the scientific validity is controversial.



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Cellular Origins of Barrett’s Esophagus: the Search Continues

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The cellular origins of Barrett's esophagus remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the potential cellular mechanisms behind squamous to columnar metaplasia as well as the limitations of these proposed mechanisms.

Recent Findings

Several theories have been proposed, including the reprogramming of native squamous cells, repopulation from submucosal glands, contributions from circulating bone marrow-derived cells, and direct extension of gastric cells. Most recent data support an innate progenitor cell unique to the squamocolumnar junction that can expand into metaplastic glands.

Summary

Active investigation to clarify each of these potential cells of origin is being pursued, but ultimately each could contribute to the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus depending on the clinical context. Nonetheless, identifying cells of origin is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms behind Barrett's esophagus and developing strategies to better treat (and possibly prevent) this increasingly significant premalignant disease.



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Temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging findings in adolescents with anterior disk displacement compared to those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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The mediator effect of cognition on the relationship between brain lesion location and dysphagia in patients with stroke: applying a structural equation model

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Τρίτη 25 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

A Case Study of Genomic Instability in an Industrial Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JAY270/PE2 is a highly efficient biocatalyst used in the production of bioethanol from sugarcane feedstock. This strain is heterothallic and diploid, and its genome is characterized by abundant structural and nucleotide polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes. One of the reasons it is favored by many distilleries is that its cells do not normally aggregate, a trait that facilitates cell recycling during batch-fed fermentations. However, long-term propagation makes the yeast population vulnerable to the effects of genomic instability, which may trigger the appearance of undesirable phenotypes such as cellular aggregation. In pure cultures of JAY270, we identified the recurrent appearance of mutants displaying a mother-daughter cell separation defect resulting in rough colonies in agar media and fast sedimentation in liquid culture. We investigated the genetic basis of the colony morphology phenotype and found that JAY270 is heterozygous for a frameshift mutation in the ACE2 gene (ACE2/ace2-A7), which encodes a transcriptional regulator of mother-daughter cell separation. All spontaneous rough colony JAY270-derived isolates analyzed carried copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) at the region of chromosome XII where ACE2 is located (ace2-A7/ace2-A7). We specifically measured LOH rates at the ACE2 locus, and at three additional chromosomal regions in JAY270 and in a conventional homozygous diploid laboratory strain. This direct comparison showed that LOH rates at all sites were quite similar between the two strain backgrounds. In this case study of genomic instability in an industrial strain, we showed that the JAY270 genome is dynamic and that structural changes to its chromosomes can lead to new phenotypes. However, our analysis also indicated that the inherent level of genomic instability in this industrial strain is normal relative to a laboratory strain. Our work provides an important frame of reference to contextualize the interpretation of instability processes observed in the complex genomes of industrial yeast strains.



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HO Endonuclease-Initiated Recombination in Yeast Meiosis Fails To Promote Homologous Centromere Pairing and Is Not Constrained To Utilize the Dmc1 Recombinase

Crossover recombination during meiosis is accompanied by a dramatic chromosome reorganization. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the onset of meiotic recombination by the Spo11 transesterase leads to stable pairwise associations between previously unassociated homologous centromeres followed by the intimate alignment of homologous axes via synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly. However, the molecular relationship between recombination and global meiotic chromosome reorganization remains poorly understood. In budding yeast, one question is why SC assembly initiates earliest at centromere regions while the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination occur genome-wide. We targeted the site-specific HO endonuclease to various positions on S. cerevisiae's longest chromosome in order to ask whether a meiotic DSB's proximity to the centromere influences its capacity to promote homologous centromere pairing and SC assembly. We show that repair of an HO-mediated DSB does not promote homologous centromere pairing nor any extent of SC assembly in spo11 meiotic nuclei, regardless of its proximity to the centromere. DSBs induced en masse by phleomycin exposure likewise do not promote homologous centromere pairing nor robust SC assembly. Interestingly, in contrast to Spo11, HO-initiated interhomolog recombination is not affected by loss of the meiotic kinase, Mek1, and is not constrained to use the meiosis-specific Dmc1 recombinase. These results strengthen the previously proposed idea that (at least some) Spo11 DSBs may be specialized in activating mechanisms that both 1) reinforce homologous chromosome alignment via homologous centromere pairing and SC assembly, and 2) establish Dmc1 as the primary strand exchange enzyme.



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