Purpose of review The current review will discuss the current literature on genetics of pain and analgesia, with special emphasis on perioperative setting. We will also discuss pharmacogenetics-based management guidelines, current clinical status and future perspectives. Recent findings Recent literature suggests that the interindividual variability in pain and postoperative analgesic response is at least in part because of one's genetic make-up. Some of the well characterized polymorphisms that are associated with surgical pain and opioid-related postoperative adverse outcomes are described in catechol-O-methyl transferase, CYP2D6 and μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1, ABCC3, organic cation transporter 1 genes. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium has put forth recommendations on CYP2D6 genotype-based opioid selection and dosing. The list of drug–gene pairs studied continue to expand. Summary Pharmacogenetic approach marks the dawn of personalized pain medicine both in perioperative and chronic pain settings. Correspondence to Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, MD, MPH, Gopal Krishna Professor and Chief of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, RH 2835, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Tel: +1 317 948 3845; fax: +1 317 944 0282; e-mail: ssadhasivam@iuhealth.org Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Πέμπτη 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Oncogene Delta/Notch-Like EGF-Related Receptor Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts a Poor Prognosis
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Oncogene Delta/Notch-Like EGF-Related Receptor Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts a Poor Prognosis
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Genomic Analysis To Identify Signatures of Artificial Selection and Loci Associated with Important Economic Traits in Duroc Pigs
Identifying genetic basis of domestication and improvement in livestock contributes to our understanding of the role of artificial selection in genome shaping. Here we used whole-genome sequencing and the genotyping by sequencing approach to detect artificial selection signatures and identify the associated SNPs of two economic traits in Duroc pigs. A total of 38 candidate selection regions were detected by combining the fixation index and the Composite Likelihood Ratio methods. Further genome-wide association study revealed 7 associated SNPs that were related with intramuscular fat content and feed conversion ratio traits, respectively. Enrichment analysis suggested that the artificial selection regions harboured genes, such as MSTN, SOD2, MC5R and CD83, which are responsible for economic traits including lean muscle mass, fertility and immunization. Overall, this study found a series of candidate genes promising to associate with the breeding improvement of Duroc pigs and the polygenic basis of adaptive evolution, which can provide important references and fundamental information for future breeding programs.
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Postoperative Stroke after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Statewide Database Analysis
Carotid artery injury and stroke secondary to prolonged retraction remains an extremely rare complication in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, multiple studies have demonstrated that carotid artery retraction during the surgical approach may alter the normal blood flow, leading to a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area of the vessel. Others have suggested that dislodgment of atherosclerotic plaques following manipulation of the carotid artery can be a potential risk for intracranial embolus and stroke.
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Association between diastolic cardiac dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Recent studies have suggested an association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, although the results were inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate this possible association.
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Statin use is associated to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis
Previous studies investigating the association between statin use and pancreatic cancer (PDAC) risk for a possible chemopreventive effect gathered heterogeneous results.
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EMS Agenda 2050 Quick Take: Focusing on people – providers, patients, families – is the future of EMS
The EMS Agenda 2050 outlines six guiding principles for the future of emergency medical services
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Association between diastolic cardiac dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Recent studies have suggested an association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, although the results were inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate this possible association.
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Statin use is associated to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis
Previous studies investigating the association between statin use and pancreatic cancer (PDAC) risk for a possible chemopreventive effect gathered heterogeneous results.
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EMS Agenda 2050 Quick Take: Focusing on people – providers, patients, families – is the future of EMS
The EMS Agenda 2050 outlines six guiding principles for the future of emergency medical services
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Deciphering genome-wide WRKY gene family of Triticum aestivum L. and their functional role in response to Abiotic stress
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) act in regulating plant growth and development as well as in response to different stress. Some earlier studies done by individual researchers reported different wheat WRKY TFs. Although, the recently released wheat genome has opened an avenue to investigate wheat WRKYs (TaWRKY) TFs. Prime objective of this study to performed genome-wide classifications of TaWRKYs and their functional annotation. The classification of 107 individual identified characterized sequences of TaWRKY (IICS-TaWRKY) and 160 uncharacterized draft sequences of TaWRKY (UDS-TaWRKY), along with their gene structures and motifs analysis was performed. Along with comparative sequence analysis and microarray analysis was performed to mimic out TaWRKYs functions in response to different abiotic stresses, accompanied by in-vitro validation. The comparative phylogenetic analysis and estimation of Ka/Ks ratio with Triticum urartu, illustrate group based clasifications of TaWRKYs and evolutionary divergences. Furthermore, motif-based and protein-DNA interaction analysis of TaWRKYs helps to identify, their putative function in target DNA recognition sites. Subsequently, results of microarray and comparative sequence analysis provides the evidence of TaWRKYs involved in heat and/or drought stress. Further, in-vitro results validates that TaWRKY014, TaWRKY090 are found to participate in response of drought stress, whereas TaWRKY008, TaWRKY122, and WRKY45 are involved in response of heat and drought stress. These findings can be utilized in developing novel heat and drought-tolerant wheat cultivars using marker-assisted breeding and transgenic development.
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[18F]FDG-Labeled CGPRPPC Peptide Serving as a Small Thrombotic Lesions Probe, Including a Comparison with [99mTc]-Labeled Form
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Research Analysis: Key takeaways from PART and Airways-2 Trials
Comparing endotracheal, laryngeal tube and supraglottic airway device intubation during out of hospital cardiac arrest
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What you missed at the 2018 Pinnacle Leadership Forum
Pinnacle program co-chair, Jay Fitch, recounts the highlights from this year's leadership forum
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Changes in electrophysiological properties of photoreceptors in Periplaneta americana associated with the loss of screening pigment
Abstract
Absence of screening pigment in insect compound eyes has been linked to visual dysfunction. We investigated how its loss in a white-eyed mutant (W-E) alters the photoreceptor electrophysiological properties, opsin gene expression, and the behavior of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of green-sensitive photoreceptors in W-E cockroaches gave reduced membrane capacitance, absolute sensitivity to light, and light-induced currents. Decreased low-pass filtering increased voltage-bump amplitudes in W-E photoreceptors. Intracellular recordings showed that angular sensitivity of W-E photoreceptors had two distinct components: a large narrow component with the same acceptance angle as wild type, plus a relatively small wide component. Information processing was evaluated using Gaussian white-noise modulated light stimulation. In bright light, W-E photoreceptors demonstrated higher signal gain and signal power than wild-type photoreceptors. Expression levels of the primary UV- and green-sensitive opsins were lower and the secondary green-sensitive opsin significantly higher in W-E than in wild-type retinae. In behavioral experiments, W-E cockroaches were significantly less active in dim green light, consistent with the relatively low light sensitivity of their photoreceptors. Overall, these differences can be related to the loss of screening pigment function and to a compensatory decrease in the rhabdomere size in W-E retinae.
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Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes and their response to abiotic stresses in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis )
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) family is one of the largest TF families in plants and plays a central role in diverse regulation and multiple stress responses. However, the systematical analysis of the WRKY gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) based on genomic data has been lacking. The primary objective of this study was to set a systematic analysis of the WRKY gene family based on genomic data in tea plant and analyze their expression profiles under various abiotic stresses. We searched the tea plant genome using the consensus model of the WRKY domain (PF03106) and then used these search results to identify all the WRKY family members by SMART and the CDD program. Analyze their phylogeny, classification, structure, conserved motifs, Cis-elements, interactors and expression profiles. 56 putative WRKY genes were identified from the tea plant genome and divided into three main groups (I–III) and five subgroups (IIa–IIe) according to the WRKY domains and the zinc-finger structure. The gene structure and conserved motifs of the CsWRKY genes were also characterized and were consistent with the classification results. Annotation analysis showed that 34 CsWRKY genes may be involved in stress responses. Promoter analysis implied that CsWRKY genes, except for CsWRKY55, possessed at least one abiotic stress response cis-element. Expression profiles of CsWRKY genes in different tissues were analyzed with RNA-seq data. The results showed that 56 CsWRKY genes had differential expression in their transcript abundance. The expression profiles also showed that many identified CsWRKY genes were possibly involved in the response to cold, drought, salt, or ABA treatment. Tea plant genome contains at least 56 WRKY genes. These results provide useful information for further exploring the function and regulatory mechanism of CsWRKY genes in the growth, development, and adaption to abiotic stresses in tea plant.
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[18F]FDG-Labeled CGPRPPC Peptide Serving as a Small Thrombotic Lesions Probe, Including a Comparison with [99mTc]-Labeled Form
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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High-Level Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Birds in a Large Urban Environment
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Impact of Cross-Contamination Concentrations of Doxycycline Hyclate on the Microbial Ecosystem in an Ex Vivo Model of the Pig's Cecum
Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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The effectiveness of exercise interventions for pain reduction in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2018
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Thibaut Demaneuf, Zoe Aitken, Amalia Karahalios, Teng Ieng Leong, Alysha M. De Livera, George A. Jelinek, Tracey J. Weiland, Claudia H. Marck
Abstract
Objective
To systematically review the evidence of the effect of exercise compared to passive control on pain in people with multiple sclerosis.
Data source and study selection
Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published up to March 2017 that recruited people with multiple sclerosis where exercise was the intervention and pain was an outcome. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017060489).
Statistical analysis
A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the standardized mean difference of the effect of exercise on pain between treatment and control groups. We assessed risk of bias, fitted meta-regression models to explore heterogeneity between studies, and assessed small study effects.
Data synthesis
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria (total sample size = 389) and all studies were at high risk of bias. We found that exercise intervention was associated with less pain compared to passive control groups (standardized mean difference = -0.46; 95% CI: -0.92, 0.00). There was high between study heterogeneity (I2 = 77.0%), which was not explained by the pre-specified study characteristics. There was also some evidence of small study effects.
Conclusion
This is the first systematic review of the effect of exercise interventions on pain in people with multiple sclerosis, a chronic neurological disorder that affects 2.5 million people. We found some evidence that exercise compared to passive control alleviates pain in this population, but there were limitations in reporting and study quality with high risk of bias of individual studies and heterogeneity between studies.
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DNA-based memory devices for recording cellular events
DNA-based memory devices for recording cellular events
DNA-based memory devices for recording cellular events, Published online: 20 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0052-8
In this Review, Sheth and Wang describe emerging synthetic biology approaches for using DNA as a memory device for recording cellular events, including the various methodological steps from detecting diverse signals, converting them into DNA alterations and reading out and interpreting the recorded information. Furthermore, they discuss potential applications as biotechnological and environmental biosensors.
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Giant duodenal Brunner’s gland hamartoma successfully treated via endoscopic mucosal resection
Publication date: Available online 20 September 2018
Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Author(s): Yusuke Kitagawa, Hiroki Osumi, Hiroshi Kawachi, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Shoichi Yoshimizu, Yusuke Horiuchi, Akiyoshi Ishiyama, Toshiaki Hirasawa, Tomohiro Tsuchida, Junko Fujisaki
Abstract
We describe a patient with a giant Brunner's gland hamartoma in the duodenum who was safely treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). A 64-year-old woman visited our hospital for a workup of severe anaemia (haemoglobin level: 5 g/dL). Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a large pedunculated and elongated polypoid lesion measuring approximately 70 mm in longitudinal diameter, located at the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. We diagnosed her as having gastrointestinal bleeding originating from this lesion. Although we considered surgical intervention initially, en bloc EMR, a less invasive treatment, was finally accomplished safely by placing endoclips before resection. The histological examination of the specimen revealed a hamartomatous lesion consisting of Brunner's glands with cystic change and adipose tissue separated by the septa of smooth muscle fibers. Ultimately, we diagnosed her as having Brunner's gland hamartoma. Notably, there were tiny foci of heterotopic pancreatic tissue containing islets and duct epithelium. Although this type of lesion is benign, a larger one may cause clinical symptoms such as obstruction or bleeding, and thus, local resection is preferable.
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Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer: An immunohistochemical study
Publication date: Available online 20 September 2018
Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Author(s): Ehsen Ben Brahim, Imen Ayari, Raja Jouini, Salsabil Atafi, Wafa Koubaa, Hela Elloumi, Aschraf Chadli
Abstract
Background and study aim
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in tumourigenesis and tumour progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and leads to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The use of anti-EGFR-targeted therapy has increased for patients with metastatic CRC. Today, the clinical utility of immunohistochemistry has remained somewhat inconclusive. It is based on EGFR screening methods using paraffin-embedded tumour specimen to select patients eligible for treatment. There is still lack of agreement on reproducible scoring criteria for EGFR immunohistochemistry has in various clinical trials.
Patients and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 36 CRC patients who underwent surgeries during 2011 in Habib Thameur hospital in Tunis. We analyzed the immunohistochemical overexpression of EGFR using a score based on immunostaining intensity. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between this overexpression and patients' clinicopathologic parameters.
Results
The positive expression rate of EGFR was 78% (28/36). Using the immunoreactivity score, 21 cases were considered low grade expression and 15 tumours were high grade. Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR showed a significant difference with tumour's location (p = 0.034) and vascular invasion (p = 0.03). This expression was not significantly associated with age, gender, tumour size, histological type, grade, TNM staging and perineural invasion.
Conclusions
EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry in CRC is variably correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Its assessment by this method has still not proved its predictive value.
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The role of obesity in the fatal outcome of Schaaf–Yang syndrome: Early onset morbid obesity in a patient with a MAGEL2 mutation
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Radiocesium and 40K distribution of river sediments and floodplain deposits in the Fukushima exclusion zone
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 195
Author(s): S. Somboon, N. Kavasi, S.K. Sahoo, K. Inoue, H. Arae, H. Tsuruoka, H. Shimizu, M. Fukushi
Abstract
In this study, radiocesium and 40K analysis were accomplished for samples of riverbed sediments and floodplain deposits collected from five rivers in the vicinity (<20 km) of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after seven years of the accident. Sediment particle size distribution and major oxide content were determined also for six selected samples to understand the retention and migration process of radiocesium in river environments. The radiocesium activity concentration varied from 103 ± 6 Bq·kg−1 to 22,000 ± 500 Bq·kg−1 in riverbed sediments and from 92 ± 5 Bq·kg−1 to 117,000 ± 2000 Bq·kg−1 in floodplain deposits. The 134Cs/137Cs ratio (decay corrected to 15 March 2011) was 1.02 in the both samples. Compared to monitoring results in 2011, it was proved that the radiocesium distribution pattern had been changed remarkably during seven years. The radiocesium was primarily attached to fine clay particles but its sorption on sand and coarse sand particles was also considerable. The sorption process of radiocesium was not affected by the presence of water and moreover, after seven years of the Fukushima accident, a significant radiocesium migration cannot be expected without particle migration. Consequently, radiocesium will remain for a long time in the river environments and its redistribution is mainly affected by the erosion process of the sediments. The average 40K activity concentration of riverbed sediment and floodplain deposit samples was 640 ± 152 Bq·kg−1 changing from 319 ± 18 Bq·kg−1 to 916 ± 41 Bq·kg−1. In the river estuary zones, significant activity concentration decrements were observed for both radionuclides. This suggests that seawater intrusion has a decreasing effect on both natural and artificial radionuclides via wash-out of particulate radiocesium and 40K, and desorption of these radionuclides, but to reveal the detail of this process further investigations are required. The analysis of 40K can help in a simple and easy way to reveal the mineral composition differences of sediment samples.
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Country's largest EMS suppliers preps for hurricane response at Central Ohio headquarters
DUBLIN, Ohio — Dublin is home to one of the largest emergency medical suppliers, Bound Tree Medical. Several employees have spent hours making sure its warehouses are stocked with products and supplies now that hurricane Florence has hit, so when first responders hit the ground running, they have what they need. When it comes to hurricanes and other natural disasters, Bound Tree Medical...
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LINE-1: IMPLICATIONS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CANCER, CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, AND PHARMACOLOGIC TARGETS
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2018
Source: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): M Khalid, P Bojang, KS Ramos
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (Line-1 or L1) accounts for approximately 17% of the human genome. The majority of L1s are inactive, but ~100 remain retrotransposon competent (RC-L1) and able to retrotranspose through RNA intermediates to different locations of the genome. L1 is involved in both disease initiation and progression via retrotransposition dependent and independent mechanisms. Retrotransposed L1 sequences disrupt genetic loci at sites of insertion, while the activities of L1 si/piRNAs, mRNAs, and ORF1 and ORF2 proteins, and have been implicated in the etiology and progression of several human diseases. Despite these relationships, little is known about the clinical utility of L1 as a biomarker of disease initiation and progression, or the utility of small molecules to inhibit and reverse the harmful effects of L1. In this review, we discuss the life cycle of L1, somatic and germline inhibitions, the mechanisms of L1 retrotransposition dependent and independent disease initiation and progression, clinical utilities, and potential of L1s as pharmacologic targets for the treatment of cancer.
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Effectiveness of preanesthetic administration of gabapentin on sedative action during intravenous sedation with propofol
Abstract
Purpose
There are no sufficient evidences for the sedative effect of gabapentin during anesthesia, especially intravenous sedation (IVS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sedative effect of gabapentin as preanesthetic medication during the IVS with propofol.
Methods
10 volunteer subjects joined this study. They underwent propofol IVS three times on separate days. On the first day, the IVS without gabapentin was performed as a control. On the second and the third day, gabapentin 200 mg and 400 mg were administered before the IVS, respectively. The target blood concentration (CT) of propofol was gradually increased, and the bispectral index (BIS) value and Ramsay sedation score (RSS) were evaluated at each propofol CT. Postanesthetic complications and influences on vital signs were also evaluated.
Results
Compared to the control group, the propofol CTs in the gabapentin 400 mg group significantly reduced at the BIS values of 60 and 70 (p = 0.031 and p = 0.043, respectively), and at RSS 3, 4, 5 and 6 (p = 0.040, p = 0.004, p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). There was no significant difference in propofol CTs between the control group and the gabapentin 200 mg group. There were no abnormality and no deterioration in circulation and respiration in all groups. There were no significant increases in complications with the administration of gabapentin.
Conclusion
The oral administration of 400 mg dose of gabapentin reduced the propofol CTs for achieving an adequate sedation level on IVS.
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Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the rectum complicating ulcerative colitis
Abstract
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) arising in the rectum is an extremely rare clinical entity. Only ten cases have been reported in the English-language literature. We experienced a case of an EMP in the rectum of a 55-year-old man with an 8-year history of proctitis-type ulcerative colitis (UC). The plasmacytoma appeared as an 8-mm semipedunculated polypoid lesion in the actively inflamed rectal mucosa when the remittent UC flared. The tumor was treated using endoscopic mucosal resection. This is the second case of rectal EMP associated with UC after a similar report was published in 2004. Both patients had a chronic history of proctitis-type UC and were taking no immunosuppressive agents that could cause Epstein–Barr virus-associated plasmacytoma, such as thiopurines. The UC activity seemed to correspond well with the development of the rectal EMP. Therefore, we herein discuss a possible association between rectal EMP and UC and review the past literature of rectal EMP.
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Tel1 and Rif2 oppositely regulate telomere protection at uncapped telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2018
Source: Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Ling-Li Zhang, Zhenfang Wu, Jin-Qiu Zhou
Abstract
It has been well documented that Tel1 positively regulates telomere-end resection by promoting Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) activity, while Rif2 negatively regulates telomere-end resection by inhibiting MRX activity. At uncapped telomeres, whether Tel1 or Rif2 plays any role remains largely unknown. In this work, we examined the roles of Tel1 and Rif2 at uncapped telomeres in yku70Δ and/or cdc13-1 mutant cells cultured at non-permissive temperature. We found that deletion of TEL1 exacerbates the temperature sensitivity of both yku70Δ and cdc13-1 cells. Further epistasis analysis indicated that MRX and Tel1 function in the same pathway in telomere protection. Consistently, TEL1 deletion increases accumulation of Exo1-dependent telomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at uncapped telomeres, which stimulates checkpoint-dependent cell cycle arrest. Moreover, deletion of TEL1 in yku70Δ and yku70Δ tlc1Δ cells facilitates Rad51-dependent Y′ recombination, allowing yku70Δ tlc1Δ cells to bypass senescence. In contrast, RIF2 deletion in yku70Δ cells decreases the accumulation of telomeric ssDNA after 8 h of incubation at the non-permissive temperature of 37°C and suppresses the temperature sensitivity of yku70Δ cells, likely due to the increase of Mre11 association at telomeres. Collectively, our findings indicate that Tel1 and Rif2 regulate telomere protection at uncapped telomeres via their roles in balancing MRX activity in telomere resection.
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Reconsidering Sham in Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation studies
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2018
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Claire-Marie Rangon
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Turnaround in the history of carotid chemoreflex contribution for cardiorespiratory control in COPD: what are the upcoming chapters?
The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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Short‐term and long‐term human or mouse organoid units generate tissue‐engineered small intestine without added signaling molecules
Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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Action‐associated modulation of visual event‐related potentials evoked by abstract and ecological stimuli
Psychophysiology, EarlyView.
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