Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Δευτέρα 16 Απριλίου 2018
Sodium Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tumor Growth and the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo
Emergence of the benefits and costs of grouping for visual search
Psychophysiology, EarlyView.
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Linking internal and external signals for performance monitoring: An event‐related potential study
Psychophysiology, EarlyView.
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Functional Analysis of Hif1 Histone Chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The Hif1 protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisie is an evolutionarily conserved H3/H4-specific chaperone and a subunit of the nuclear Hat1 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4. Hif1, as well as its human homolog NASP, has been implicated in an array of chromatin-related processes including histone H3/H4 transport, chromatin assembly and DNA repair. In this study, we elucidate the functional aspects of Hif1. Initially we establish the wide distribution of Hif1 homologs with an evolutionarily conserved pattern of four tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) motifs throughout the major fungal lineages and beyond. Subsequently, through targeted mutational analysis, we demonstrate that the acidic region that interrupts the TPR2 is essential for Hif1 physical interactions with the Hat1/Hat2-complex, Asf1, and with histones H3/H4. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the involvement of Hif1 in regulation of histone metabolism by showing that cells lacking HIF1 are both sensitive to histone H3 over expression, as well as synthetic lethal with a deletion of histone mRNA regulator LSM1. We also show that a basic patch present at the extreme C-terminus of Hif1 is essential for its proper nuclear localization. Finally, we describe a physical interaction with a transcriptional regulatory protein Spt2, possibly linking Hif1 and the Hat1 complex to transcription-associated chromatin reassembly. Taken together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into Hif1 functions and establish it as an important protein in chromatin-associated processes.
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Accounting for Genotype-by-Environment Interactions and Residual Genetic Variation in Genomic Selection for Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Concentration in Wheat
Abiotic stress tolerance traits are often complex and recalcitrant targets for conventional breeding improvement in many crop species. This study evaluated the potential of genomic selection to predict water-soluble carbohydrate concentration (WSCC), an important drought tolerance trait, in wheat under field conditions. A panel of 358 varieties and breeding lines constrained for maturity was evaluated under rainfed and irrigated treatments across two locations and two years. Whole-genome marker profiles and factor analytic mixed models were used to generate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for specific environments and environment groups. Additive genetic variance was smaller than residual genetic variance for WSCC, such that genotypic values were dominated by residual genetic effects rather than additive breeding values. As a result, GEBVs were not accurate predictors of genotypic values of the extant lines, but GEBVs should be reliable selection criteria to choose parents for intermating to produce new populations. The accuracy of GEBVs for untested lines was sufficient to increase predicted genetic gain from genomic selection per unit time compared to phenotypic selection if the breeding cycle is reduced by half by the use of GEBVs in off-season generations. Further, genomic prediction accuracy depended on having phenotypic data from environments with strong correlations with target production environments to build prediction models. By combining high-density marker genotypes, stress-managed field evaluations, and mixed models that model simultaneously covariances among genotypes and covariances of complex trait performance between pairs of environments, we were able to train models with good accuracy to facilitate genetic gain from genomic selection.
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Barakat syndrome revisited
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Patient with mediastinitis caused by delayed mucosal damage after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.
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Splenic artery as a simple landmark indicating difficulty during laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy
Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, EarlyView.
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Seven additional families with spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome with novel biallelic deleterious variants in FLNB
Clinical Genetics, EarlyView.
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Correction to: Reassessing the clinical spectrum associated with Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma syndrome in French FH mutation carriers
Clinical Genetics, Volume 93, Issue 5, Page 1118-1118, May 2018.
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Erratum
Clinical Genetics, Volume 93, Issue 5, Page 1117-1117, May 2018.
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Correction to: PUGS: A novel scale to assess perceptions of uncertainties in genome sequencing
Clinical Genetics, Volume 93, Issue 5, Page 1119-1119, May 2018.
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Issue Information ‐ Editorial Board
Clinical Genetics, Volume 93, Issue 5, Page 941-941, May 2018.
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Time Trend in Persistent Cognitive Decline: Results From the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Abstract
Objective
To study time trends in the incidence of persistent cognitive decline (PCD), and whether an increase or decrease is explained by changes in well-known risk factors of dementia. Method
Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam over a period of 20 years were used. Subsamples of 65–88 year-olds were selected at 7 waves, with numbers ranging from 1,800 to 1,165. Within-person change in cognitive functioning was used to determine PCD. In logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE), time (0, 3, 6, 9, 13, and 16 years) was the main predictor of 3-year PCD incidence. Explanatory variables were lagged one wave before incident PCD and included in separate models. Results
PCD incidence was 2.5% at first, and 3.4% at last follow-up. GEE showed a positive time trend for PCD incidence [Exp(B)time = 1.042; p < .001]. None of the explanatory variables significantly changed the strength of the regression coefficient of linear time. Higher age, lower education, diabetes mellitus, smoking, lower body-mass index, and lower level of physical activity were associated with higher incidence of PCD. Conclusion
An increase in PCD incidence over time was found. Although well-known risk factors were associated with incidence per se, they did not explain the increase in incidence of PCD.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vkSl8h
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Introduction to a Supplement on Population Level Trends in Dementia: Causes, Disparities, and Projections
Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD; hereafter dementia) are a set of conditions affecting primarily adults in later life that are characterized by impairments in memory and other cognitive processes severe enough to interfere with day to day functioning. These conditions have a large and growing impact on older adults, their families, and societies globally. In 2015, more than 46 million people around the world had dementia (Prince et al., 2015). The economic impact of dementia, including unpaid care provided by families, is estimated to be $818 billion worldwide (Prince et al., 2015). Because the world population is aging and the incidence of dementia increases sharply over the age of 75, some researchers have projected a tripling of the number of people living with dementia by 2050 unless delays in onset or treatment breakthroughs occur in the future (Prince et al., 2015).
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Dementia Prevalence in the United States in 2000 and 2012: Estimates Based on a Nationally Representative Study
Abstract
Objectives
Age- and sex-specific rates of dementia are estimated in the U.S. population aged 65 or older in 2000 and 2012 using a large nationally representative dataset, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and accounting for mortality selection and specificities of the interview protocol. Method
A latent cognitive ability model is estimated by maximum simulated likelihood. Prevalence of dementia is identified using HRS cognition measures and the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study (ADAMS), a subset of the HRS (n = 856) with clinical assessment for dementia. Different cognitive measures are collected in self and proxy interviews. From 2006 onward, the HRS collected fewer interviews by proxy. Selection into proxy interviews is modeled as well as survival into the ADAMS sample from the previous HRS interview. Results
The prevalence of dementia decreased from 12.0% (SE = 0.48%) in 2000 to 10.5% (SE = 0.49%) in 2012 in the 65+ population, a statistically significant decline of 12.6% (p < .01). The percentage change in prevalence was larger among males (16.6% vs 9.5%), and younger individuals. Discussion
The prevalence of dementia among those 65 or older decreased between 2000 and 2012, although less rapidly than reported in other studies. The difference is primarily due to our modeling selection into proxy interviews.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2EOROuZ
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Secular Trends in Cognitive Performance in Older Black and White U.S. Adults, 1993–2012: Findings From the Chicago Health and Aging Project
Abstract
Objective
To characterize secular trends from 1993 to 2012 in cognitive performance using a cohort of older black and white U.S. adults, and compare trends by race. Method
Our data come from 8,906 participants of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a longitudinal, population-based cohort (age ≥ 67, 60% black). Participants underwent cognitive assessments in six 3-year study cycles from 1993 to 1996 through 2010 to 2012. We computed 3 measures of cognitive performance: global cognition, episodic memory, and perceptual speed. Results
Mean performance in terms of global cognitive score followed a secular pattern of modest decline over the 6 study cycles. The trend was most pronounced for perceptual speed. Mean scores among black participants were consistently lower than those for whites; these disparities in mean performance narrowed over time, especially on perceptual speed, but appeared to widen at the last cycle. Global scores among the upper quartile of performers rose slightly, but scores among the lowest quartile of performers dropped precipitously. Discussion
Between 1993 and 2012, secular trends in cognitive performance in this established cohort did not follow a clear pattern of improvement, contrasting with previous research. But patterns differed by cognitive domain, performance level, and race.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JRUYSz
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Educational Differences in the Prevalence of Dementia and Life Expectancy with Dementia: Changes from 2000 to 2010
Abstract
Objectives
This article provides the first estimates of educational differences in age-specific prevalence, and changes in prevalence over time, of dementia by education levels in the United States. It also provides information on life expectancy, and changes in life expectancy, with dementia and cognitively healthy life for educational groups. Method
Data on cognition from the 2000 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study are used to classify respondents as having dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), or being cognitively intact. Vital statistics data are used to estimate life tables for education groups and the Sullivan method is used to estimate life expectancy by cognitive state. Results
People with more education have lower prevalence of dementia, more years of cognitively healthy life, and fewer years with dementia. Years spent in good cognition increased for most sex-education groups and, conversely, years spent with dementia decreased for some. Mortality reduction was the most important factor in increasing cognitively healthy life. Change in the distribution of educational attainment has played a major role in the reduction of life with dementia in the overall population. Discussion
Differences in the burden of cognitive loss by education point to the significant cost of low social status both to individuals and to society.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ERF4Uq
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Short-Term Changes in the Prevalence of Probable Dementia: An Analysis of the 2011–2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study
Abstract
Objectives
Studies have reported decreasing dementia prevalence in recent decades in the United States. We explore with a new national data source whether declines have occurred since 2011, whether trends are attributable to shifts in dementia incidence or mortality, and whether trends are related to shifts in population composition or subgroup prevalence. Methods
We use the 2011–2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 27,547) to examine prevalence of probable dementia among the 70 and older population. To minimize the influence of potential learning effects on prevalence rates, we require individuals to meet probable dementia criteria at two consecutive rounds. Results:
Prevalence of probable dementia declines over this period by 1.4% to 2.6% per year. Declines are concentrated among women, non-Hispanic white and black groups, and those with no vascular conditions or risk factors. The latter group also has experienced declines in dementia incidence. Declines in prevalence are largely attributable to age- and education-related shifts in population composition. Discussion
Given the role of age and educational composition in short-term declines, the United States is likely to continue to experience short-term declines in dementia prevalence. However, persistently high rates among minority groups, especially of Hispanic origin, are concerning, and, barring new treatments, long-run trends may reverse course.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JS6PQo
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Trends in the Prevalence and Disparity in Cognitive Limitations of Americans 55–69 Years Old
Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether the prevalence of cognitive limitation (CL) among Americans ages 55 to 69 years changed between 1998 and 2014, and to assess the trends in socioeconomic disparities in CL among groups defined by race/ethnicity, education, income, and wealth. Method
Logistic regression using 1998–2014 data from the biennial Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative data set. CL is defined as a score of 0–11 on a 27-point cognitive battery of items focused on memory. Socioeconomic status (SES) measures are classified as quartiles. Results
In models controlling for age, gender, and previous cognitive testing, we find no significant change over time in the overall prevalence of CL, widening disparities in limitation by income and, in some cases, wealth, and improvements among non-Hispanic whites but not other racial/ethnic groups. Discussion
Among people 55–69, rates of CL are many times higher for groups with lower SES than those with higher SES, and recent trends show little indication that the gaps are narrowing.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ERE7eJ
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Are Trends in Dementia Incidence Associated With Compression in Morbidity? Evidence From The Framingham Heart Study
Abstract
Objectives
Several epidemiological studies suggest declining trends in dementia over the last three decades with both decreasing age-specific prevalence and incidence. There is limited data on whether this delayed clinical onset is accompanied by a shorter postdiagnosis survival. Methods
A total of 5,205 participants from the Framingham Original and Offspring cohorts were studied. Four epochs were considered from 1977–1984 to 2004–2008. Gender and education adjusted 5-year mortality risks were estimated using delayed entry Cox models with the earliest epoch as reference category. Stratified analyses by sex, education, and age were undertaken. A nested case control study of 317 dementia cases and 317 controls matched on age, gender and epoch was initiated. Results
In the whole sample, 5-year mortality risk has decreased with time, it was 33% lower in the last epoch compared to the earliest. In the 317 persons who developed dementia, age at onset increased (1.5 years/epoch), and years alive with dementia decreased (1 year/epoch) over time. We observed however, a decreased adjusted relative mortality risk (by 18%) in persons with dementia in 1986–1991 compared to 1977–1983 and no significant change from then to the latest epoch. The nested case control study suggested in matched controls that 5-year mortality relative risk had increased by 60% in the last epoch compared to Epoch 1. Discussion
In the FHS, in the last 30 years, disease duration in persons with dementia has decreased. However, age-adjusted mortality risk has slightly decreased after 1977–1983. Consequences of such trends on dementia prevalence should be investigated.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JMEiLX
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The Impact of Changes in Population Health and Mortality on Future Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in the United States
Abstract
Objectives
We assessed potential benefits for older Americans of reducing risk factors associated with dementia. Methods
A dynamic simulation model tracked a national cohort of persons 51 and 52 years of age to project dementia onset and mortality in risk reduction scenarios for diabetes, hypertension, and dementia. Results
We found reducing incidence of diabetes by 50% did not reduce number of years a person ages 51 or 52 lived with dementia and increased the population ages 65 and older in 2040 with dementia by about 115,000. Eliminating hypertension at middle and older ages increased life expectancy conditional on survival to age 65 by almost 1 year, however, it increased years living with dementia. Innovation in treatments that delay onset of dementia by 2 years increased longevity, reduced years with dementia, and decreased the population ages 65 and older in 2040 with dementia by 2.2 million. Conclusions
Prevention of chronic disease may generate health and longevity benefits but does not reduce burden of dementia. A focus on treatments that provide even short delays in onset of dementia can have immediate impacts on longevity and quality of life and reduce the number of Americans with dementia over the next decades.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vfHtbQ
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The Association of Early Life Factors and Declining Incidence Rates of Dementia in an Elderly Population of African Americans
Abstract
Objectives:
To explore the possible association of childhood residence, education levels, and occupation with declining incidence rates of dementia in 2 cohorts of elderly African Americans. Methods
African Americans residing in Indianapolis without dementia were enrolled in 1992 and 2001 and evaluated every 2–3 years. The cohorts consist of 1,440 participants in 1992 and 1,835 participants in 2001 aged 70 years and older. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to compare cohort differences in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Results
The 2001 cohort had significantly decreased risk of both incident dementia and AD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62/0.57 for dementia/AD). Years of education was associated with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.93; p = .0011). A significant interaction (p = .0477) between education and childhood rural residence was found for the risk of AD that higher education level is significantly associated with reduced AD risk (HR = 0.87) in participants with childhood rural residence, but no association in those with urban upbringing. The cohort difference for dementia rates were attenuated by adjusting for the 3 risk factors but remained significant (HR = 0.75; p = .04). Discussion
These results emphasize the importance of early life factors including rural residence and education for the risk for dementia later in life.from Health via xlomafota13 on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JQpQCB
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EMT remains friends with mom and child she saved 20 years ago
By Molly Crane-Newman New York Daily News NEW YORK — EMT Vivian Lomacang was in the final minutes of her shift when her two-way radio crackled to life with what seemed like an unremarkable job. It was a mild March evening, and the emergency dispatcher reported "a heavy bleeder" inside an apartment at Monroe St. and Marcus Garvey Blvd. in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. Lomacang and her ...
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Couple honors fallen responders with cross-country 'Move Over' campaign
By Bill Hand Sun Journal HAVELOCK, N.C. — It's the law: slow down and move over. The message, American Towman Magazine believes, should go a long way toward protecting first responders, and it has made the slogan its mission, sending a husband and wife team across the country in a special RV, carrying a symbolic coffin, to remind drivers of what happens when they don't give emergency personnel ...
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Spinal associative plasticity in depth: evidence from animal model
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Feedforward neural control of toe walking in humans
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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When muscle Ca2+ channels carry monovalent cations through gating pores: insights into the pathophysiology of type 1 hypokalaemic periodic paralysis
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Cholecystokinin selectively activates short axon cells to enhance inhibition of olfactory bulb output neurons
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Activity‐dependent synaptic integration and modulation of bilateral excitatory inputs in an auditory coincidence detection circuit
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Time and sex dependent effects of magnesium sulphate on post‐asphyxial seizures in preterm fetal sheep
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Issue Information
The Journal of Physiology, Volume 596, Issue 8, Page 1313-1314, 15 April 2018.
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Temporal dynamics of circadian phase shifting response to consecutive night shifts in healthcare workers: role of light–dark exposure
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Daily muscle stretching enhances blood flow, endothelial function, capillarity, vascular volume and connectivity in aged skeletal muscle
The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
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Calcium‐/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II in occlusion‐induced degenerative cartilage of rat mandibular condyle
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, EarlyView.
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Efficacy of biofeedback therapy on sleep bruxism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, EarlyView.
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Cover Image
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page i-i, May 2018.
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Issue Information
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page ii-iv, May 2018.
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Postoperative pain management in children: Guidance from the pain committee of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative)
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Drone standards for public safety boosted by joint effort
The National Fire Protection Association and ASTM International signed a Memorandum of Understanding to support a joint working group of public safety experts
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Issue Information
Psychophysiology, Volume 55, Issue 5, May 2018.
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Heartbeat counting is unrelated to heartbeat detection: A comparison of methods to quantify interoception
Psychophysiology, EarlyView.
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Uber adds direct 911 button to its app
The button will dial 911 in the case of an emergency as part of the company's initiative to increase safety for riders
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Couple honors fallen responders with cross-county 'Move Over' campaign
By Bill Hand Sun Journal HAVELOCK, N.C. — It's the law: slow down and move over. The message, American Towman Magazine believes, should go a long way toward protecting first responders, and it has made the slogan its mission, sending a husband and wife team across the country in a special RV, carrying a symbolic coffin, to remind drivers of what happens when they don't give emergency personnel ...
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Evaluating the effects of delivering integrated kinesthetic and tactile cues to individuals with unilateral hemiparetic stroke during overground walking
Integration of kinesthetic and tactile cues for application to post-stroke gait rehabilitation is a novel concept which needs to be explored. The combined provision of haptic cues may result in collective impr...
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Is patient-reported outcome improved by nalfurafine hydrochloride in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and refractory pruritus? A post-marketing, single-arm, prospective study
Abstract
Background
Patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) frequently suffer from pruritus, which can severely impair their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Nalfurafine hydrochloride, a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, was recently approved in Japan for refractory pruritus in patients with chronic liver diseases, but it still remains unclear whether this treatment improves the patient-reported outcome (PRO) in PBC patients with refractory pruritus. Herein, we conducted a multicenter, post-marketing, single-arm prospective study to investigate the efficacy of nalfurafine in terms of PRO, and the associations of the efficacy with any clinical characteristics.
Methods
After screening for pruritus in 496 patients with PBC using PBC-40 and the visual analog scale (VAS), we identified 141 patients with moderate to severe pruritus; these were invited to participate in the study. The participants received 2.5 μg nalfurafine once daily for 12 weeks, and pruritus and HRQOL were assessed in week 12 of this treatment. Generic HRQOL, short form 36, blood chemistries, and serum autotaxin levels were also measured at baseline and at week 12.
Results
Forty-four patients participated in this study. The mean PBC-40 itch domain scores and VAS declined during the study period, from 8.56 to 7.63 (P = 0.041) and from 42.9 to 29.3 (P = 0.001) at baseline and at week 12, respectively, indicating a significant effect of nalfurafine. The other domains of PBC-40 and all domains of SF-36 were not significantly altered by this treatment. We failed to find any association between the change in VAS and PBC-40 itch scores and any clinical variable. Serum autotaxin levels were significantly increased during the study period.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that nalfurafine improved pruritus in patients with PBC, independent of their clinical characteristics, but had a limited effect on the PRO.
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Do We Need a Cool-Down After Exercise? A Narrative Review of the Psychophysiological Effects and the Effects on Performance, Injuries and the Long-Term Adaptive Response
Abstract
It is widely believed that an active cool-down is more effective for promoting post-exercise recovery than a passive cool-down involving no activity. However, research on this topic has never been synthesized and it therefore remains largely unknown whether this belief is correct. This review compares the effects of various types of active cool-downs with passive cool-downs on sports performance, injuries, long-term adaptive responses, and psychophysiological markers of post-exercise recovery. An active cool-down is largely ineffective with respect to enhancing same-day and next-day(s) sports performance, but some beneficial effects on next-day(s) performance have been reported. Active cool-downs do not appear to prevent injuries, and preliminary evidence suggests that performing an active cool-down on a regular basis does not attenuate the long-term adaptive response. Active cool-downs accelerate recovery of lactate in blood, but not necessarily in muscle tissue. Performing active cool-downs may partially prevent immune system depression and promote faster recovery of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, it is unknown whether this reduces the likelihood of post-exercise illnesses, syncope, and cardiovascular complications. Most evidence indicates that active cool-downs do not significantly reduce muscle soreness, or improve the recovery of indirect markers of muscle damage, neuromuscular contractile properties, musculotendinous stiffness, range of motion, systemic hormonal concentrations, or measures of psychological recovery. It can also interfere with muscle glycogen resynthesis. In summary, based on the empirical evidence currently available, active cool-downs are largely ineffective for improving most psychophysiological markers of post-exercise recovery, but may nevertheless offer some benefits compared with a passive cool-down.
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Impact of age on postoperative complication rates among elderly patients with hip fracture: a retrospective matched study
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the impact of age of ≥ 90 years on predicting postoperative complications. We retrospectively identified all patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent surgical repair of hip fractures over a 4.5-year period in our hospital. In total, 261 patients were identified (mean age, 86.2 ± 6.8 years). Ninety-one patients were aged ≥ 90 years (oldest-old group), and the remaining 170 were aged < 89 years (control old group). Postoperative complications developed in 54 of 261 patients (20.7%). The oldest-old group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a Japanese long-term care insurance need level and trochanteric fracture than the control group. Spinal anesthesia was more frequently performed in the oldest-old group. After propensity adjustment for these characteristics, postoperative complication rates in the oldest-old group remained significantly higher than those in the matched control group (odds ratio (OR) 2.76, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.24–6.49; P = 0.011). Major complications also developed more frequently in the oldest-old group than control group (OR 9.78, 95% CI 1.31–4.36; P = 0.018). Anesthesiologists and surgeons should pay attention to potential complications following hip fracture surgery for patients aged ≥ 90 years regardless of American Society of Anesthesiologists class or social dependency.
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Poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with rapid progression in a young man
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer in young adults is very rare. We report a case of young-onset poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with rapid progression and poor prognosis in a 31-year-old Japanese man with no obvious family history of malignancy. Preoperative examinations revealed a mass lesion in the body of the pancreas, accompanied by a slightly dilated main pancreatic duct distal to the mass lesion. Pancreatic cancer with acute pancreatitis was suspected because of an elevation of serum pancreatic enzyme and tumor marker, along with imaging findings. Distal pancreatectomy with resection of the common hepatic artery and splenectomy along with lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was mainly composed of poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, but the patient had multiple liver metastases 2 months postoperatively, in spite of adjuvant chemotherapy, and died 8 months postoperatively. This case may represent a rare instance of young-onset poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma with rapid progression and may indicate potential risk factors of pancreatic cancer in young adults.
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Comparison of running and cycling economy in runners, cyclists, and triathletes
Abstract
Purpose
Exercise economy is one of the main physiological factors determining performance in endurance sports. Running economy (RE) can be improved with running-specific training, while the improvement of cycling economy (CE) with cycling-specific training is controversial. We investigated whether exercise economy reflects sport-specific skills/adaptations or is determined by overall physiological factors.
Methods
We compared RE and CE in 10 runners, 9 cyclists and 9 triathletes for running at 12 km/h and cycling at 200 W. Gross rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were collected and used to calculate gross metabolic rate in watts for both running and cycling.
Results
Runners had better RE than cyclists (917 ± 107 W vs. 1111 ± 159 W) (p < 0.01). Triathletes had intermediate RE values (1004 ± 98 W) not different from runners or cyclists. CE was not different (p = 0.20) between the three groups (runners: 945 ± 60 W; cyclists: 982 ± 44 W; triathletes: 979 ± 54 W).
Conclusion
RE can be enhanced with running-specific training, but CE is independent of cycling-specific training.
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