Head Immobilization in Experiments on Awake Animals: Minimization of Stress

An original head holder and a training procedure designed for better adaptation of animals to rigid immobilization carried out in experiments in the awake drug-free state without body and limb restraining are described. The head holder can be used autonomously or in combination with a standard stereotaxic apparatus; it provides possibilities for stable recording of brain neuronal activity and delivery of pharmacological drugs. The device may be successfully used in both electrophysiological and behavioral experiments, particularly in studies of sensory perception and eye-head coordination. The proposed head holder and flexible training program provide much weaker immobilization-induced stress-related effects, which preserves normal physiological functions of the animal. The device may be successfully used for different laboratory animal species.

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Junior temperament character inventory together with quantitative EEG discriminate children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype plus oppositional defiant disorder

Publication date: Available online 19 May 2018
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Giuseppe A. Chiarenza, Stefania Villa, Lidice Galan, Pedro Valdes-Sosa, Jorge Bosch-Bayard
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is frequently associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but no clear neurophysiological evidence exists that distinguishes the two groups. Our aim was to identify biomarkers that distinguish children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder combined subtype (ADHD_C) from children with ADHD_C + ODD, by combining the results of quantitative EEG (qEEG) and the Junior Temperament Character Inventory (JTCI).28 ADHD_C and 22 ADHD_C + ODD children who met the DSMV criteria participated in the study. JTCI and EEG were analyzed. Stability based Biomarkers identification methodology was applied to the JTCI and the qEEG separately and combined. The qEEG was tested at the scalp and the sources levels. The classification power of the selected biomarkers was tested with a robust ROC technique. The best discriminant power was obtained when TCI and qEEG were analyzed together. Novelty seeking, self-directedness and cooperativeness were selected as biomarkers together with F4 and Cz in Delta; Fz and F4 in Theta and F7 and F8 in Beta, with a robust AUC of 0.95 for the ROC. At sources level: the regions were the right lateral and medial orbito-frontal cortex, cingular region, angular gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, occipital pole and the left insula in Theta, Alpha and Beta. The robust estimate of the total AUC was 0.91. These structures are part of extensive networks of novelty seeking, self-directedness and cooperativeness systems that seem dysregulated in these children. These methods represent an original approach to associate differences of personality and behavior to specific neuronal systems and subsystems.



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