Highlights from Gastro Update Europe – Prague, April 29–30, 2016

Publication date: Available online 17 September 2016
Source:Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Author(s): Guido N.J. Tytgat




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Follicular lymphoma of the caecum resected endoscopically

Publication date: Available online 17 September 2016
Source:Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Author(s): Yuji Eso, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Atsushi Takai
Colorectal follicular lymphomas, primary or secondary, are rare. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is useful in the diagnosis of colorectal follicular lymphoma. In addition, immunohistochemistry is essential in differentiating follicular lymphoma cells from lymphoid follicle hyperplasia based on the presence of Bcl-2 expression. We herein report a rare case of follicular lymphoma of the caecum, presenting as a small polyp that was resected endoscopically.



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Identification of a TSPY co-expression network associated with DNA hypomethylation and tumor gene expression in somatic cancers

Publication date: Available online 17 September 2016
Source:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Tatsuo Kido, Yun-Fai Chris Lau
Testis specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) is a Y-located proto-oncogene predominantly expressed in normal male germ cells and various types of germ cell tumor. Significantly, TSPY is frequently expressed in somatic cancers including liver cancer but not in adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that ectopic TSPY expression could be associated with oncogenesis in non-germ cell cancers. Various studies demonstrated that TSPY expression promotes growth and proliferation in cancer cells; however, its relationship to other oncogenic events in TSPY-positive cancers remains unknown. The present study seeks to correlate TSPY expression with other molecular features in clinical cancer samples, by analyses of RNA-Seq transcriptome and DNA methylation data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 53 genes, including oncogenic lineage protein 28 homolog B (LIN28B) gene and RNA-binding motif protein Y-linked (RBMY) gene, are identified to be consistently co-expressed with TSPY, and have been collectively designated as the TSPY co-expression network (TCN). TCN genes were simultaneously activated in subsets of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (30%) and lung adenocarcinoma (10%) regardless of pathological stage, but only minimally in other cancer types. Further analysis revealed that the DNA methylation level was globally lower in the TCN-active than TCN-silent cancers. The specific expression and methylation patterns of TCN genes suggest that they could be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management of cancers, especially those for liver and lung cancers, associated with TSPY co-expression network genes.



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Zbtb7c is a molecular ‘off’ and ‘on’ switch of Mmp gene transcription

Publication date: Available online 17 September 2016
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Bu-Nam Jeon, Jae-Hyeon Yoon, Min-Kyeong Kim, Won-Il Choi, Dong-In Koh, Benjamin Hur, Kunhong Kim, Kyung-Sup Kim, Man-Wook Hur
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases that play roles in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. The expression of MMP gene is tightly regulated and shows cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Despite their differential expression, MMP genes have AP-1 (activator protein-1) binding elements within their promoters. Interestingly, c-JUN phosphorylation by cytokine signaling decreased its interaction with NCoR, but increased its interaction with p300, resulting in activation of MMP genes transcription. Here, we found that Zbtb7c (Kr-pok) is a critical component of a transcriptional repressor complex containing c-Jun. and NCoR. c-Jun., bound at AP-1, interacts with Zbtb7c, which in turn recruits an NCoR/Hdac3 complex to repress several Mmp (−8, −10, −13, and −16) genes. The molecular interaction between c-Jun. and Zbtb7c also prevents phosphorylation of c-Jun. by p-Jnk, However, Zbtb7c phosphorylation by p-Jnk (induced by TNFα), and its (Zbtb7c) subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway, leads to c-Jun. phosphorylation by p-Jnk. Promoter-bound p-c-Jun. then recruits the coactivator p300 to upregulate Mmp gene. Overall, these findings show that Zbtb7c is a key molecule that recruits an NCoR/Hdac3 complex to inhibit phosphorylation of c-Jun., and thereby repress Mmp gene expression.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2016
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 99





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'Heroic' paramedics aid wounded Texas officers during shooting

By Azia Branson and Lee Williams
The Fort Worth Star-Telegram

FORT WORTH, Texas — In the minutes before police arrived to check out a possible suicide in the Wedgwood neighborhood, MedStar paramedics were already on the scene, having responded to the same call.

It was about 8:30 p.m. Friday in the 3800 block of Wharton Drive and the situation quickly escalated from a suicide call to an active shooting.

Gunshots were fired. Officers were hit.

Usually in situations like these, paramedics are required to stage about two blocks away, said Matt Zavadsky, MedStar spokesman.

But not this time — they were in the hot zone.

"They started to leave, then went back into hostile scene to get the officers and transport them to the hospital," Zavadsky said.

Officer Xavier Serrano, an 8-year-veteran and training officer, was shot multiple times in shoulder, arm and upper body, and underwent surgery Friday night at John Peter Smith Hospital. Officer Ray Azucena, a newly commissioned officer in training, was hit in the chest, but the bullet was deflected by his body armor. He was released from JPS Hospital early Saturday.

Police Chief Joel Fitzgerald released a statement Saturday evening, saying, "their prognosis is very good and they are both expected to make a full recovery from their wounds and a return to their job of protecting and serving our citizens."

"Officer Serrano has a longer road to recovery and remains at JPS Hospital where he is undergoing additional treatment and testing. He is lucid, and has immediate (and police) family by his bedside," Fitzgerald said.

Friday night, after arriving at the scene, the two officers entered the house and "found a dead elderly man in back bedroom," said Sgt. Marc Povero, a police spokesman. That man had been shot in the head.

A person inside the house who was in the room when the elderly man was shot had retreated to a shed in the back yard, Povero said.

Officers approached the shed and attempted to speak with the person inside, and that's when "someone fired at them," Povero said.

Both officers were struck by gunfire but were able to return fire at the shooter and take cover until other officers arrived, police said. Both officers were wearing body armor, officials said.

Jesse Guadina, who has lived in the neighborhood 3 1/2 years, said he went outside when he saw police cars and in a "split second heard more than 30 gunshots."

'Clearly people were heroic'

Zavadsky said Fort Worth officers carried their fallen comrades from the shed to a nearby area, where the two paramedics treated them before taking them to JPS.

Fitzgerald said the "colleagues who extricated both injured officers while being fired upon" and others involved "deserve our thanks."

Zavadsky described the teamwork between police and paramedics as "unbelievable."

Fort Worth officer Daniel Segura, police spokesman, agreed.

"We are definitely a close community of first responders," he said, naming police, fire and MedStar. "... Knowing we have each others' support makes everyone's job easier."

Zavadsky said said the paramedics would be formally recognized once details can be nailed down.

"Clearly people were heroic, but we want to get a better picture of what happened," he said. "But we're very proud of the paramedics who put themselves in harm's way to help these officers."

With the suspect still inside the shed, SWAT officers attempted to negotiate with the suspect and used tear gas to try to force the person out. A SWAT armored vehicle — a robot — was deployed to the shed and once officers were able to gain access, a dead person was found.

The person did have gunshot wounds but it's not clear if they were from police or self-inflicted, police said.

Officials have not released the identities of the elderly man nor person in the shed, but the Star-Telegram has learned they were Carl Fleece, 81, and his son, Martin Craig Fleece, 55. The son had a lengthy criminal past and neighbors said he lived in the shed where he died.

The scene in the normally quiet neighborhood became chaotic in the minutes after neighbors reported hearing at least four gunshots. Dozens of police units converged on the residential neighborhood in far south Fort Worth.

Those who lived within a few blocks were asked to leave their houses until the situation stabilized.

Injured officer shows support

At a late Friday news conference at JPS Hospital, Fitzgerald and Mayor Betsy Price were joined by officer Matt Pearce, who was badly injured in March when he was shot while chasing fugitives.

Fitzgerald also spoke Saturday at a Unity in the Community march in Fort Worth and talked about the difficulty of policing in today's world. Besides the shooting in Fort Worth, two officers were shot Friday in Philadelphia, where Fitzgerald had previously served.

Pearce attended Friday night's news conference to show support to his wounded comrades.

"It's more frustrating than anything else to see this happen so close to when I was injured," Pearce said. "I don't want to see anyone injured. I wish I could say I'm going to retire in 19 years and never see another officer get injured or another officer get killed but unfortunately that's not the way the world is going. I have to show them the same support that they showed me.

"If I can be a familiar face of someone that survived this just six months ago then hopefully that will ease the minds of the families and the officers," Pearce said.

Before Friday, he was one of three officers shot in Tarrant County this year. Euless officer David S. Hofer was killed March 1 while responding to a call at a city park and was ambushed by a 22-year-old drug addict who previously threatened to kill police.

Two weeks later, Pearce was shot and was hospitalized for two months.

Arlington police officer Eddie Johnston was wounded in a shootout with a murder suspect in April. He was treated and released a few hours after being shot.

Copyright 2016 the Fort Worth Star-Telegram

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Modeling background radiation using geochemical data: A case study in and around Cameron, Arizona

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 165
Author(s): Kara E. Marsac, Pamela C. Burnley, Christopher T. Adcock, Daniel A. Haber, Russell L. Malchow, Elisabeth M. Hausrath
This study compares high resolution forward models of natural gamma-ray background with that measured by high resolution aerial gamma-ray surveys. The ability to predict variations in natural background radiation levels should prove useful for those engaged in measuring anthropogenic contributions to background radiation for the purpose of emergency response and homeland security operations. The forward models are based on geologic maps and remote sensing multi-spectral imagery combined with two different sources of data: 1) bedrock geochemical data (uranium, potassium and thorium concentrations) collected from national databases, the scientific literature and private companies, and 2) the low spatial resolution NURE (National Uranium Resource Evaluation) aerial gamma-ray survey. The study area near Cameron, Arizona, is located in an arid region with minimal vegetation and, due to the presence of abandoned uranium mines, was the subject of a previous high resolution gamma-ray survey. We found that, in general, geologic map units form a good basis for predicting the geographic distribution of the gamma-ray background. Predictions of background gamma-radiation levels based on bedrock geochemical analyses were not as successful as those based on the NURE aerial survey data sorted by geologic unit. The less successful result of the bedrock geochemical model is most likely due to a number of factors including the need to take into account the evolution of soil geochemistry during chemical weathering and the influence of aeolian addition. Refinements to the forward models were made using ASTER visualizations to create subunits of similar exposure rate within the Chinle Formation, which contains multiple lithologies and by grouping alluvial units by drainage basin rather than age.



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