Caffeine ingestion improves power output decrement during 3-min all-out exercise

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the effect of caffeine ingestion on the 3-min all-out test (3MT) performance and plasma electrolytes in athletes.

Methods

Fifteen collegiate male basketball players were recruited and completed two trials separated by at least 1 week in caffeine (CAF, 6 mg kg⁻¹) and placebo conditions. During the first visit, participants performed an incremental cycling test to determine their 3MT resistance. After a familiarization trial, participants performed a CAF or PL trial according to a randomized crossover design. One hour after ingesting capsules, the participants performed the 3MT to estimate the end-test power (EP) and work done above EP (WEP). Blood samples for sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), pH, and lactate concentrations were drawn pretest, 1 h after ingestion, and posttest.

Results

Significant differences in WEP (CAF vs. PL, 13.4 ± 3.0 vs. 12.1 ± 2.7 kJ, P < 0.05) but not in EP (CAF vs. PL, 242 ± 37 vs. 244 ± 42 W, P > 0.05) were determined between the conditions. Compared with the PL condition, the CAF condition yielded significantly higher power outputs (60–150 s), a lower fatigue rate during the 3MT (CAF vs. PL, 0.024 ± 0.007 vs. 0.029 ± 0.006 s⁻¹, P < 0.05), a significantly higher lactate concentration after the 3MT, and significantly lower K⁺ concentrations at 1 h after caffeine ingestion. There were no significant interaction effects for pH and Na⁺ concentrations.

Conclusions

Caffeine ingestion did not change EP but improved WEP and the rate of decline in power output during short-term, severe exercise.

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Triple Deked by a Negative X-ray: A Hockey Player's Routine Visit for a Dangerous Injury

No abstract available

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Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder According to the Crime Types

2016-07-02T18-00-13Z
Source: Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research
Hasan KARADAĞ, M. Hakan TÜRKÇAPAR, S. Olga GÜRİZ, Kadir ÖZDEL, Akfer KARAOĞLAN KAHİLOĞULLARI.
We aimed to evaluate the relation between the crimes committed, and the childhood behavioral problems, current clinical characteristics and anger levels of patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). One hundred and fifty-three patients with ASPD were enrolled. The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. DSM-IV conduct disorder criteria and life history inventory was used to assess childhood characteristics. The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) was used to assess experience, expression, and control of anger. The main differences between crime groups were as follows: A head trauma history was more frequent in ASPD patients who had a crime history of physical assault. Loss of a parent in childhood was more frequent in individuals who committed burglary. Divorce or separation of the parents in childhood was more frequent in those who committed murder. The usage of weapons in fight during childhood was significantly higher in those who committed murder and aggravated assault. According to STAS scores, the anger control scores were significantly lower in those who committed murder. Childhood and behavioral characteristics of ASPD patients is not homogenous. There is a need for further studies to demonstrate these differences and make a new classification for ASPD.


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Use of Pie Charts in Cognitive Therapies

2016-07-02T18-00-13Z
Source: Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research
Melis SEDEF KAHRAMAN, Şebnem ŞAHİNÖZ, Seher Olga GÜRİZ.
One of the major goals of cognitive therapy is to generate cognitive restructuring for clients. While generating cognitive restructuring plenty of cognitive interventions can be useful. One of those interventions is building a Pie Chart (PC) prepared collaboratively with clients. In literature large amount of example related to target areas of PC has been stated. Investigating reasons of an event or a situation, appraising ones responsibility, testing catastrophic evaluations regarding a life event, challenging labeling thoughts and setting goals are some of the major target areas of PC. When using PC it is aimed at expanding perspectives of clients and helping them achieve an objective point of view towards life events and situations. The goal of the current paper is to explain the target areas for PC as a tool for cognitive restructuring. Key Words: Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Restructuring, Pie Chart Technique


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Comparing Diagnostic Tools in Personality Disorders

2016-07-02T18-00-13Z
Source: Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research
Emel AKGÜN AKTAŞ, Seher Olga GÜRİZ, Akfer KARAOĞLAN KAHİLOĞULLARI, Güler ALPASLAN, Esra ÇAVDAR, Aysegül DAĞDEVİREN.
Personality Disorder is defined as; continually self experience and behavioral pattern which has great variations of individual cultural normal expectations. Several diagnostic tools were developed for diagnosing personality disorders. In our study consistency of different diagnostic tools used for thhe diagnosis of personality disorders were evaluated. 39 inpatients diagnosed as personality disorder from Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Traning and Reseach Hospital were recruited into the study. Psychotic patients are excluded from the study. Sociodemographic Information Form, MMPI and PBQ scales were given all the patients. Both PBQ personality subscales and MMPI PD scales were compared with semi-structured SCID-II interview diagnoses. Findings suggest less correlation than expected. Relatively higher correlation was found between PBQ personality subscales and MMPI-PD. Most common psychiatric comorbid disorder was depression. These findings suggest that further studies are needed for the development of diagnostic tools which take the differences of self report scales and clinical evalution into consideration. Beside, the differences of the categorical and dimensional classification of personality disorders should be bear in mind in evaluation of this patient group.


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Aripirazole and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Case Study

2016-07-02T18-00-13Z
Source: Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research
Sevim Berrin İNCİ, Ülkü AKYOL ARDIÇ, Melis İPÇİ, Eyüp Sabri ERCAN.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are defined by recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted and that cause marked anxiety. Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or acording to rules that must be applied rigidly because of preventing or reducing anxiety. Several drug and pschosocial treatments have been suggested for OCD that including both cognitive and behavioral aspects. Cognitive behavioral therapy and seratonin reuptake inhibitors are first-line treatment for OCD. In this case we studied the association of cognitive behavioral therapy and aripiprazole treatment. While the reduction in OCD symptoms with aripiprazole, treatment resistance is disappeare providing significant improvements in functionality and motivation to treatment with CBT.


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Meta-analysis and psychophysiology: A tutorial using depression and action-monitoring event-related potentials

Publication date: Available online 1 July 2016
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Tim P. Moran, Hans S. Schroder, Chelsea Kneip, Jason S. Moser
Meta-analyses are regularly used to quantitatively integrate the findings of a field, assess the consistency of an effect and make decisions based on extant research. The current article presents an overview and step-by-step tutorial of meta-analysis aimed at psychophysiological researchers. We also describe best-practices and steps that researchers can take to facilitate future meta-analysis in their sub-discipline. Lastly, we illustrate each of the steps by presenting a novel meta-analysis on the relationship between depression and action-monitoring event-related potentials – the error-related negativity (ERN) and the feedback negativity (FN). This meta-analysis found that the literature on depression and the ERN is contaminated by publication bias. With respect to the FN, the meta-analysis found that depression does predict the magnitude of the FN; however, this effect was dependent on the type of task used by the study.



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Dietary Interventions and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the best studied of the functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered bowel habits, which may include constipation, diarrhea, or both. IBS has a significant negative impact on patients, both financially and with regard to their quality-of-life. At present, there is no cure for IBS, and while there are a number of pharmacological therapies available to treat IBS symptoms, they are not uniformly effective. For this reason, many patients and providers are turning to dietary interventions in an attempt to ameliorate IBS symptoms. At first glance, this approach appears reasonable as dietary interventions are generally safe and side effects, including potential adverse reactions with medications, are rare. However, although dietary interventions for IBS are frequently recommended, there is a paucity of data to support their use. The goals of this article are to answer key questions about diets currently recommended for the treatment of IBS, using the best available data from the literature.

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Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: Can It Be Altered by Diet and Exercise?

Abstract

Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass, is being increasingly recognized to have a deleterious effect on outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. Factors related to diet and the inflammatory nature of chronic liver disease contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia in these patients. Sarcopenia adversely influences quality of life, performance, morbidity, success of transplantation, and even mortality. Specific deficiencies in macronutrients (protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E, carotenoids, and selenium) have been linked to sarcopenia. Lessons learned from nutritional therapy in geriatric patient populations may provide strategies to manage sarcopenia in patients with liver disease. Combining diet modification and nutrient supplementation with an organized program of exercise may help ameliorate or even reverse the effects of sarcopenia on an already complex disease process.

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Endoscopic Management of Gallbladder Stones: Can We Eliminate Cholecystectomy?

Abstract

The gold standard for the management of acute cholecystitis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In patients that are not fit for surgery, percutaneous cholecystostomy is the standard treatment. However, the procedure is only a temporary measure for controlling gallbladder symptoms and it is frequently associated with morbidities. Recently, endoscopic options for management of acute cholecystitis have been developed. The approach avoids the need for a percutaneous drain and may allow endoscopic treatment of the gallstone. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on the current status of endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis.

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Modified alar base cinch suture fixation at the bilateral lower border of the piriform rim after a maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy.

Modified alar base cinch suture fixation at the bilateral lower border of the piriform rim after a maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Jun 27;

Authors: Yen CY, Kuo CL, Liu IH, Su WC, Jiang HR, Huang IG, Liu SY, Lee SY

Abstract
Classic cinch suture narrowing of the nasal alar base by medially suturing the bilateral nasolabial soft tissue with one long suture has a limited effect. The modified cinch method described in the present study anchors non-absorbable sutures to the bilateral lower border of the piriform rim and provides optimal direction, position, and stability. The sutures can be shortened and the strength kept stable while the surgical wounds heal. Separate bilateral sutures can also reduce interference and distortion from nasotracheal intubation and make the nasolabial profile more symmetrical. Seventeen consecutive cases of maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy were analyzed. The nasal and alar base width changes were 0.4±1.2mm and 0.1±1.1mm, respectively, and the widening rate was only 1.1%. Compared with the results of other studies, postoperative nasal flaring was well controlled using the modified cinch suture anchored to the bilateral lower border of the piriform rim described in this study.

PMID: 27364371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain management in children

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Issue Information

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In this issue August 2016

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Perioperative management in children with chronic pain

Summary

Children with chronic pain often undergo surgery and effective perioperative management of their pain can be challenging. Identification of the pediatric chronic pain patient preoperatively and development of a perioperative pain plan may help ensure a safer and more comfortable perioperative course. Successful management usually requires multiple different classes of analgesics, regional anesthesia, and adjunctive nonpharmacological therapies. Neuropathic and oncological pain can be especially difficult to treat and usually requires an individualized approach.

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Alternative therapies and postoperative vomiting

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Reply to Hooijmans, Carlijn; Wever, Kimberley; Ritskes-Hoitinga, Merel; Scheffer, Gert Jan, regarding their comment ‘The usefulness of systematic reviews of animal studies; shooting the messenger’

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The usefulness of systematic reviews of animal studies: shooting the messenger

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Reply to Ekeoduru, Rhashedah; Matuszczak, Maria; Lin, Michael, regarding their comment ‘Correspondence’ regarding ‘The presumed central nervous system effects of rocuronium in a neonate and its reversal with sugammadex’ by Langley, McFadzean & McCormack

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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, malignant hyperthermia, and inappropriate use of secondary references

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Reply to Snow et al. regarding their comment ‘A call to solve the puzzle together by building an evidence base for perioperative management of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Comment on ‘Utility of screening questionnaire, obesity, neck circumference, and sleep polysomnography to predict sleep-disordered breathing in children and adolescents

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STIMULATED BIODEGRADATION OF WASTE LUBICATING OIL IN SOIL, USING WATER HYACINTH AND GOAT DROPPINGS.

2016-07-02T02-07-05Z
Source: Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science
Funmilayo Doherty, Idowu Aneyo, Nimota shobowale.
SUMMARY Background Soil contamination with used engine oil is becoming a major environmental problem due to uncontrollable disposal, particularly in developing countries. Eichhornia Crassipes (water hyacinth) has been recognized as the worlds most harmful weed. The aim of this research is therefore to determine the potentials of water hyacinth and goat droppings in enhancing biodegradation of used engine oil in soil. Materials and methods Water hyacinth plants were chopped, sun dried, ground into powder and autoclaved at 1210C for 15 minutes. 200g of Soil was placed in vessels labelled A,B and C, 2.5% of used lubricating motor oil was added, pulverised, and left undisturbed. After 2 days 10% of each organic waste (ground water hyacinth and goat droppings) was added to each vessel of oil polluted soil, labeled A and B. Vessel C with only soil and used lubricating oil served as control. Periodic sampling was carried out at 15 days interval for 75 days. Soil samples were collected from different areas of the microcosm for isolation and enumeration of bacteria and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon. Results Microbial growth was highest in contaminated soil amended with water hyacinth with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 20×107 to 68×107 cfu/g and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranging from 10×106 to 40×106cfu/g. This was closely followed by soil amended with goat droppings with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 18.8×107 to 60×107cfu/g and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranging from 8.5×106 to 38×106cfu/g. Unamended soil had the lowest microbial count with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 4.0×107 to 7.2107cfu/g and 7.5×106 to 20×106cfu/g for hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count. 91% loss in hydrocarbon was observed in the water hyacinth amended soil. Conclusion The biostimulative effect was observed with the increase in microbial population count in contaminated soil amended with water hyacinth. This study confirms that water hyacinth and goat droppings have the potential to stimulate bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soil. Keywords- Biodegradation, water hyacinth, soil


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Influence of metabolic syndrome on upper gastrointestinal disease

Abstract

A recent increase in the rate of obesity as a result of insufficient physical exercise and excess food consumption has been seen in both developed and developing countries throughout the world. Additionally, the recent increased number of obese individuals with lifestyle-related diseases associated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, defined as metabolic syndrome (MS), has been problematic. Although MS has been highlighted as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and arteriosclerotic diseases, it was also recently shown to be associated with digestive system disorders, including upper gastrointestinal diseases. Unlike high body weight and high body mass index, abdominal obesity with visceral fat accumulation is implicated in the onset of various digestive system diseases because excessive visceral fat accumulation may cause an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, inducing the release of various bioactive substances, known as adipocytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin. This review article focuses on upper gastrointestinal disorders and their association with MS, including obesity, visceral fat accumulation, and the major upper gastrointestinal diseases.

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Isolation of anti-fungal agent from a soil inhabitant Streptomyces albaduncus-M51 and its efficacy against osmophilic food spoilage by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2016-07-02T02-07-05Z
Source: Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science
Sahar Yassin Ibrahim, Magda Magdy Abd El-Salam.
Aim: This study was performed to isolate antifungal substance from actinomycetes species found in soil in order to avoid osmophilic food spoilage. Methods: Purified isolates of different actinomycetes collected from soil in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia were screened for their antifungal bioactivity against the unicellular fungal strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The actinomycete isolate that showed the highest fungal inhibition potency was selected and identified. Antifungal metabolite fermented by identified isolate was extracted and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Food preservative efficacy of the extracted crude fungicide was tested against osmophilic foods spoilage. Results: Among 59 actinomycetes strains, 10 isolates exhibited antifungal efficacy against S. cerevisiae. Only one isolate was the most potent fungicidal and identified as Streptomyces albaduncus-M51. Crude antifungal was extracted and MIC value found to be 25µg/ml against the tested yeast strain. Yeast colonies were completely undetected in treated food samples at crude extract concentration (150µl/100ml for liquid foods and 200µl/100mg for solid samples). Conclusion: The antifungal agent produced by S.albaduncus-M51 demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect against S. cerevisiae that causes osmophilic foods spoilage.


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Sticky Steroids-In Search Of An Approved Treatment For Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

No abstract available

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Does Continuous Electronic ST-Segment Monitoring Enhance Prediction of Postoperative Troponin Elevation?.

No abstract available

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Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oximetry and depth of anaesthesia during neuroanaesthesia procedures.

Purpose of review: This review reports recent evidence on intraoperative monitoring of cerebral oximetry and depth of anaesthesia during neuroanaesthesia procedures. Recent findings: The clinical benefits of intraoperative monitoring with cerebral oximetry [near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and brain tissue oxygenation monitoring (brptiO2)] and depth of anaesthesia with bispectral index (BIS) have recently been studied in surgical (carotid endarterectomy, cerebral arteriovenous malformations resection and brain tumour resections) and neuroradiological vascular procedures. BrptiO2/PaO2 ratio is much more reliable than absolute brptiO2 readings in detecting hypoxia in arteriovenous malformation resections. NIRS can help clinicians monitor those patients receiving endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke and during carotid endarterectomy, but the value of applying cerebral oximetry in patients with cerebral vasospasm needs to be further evaluated. Awake craniotomy demonstrated that because of considerable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interindividual variation, BIS titration is recommended. Thus, the presence of a frontal brain tumour did not affect ipsilateral BIS values. Summary: Recent studies provide interesting evidence of intraoperative monitoring of NIRS, brptiO2 and BIS. The brptiO2/PaO2 ratio is much more reliable than an absolute brptiO2 reading; NIRS helps clinicians to monitor patients who are undergoing endovascular treatment, and BIS guides the titration of anaesthesia during awake craniotomy; its values are not affected by the presence of a frontal brain tumour. Copyright (C) 2016 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Electroencephalography-Derived Sensory and Motor Network Topology in Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently complain of excessive fatigue, which is the most disabling symptom for half of them. While the few drugs used to treat MS fatigue are of limited utility, we recently observed the efficacy of a personalized neuromodulation treatment. Here, we aim at strengthening knowledge of the brain network changes that occur when MS fatigue increases, using graph theory. We collected electroencephalographic (EEG; 23 or 64 channels) data in resting state with eyes open in 27 relapsing-remitting (RR) patients with mild MS (EDSS ≤2), suffering a wide range of fatigue as scored by the modified Fatigue Impact Scale (mFIS) (2-69, within a total range 0-84). To estimate graph theory small-world index (SW), we calculated the lagged linear coherence between EEG cortical eLORETA sources, in the standard frequency bands delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz), beta2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). We calculated the SW of these undirected and weighted networks separately in the four left and right frontal (motor) and parieto-occipito-temporal (sensory) brain networks. A correlative analysis demonstrated increased fatigue symptoms along with the SW specifically in the Sensory network of the left dominant hemisphere in the beta1 band (Pearson's r = 0.404, P = .020). Our study indicates a specific involvement of the dominant-hemisphere sensory network in MS fatigue. It suggests that compensatory neuromodulation interventions could enhance efficacy in relieving this debilitating symptom by targeting this area.

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Hygienic Quality of Yoghurt and Curd of Medium and Small-Scale Processors: A study in relation to several provinces of Sri Lanka

2016-07-02T00-44-59Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Nilukshi Liyanagunawardena, Palika Fernando, Gayani Weerasooriya, Shyamali de Alwis, SA Thalagoda.
The present study was aimed at analyzing the hygienic quality of yoghurt and curd submitted to Veterinary Research Institute as per the prevailing Sri Lankan Standards Institution (SLSI) standards for microbiological tolerance limits and also at comparing the hygienic quality of products of medium versus small- scale producers. Microbial quality assessment of a total of 156 yoghurt and 91 curd samples was determined using the total coliform count and total yeast and mould count. Results of the present study revealed that only 51.9% (81/156) and 48.3% (44/91) of the samples of yoghurt and curd, respectively, were up to the SLSI standards. Comparison as per the SLSI standards, in medium (66.2%) versus small-scale (32.8%) yoghurt as well as in medium (60.4%) versus small- scale (34.8%) curd displayed a significant difference (p


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Control of Poultry Salmonellosis: Detection of carrier status in Grandparent Farms in Sri Lanka

2016-07-02T00-45-00Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Nilukshi Liyanagunawardena, Palika Fernando, Roshan Madalagama, Gayani Weerasooriya, Geethanjali Wijewardena, Chandima Samarakoon, Kanchana Abayarathna.
In Sri Lanka, the control programme for Salmonellosis is carried out by Department of Animal Production and Health (DAPH), in order to keep Salmonella carrier status at a less than 1% level in poultry breeder flocks. This study was aimed at serologically verifying the Salmonella carrier status in the two Grand Parent farms during the period of 2011- 2013, by performing whole blood agglutination test. In the present study, a total of 10 batches (nA=20915) from one farm and 9 batches (nB=4651) from the other were tested for antibody detection, once the age of the birds reached 20 weeks. The results revealed the Salmonella carrier status to be below 1%, in both farms during the study period as recommended by the DAPH.


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