Racecadotril May Reduce Diarrhoea In Microvillous Inclusion Disease.

No abstract available

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Propofol Pharmacodynamics and Bispectral Index During Key Moments of Awake Craniotomy.

Background: During awake craniotomy, the patient's language centers are identified by neurological testing requiring a fully awake and cooperative patient. Hence, anesthesia aims for an unconscious patient at the beginning and end of surgery but an awake and responsive patient in between. We investigated the plasma (Cplasma) and effect-site (Ceffect-site) propofol concentration as well as the related Bispectral Index (BIS) required for intraoperative return of consciousness and begin of neurological testing. Materials and Methods: In 13 patients, arterial Cplasma were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and Ceffect-site was estimated based on the Marsh and Schnider pharmacokinetic/dynamic (pk/pd) models. The BIS, Cplasma and Ceffect-site were compared during the intraoperative awakening period at designated time points such as return of consciousness and start of the Boston Naming Test (neurological test). Results: Return of consciousness occurred at a BIS of 77+/-7 (mean+/-SD) and a measured Cplasma of 1.2+/-0.4 [mu]g/mL. The Marsh model predicted a significantly (P

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Kilohertz and Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation With the Same Pulse Duration Have Similar Efficiency for Inducing Isometric Knee Extension Torque and Discomfort.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that, as compared with pulsed current with the same pulse duration, kilohertz frequency alternating current would not differ in terms of evoked-torque production and perceived discomfort, and as a result, it would show the same current efficiency. Design: A repeated-measures design with 4 stimuli presented in random order was used to test 25 women: (1) 500-microsecond pulse duration, (2) 250-microsecond pulse duration, (3) 500-microsecond pulse duration and low carrier frequency (1 kHz), (4) 250-microsecond pulse duration and high carrier frequency (4 kHz). Isometric peak torque of quadriceps muscle was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Discomfort was measured using a visual analog scale. Results: Currents with long pulse durations induced approximately 21% higher evoked torque than short pulse durations. In addition, currents with 500 microseconds delivered greater amounts of charge than stimulation patterns using 250-microsecond pulse durations (P

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Perceived Exertion Is Lower When Using a Functional Electrical Stimulation Neuroprosthesis Compared With an Ankle-Foot Orthosis in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: This study investigates the direct comparison of energy cost, efficiency, and effort between an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) and a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device for foot drop in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis. Design: Twenty adults (32-74 years old; 55% female) with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis resulting in foot drop participated in a crossover, counterbalanced preliminary study. Each participant was tested on different days, with each session consisting of a separate walk trial per prosthetic device. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, speed, distance, and self-reported exertion were measured independently for each device walk trial. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with device and visit number as within-participants independent variables were run for the primary outcome variables of perceived exertion, energy, and metabolic efficiency. Results: A significant main effect of device was found for perceived exertion (P = 0.01), with participants reporting decreased exertion levels (Borg Scale) when using the FES compared with the AFO (mean difference, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-2.76). Energy and efficiency did not significantly differ by device. Conclusion: Results suggest that further investigation of the potential advantages of FES devices over traditional AFO is warranted. To Claim CME Credits: Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://ift.tt/1l80W45 CME Objectives: Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) describe potential differences between an AFO and FES for treatment of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis, (2) understand the mechanisms and prevalence of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis, and (3) recognize the potential benefit of improved perceived exertion found when using FES for the treatment of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis. Level: Advanced Accreditation: The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for amaximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)(TM). Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Dissociating parafoveal preview benefit and parafovea-on-fovea effects during reading: A combined eye tracking and EEG study

Abstract

During reading, the parafoveal processing of an upcoming word n+1 can influence word recognition in two ways: It can affect fixation behavior during the preceding fixation on word n (parafovea-on-fovea effect, POF), and it can facilitate subsequent foveal processing once word n+1 is fixated (preview benefit). While preview benefits are established, evidence for POF effects is mixed. Recently, it has been suggested that POF effects exist, but have a delayed impact on saccade planning and thus coincide with preview benefits measured on word n+1. We combined eye movement and EEG recordings to investigate and separate neural correlates of POF and preview benefit effects. Participants read lists of nouns either in a boundary paradigm or the RSVP-with-flankers paradigm, while we recorded fixation- or event-related potentials (FRPs/ERPs), respectively. The validity and lexical frequency of the word shown as preview for the upcoming word n+1 were orthogonally manipulated. Analyses focused on the first fixation on word n+1. Preview validity (correct vs. incorrect preview) strongly modulated fixation times and electrophysiological N1 amplitudes, replicating previous findings. Importantly, gaze durations and FRPs measured on word n+1 were also affected by the frequency of the word shown as preview, with low-frequency previews eliciting a sustained, N400-like centroparietal negativity. Results support the idea that POF effects exist but affect word recognition with a delay. Lastly, once word n+1 was fixated, its frequency also modulated N1 amplitudes in ERPs and FRPs. Taken together, we separated immediate and delayed effects of parafoveal processing on brain correlates of word recognition.

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Plant receptor kinases bind and phosphorylate 14-3-3 proteins

Abstract

14-3-3 proteins are pSer/pThr-binding proteins that interact with a wide array of cellular 'client' proteins. The plant brassinosteroids (BRs) receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), is a member of the large family of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) that contain cytoplasmic protein kinase domains. At least two LRR-RLKs are involved in BR perception and signal transduction: BRI1 and BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1). We determined that several 14-3-3 proteins bind to BRI1-CD and are phosphorylated by BRI1, BAK1 and At3g21430 receptor kinases in vitro. Moreover, we observed14-3-3 s are phosphorylated on threonine residue(s) with BR-dependent manner. To reveal the function of 14-3-3 proteins interacting with LRR-RLKs, we treated tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) to the BRI1-CD recombinant protein, which is autophosphorylated on tyrosine residue(s). Tyrosine autophosphorylation signal was disappeared, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins cannot protect BRI1 tyrosine phosphorylation from PTP1B phosphatase. Our study suggests that 14-3-3 proteins may be important for plant growth and development through BR signaling.

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A six-CpG panel with DNA methylation biomarkers predicting treatment response of chemoradiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains poor, and the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) applied to ESCC patients often failed. Therefore, development of biomarkers to predict CRT response is immensely important for choosing the best treatment strategy of an individual patient.

Methods

The methylation array and pyrosequencing methylation assay were performed in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies to identify probes with differential CpG methylation levels between good and poor CRT responders in a cohort of 12 ESCC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to build the risk score equation of selected CpG probes in another cohort of 91 ESCC patients to predict CRT response. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate progression-free survival or time-to-progression of patients predicted with good and poor CRT responses.

Results

Nine differentially methylated CpG probes were identified to be associated with CRT response. A risk score equation comprising six CpG probes located in IFNGR2, KCNK4, NOTCH4, NPY, PAX6, and SOX17 genes were built. The risk score was derived from the sum of each probe multiplied by its corresponding coefficient. Such a risk score has a good prediction performance in discriminating poor CRT responders from good responders (AUC: 0.930). Moreover, poor CRT responders predicted by risk score significantly had poorer prognosis in terms of shorter progression-free survival and time-to-progression (p = 0.004–0.008).

Conclusion

We established a proof-of-concept CRT response prediction panel consisting of six-CpG methylation biomarkers in identifying ESCC patients who are at high risk of CRT failure and need intensive care.

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Validation of the EORTC QLQ-BIL21 questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and cancer of the gallbladder

British Journal of Cancer

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Association of vitamin D deficiency with hepatitis B virus - related liver diseases

BMC Infectious Diseases

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Ludwig study exposes key requirement for regulatory T cell function

Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research News

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Anti-cancer activity of Psoralea Fructus through the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in human colorectal cancer cells

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Long-term outcomes of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Japan: Results of a multi-institutional survey

Obesity Surgery

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Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pancreatology

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A highly predictive model for diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms using plasma MicroRNA: Improving specificity and sensitivity

Annals of Surgery

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Inefficacy of triple therapy and comparison of two different bismuth-containing quadruple regimens as a firstline treatment option for helicobacter pylori

Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology

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Changes in blood microbiota profiles associated with liver fibrosis in obese patients: A pilot analysis

Hepatology

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Alginate therapy is effective treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diseases of the Esophagus

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Study reveals how cells work to keep inflammation in check

UW Medicine

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Patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure have increased concentrations of extracellular histones aggravating cellular damage and systemic inflammation

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Crohn’s disease activity and concomitant immunosuppressants affect the risk of serious and opportunistic infections in patients treated with adalimumab

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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How does aging affect presentation and management of biliary stones?

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

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Results of a pooled analysis of IOERT containing multimodality treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer

European Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Cost averted with timely fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in alberta, canada

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Semi-quantitative assessment of the presence and Child–Pugh class of hepatitis B related cirrhosis by using liver lobe-based dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Clinical Radiology

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Liver resection and transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria

Annals of Surgery

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Role of a plausible nuisance contributor in the declining obesity-mortality risks over time

Experimental Gerontology

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Liver transplantation in transthyretin amyloidosis: Characteristics and management related to kidney disease

Transplantation Reviews

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