Σάββατο 30 Απριλίου 2016

Variation in the nasal cavity of baboon hybrids with implications for late Pleistocene hominins

Publication date: May 2016
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 94
Author(s): Kaleigh Anne Eichel, Rebecca Rogers Ackermann
Hybridization is increasingly proving to be an important force shaping human evolution. Comparisons of both ancient and modern genomes have provided support for a complex evolutionary scenario over the past million years, with evidence for multiple incidents of gene exchange. However, to date, genetic evidence is still limited in its ability to pinpoint the precise time and place of ancient admixture. For that we must rely on evidence of admixture from the skeleton. The research presented here builds on previous work on the crania of baboon hybrids, focusing on the nasal cavity of olive baboons, yellow baboons, and first generation (F1) hybrids. The nasal cavity is a particularly important anatomical region for study, given the clear differentiation of this feature in Neanderthals relative to their contemporaries, and therefore it is a feature that will likely differ in a distinctive manner in hybrids of these taxa. Metric data consist of 45 linear, area, and volume measurements taken from CT scans of known-pedigree baboon crania. Results indicate that there is clear evidence for differences among the nasal cavities of the parental taxa and their F1 hybrids, including a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in the hybrids. There is also some evidence for transgressive phenotypes in individual F1 animals. The greatest amount of shape variation occurs in the anterior bony cavity, the choana, and the mid-nasopharynx. Extrapolating our results to the fossil record, we would expect F1 hybrid fossils to have larger nasal cavities, on average, than either parental taxon, with overall nasal cavity shape showing the most profound changes in regions that are distinct between the parental taxa (e.g., anterior nasal cavity). We also expect size and shape differences to be more pronounced in male F1 hybrids than in females. Because of pronounced anterior nasal cavity differences between Neanderthals and their contemporaries, we suggest that this model might be effective for examining the fossil record of late Pleistocene contact.



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The multidisciplinary treatment of bronchobiliary fistula present in a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

2016-04-30T18-05-46Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Baris Ozcan, Metin Cevener, Omer Vefik Ozozan, Saim Yilmaz, Alihan Gurkan.
Bronchobiliary Fistula (BBF) is a rare condition that usually occurs after surgical treatments of pancreas, liver and biliary diseases. Clinical findings are bilioptysis, fever and dyspnea. In treating it, initially, drainage should be conducted using minimally invasive or endoscopic methods, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTK) in cases where these methods failed. Next, treatment through performing surgical operations, like hepatectomy or pulmonary resection, should be carried out. In this work, the diagnostic and therapeutic phases of a female patient at the age of 40 who underwent a whipple procedure (pancreatoduodenectomy) 10 years earlier because of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is presented. Their follow-ups exhibited multiple metastases in the liver, and for this reason, specific chemoembolization treatments were applied. After these treatments, bronchobiliary fistula was formed.


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Differentiating Chilaiditi signs from Chilaiditi syndrome

2016-04-30T18-05-46Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Ankit Shukla, Ramesh Bharti, Amar Verma, Rajesh Chaudhary.
Chilaiditi is an extremely rare anatomical condition, which may present asymptomatically or symptomatically with or without complications. Differentiation between chilaiditi signs and chilaiditi syndrome and having knowledge of the possible complications is important so as to decide when to operate and when not to. Here, we present a rare case of a 66-year-old gentleman with chilaiditi syndrome causing complete obstruction of a small bowel loop.


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Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst

2016-04-30T18-05-46Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Amit Kumar C Jain, Mohan LN, Prahalad ST.
Hydatid cysts are most common in the liver followed by lungs. Most are asymptomatic for prolonged periods. The other sites where hydatid cysts are found include the spleen, kidneys and brain. Retroperitoneal hydatid cysts are extremely rare. A 45-year-old male presented to the authors emergency room with history of abdominal pain over the previous 7 days. It was insidious at onset and the pain had increased in severity during the 2 days before arriving at the hospital. The pain was radiating to the right lower limb. The abdomen showed a tender vague mass in the right lumbar region and iliac fossa. A CT scan confirmed a hydatid cyst in the retro peritoneum. The patient underwent laparotomy and excision of the cyst.


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When the fan leaves the shit... Norway: detached rotor blades spin in air...

Total loss, 11 found, 2 corpses missing. Time to redo that EC225 Gearbox/Main rotor shaft, i think... R.I.P. Grounded, again ( Norway, U.K. ( World wide i hope... )) ( SAR machines can still fly, on life saving missions ) Airbus FIX IT, OR KILL IT ..! You can better then this ! Why let this machine ( SuperPuma 225 ) ruin your exelent rep. ? ExEMTNor

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When the fan leaves the shit... Norway: detached rotor blades spin in air...

Total loss, 11 found, 2 corpses missing. Time to redo that EC225 Gearbox/Main rotor shaft, i think... R.I.P. Grounded, again ( Norway, U.K. ( World wide i hope... )) ( SAR machines can still fly, on life saving missions ) Airbus FIX IT, OR KILL IT ..! You can better then this ! Why let this machine ( SuperPuma 225 ) ruin your exelent rep. ? ExEMTNor

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Medical Staff Associate - CSL Plasma

CSL Plasma is seeking FT Paramedics to join our Medical Staff Associate Team in our Oklahoma City facility. We offer competitive salary, great benefit package which includes medical, dfental, 401K, career advancement opportunities, tuition reimbursement, and 3 weeks vacation the first year. Apply on line at CSLPLASMA.COM

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When the fan leaves the shit... Norway: detached rotor blades spin in air...

Total loss, 11 found, 2 corpses missing. Time to redo that EC225 Gearbox/Main rotor shaft, i think... R.I.P. Grounded, again ( Norway, U.K. ( World wide i hope... )) ( SAR machines can still fly, on life saving missions ) Airbus FIX IT, OR KILL IT ..! You can better then this ! Why let this machine ( SuperPuma 225 ) ruin your exelent rep. ? ExEMTNor

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Testing brains with burst suppressions

Distinguishing burst suppression (BS) pattern from a "continuous EEG" pattern is perhaps the first and easiest to learn by junior fellows as they start working in units with neurological intensive care (Westhall et al., 2015). Detection of BS is considered the hallmark of severe compromise in brain function, and in the context of brain damage, it is traditionally considered to signify a poor prognosis (Westhall et al., 2016; Hofmeijer et al., 2015). Recognition of BS is important for neurologists when treating status epilepticus using anesthesia that is titrated to keep the EEG at the "BS level", between the levels of continuous EEG and inactive EEG.

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When the fan leaves the shit... Norway: detached rotor blades spin in air...

Total loss, 11 found, 2 corpses missing. Time to redo that EC225 Gearbox/Main rotor shaft, i think... R.I.P. ExEMTNor

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An unusual and unexpected finding in a case of self-poisoning

A 65 year old man with history of severe depression was admitted for impaired consciousness after having ingested 30 tablets of cyamemazine and venlafaxine. The extra-neurological physical examination and the chest X-ray were normal. The day after, the chest X-ray revealed metal foreign bodies in the colon's left angle and the patient declared having ingested sharp pointed metal tools during the past three days. Abdominal X-ray (Fig. 1) and CT-scan revealed the presence of dozens of metal foreign bodies along the digestive tract, including an extra-digestive needle with an inflammation of the surrounding fat.

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Superiority of visual (verbal) vs. auditory test presentation modality in a P300-based CIT: the Complex Trial Protocol for concealed autobiographical memory detection

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Publication date: Available online 29 April 2016
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Xiaohong Deng, J. Peter Rosenfeld, Anne Ward, Elena Labkovsky
This paper continues our efforts to determine which modality is best for presentation of stimuli in the P300-based concealed information test (CIT) called the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP). The first part of the CTP trial involves presentation of the key probe or irrelevant stimuli, and is followed by presentation of target (T) or non-target (NT). In Rosenfeld et al. (2015), probes and irrelevants regularly alternated modality over trials, but Ts and NTs were always visual. In the present study, (in both its experiments, EXP1 and EXP2), probes and irrelevants alternated modalities on successive trials, as before. In present EXP 1, Ts and NTs were always auditory, but in EXP 2, they were simultaneously auditory and visual. Probe P300 data were different in each study: In Rosenfeld et al. (2015) and EXP 2 here, the bootstrap-based detection rates based on probe-minus-irrelevant differences, significantly differed favoring visual probe and irrelevant presentation modality. In EXP 1 here, detection rates were the same for the two modalities. In Rosenfeld et al. (2015) there was no main effect of probe modality, visual vs. auditory on probe-minus-irrelevant P300 difference. There were such effects here in EXP 1 (p<0.08, effect size =0.19) and EXP 2 (p<0.02, effect size =0.31), favoring the visual modality. Probe P300 latencies were shorter for visual than for auditory stimuli in Rosenfeld et al. (2015), a trend specifically reversed in the present pair of studies. RT was faster for visual stimuli in the present studies. The T and NT modality appears to interact with probe/irrelevant modality, and the best protocol for detecting concealed information is with the 2015 study protocol or that of EXP 2, using visual stimulus presentation.



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An unusual and unexpected finding in a case of self-poisoning

A 65 year old man with history of severe depression was admitted for impaired consciousness after having ingested 30 tablets of cyamemazine and venlafaxine. The extra-neurological physical examination and the chest X-ray were normal. The day after, the chest X-ray revealed metal foreign bodies in the colon's left angle and the patient declared having ingested sharp pointed metal tools during the past three days. Abdominal X-ray (Fig. 1) and CT-scan revealed the presence of dozens of metal foreign bodies along the digestive tract, including an extra-digestive needle with an inflammation of the surrounding fat.

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Harmonization of Databases: a Step for Advancing the Knowledge about Spinal Cord Injury

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Susan Charlifue, Denise Tate, Fin Biering-Sorensen, Stephen Burns, Yuying Chen, Sophia Chun, Lyn B. Jakeman, Robert G. Kowalski, Vanessa K. Noonan, Philip Ullrich
The objective of this manuscript is to provide an overview of existing spinal cord injury (SCI) clinical research databases, their purposes, characteristics and accessibility to users, and present a vision for future collaborations required for cross-cutting research in SCI. This vision highlights the need for validated and relevant data for longitudinal, clinical trials, observational and epidemiological SCI-related studies. Three existing SCI clinical research databases/registries are reviewed and summarized with regard to current formats, collection methods, and uses, including major strengths and weaknesses. Efforts to provide a uniform approach to data collection are also reviewed. The databases reviewed offer different approaches to capture important clinical information on SCI. They vary on size, purpose, data points, inclusion of standard outcomes and technical requirements. Each presents with a set of limitations including lack of population data and of a common platform for data comparisons and exchanges. It is clear that numerous issues need to be considered when planning to establish common ways of collecting data through datasets or patient registries ranging from a carefully crafted implementation plan that lists purposes, cost, resources required and policies to guide such development to establishing a framework for dissemination of data and findings. For the present, taking advantage of the vast but different data already collected over many decades may require a variety of statistical skills and epidemiologic techniques. Ultimately, our ability to speak the same language with regard to variables and assessment tools will facilitate international collaborations, and enhance comparability, data pooling and the ability to generalize findings to a broader population.



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