Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Τρίτη 30 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Upregulation of Circular RNA VPS13C-has-circ-001567 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion
Upregulation of Circular RNA VPS13C-has-circ-001567 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Methylomic Data in Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Cucumber Sex Expression
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is characterized by its diversity and seasonal plasticity in sexual type. A long day length condition significantly decreased the cucumber female flower ratio by 17.7%-52.9%, and the effect of photoperiod treatment is more significant under low temperature than under high temperature. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the photoperiod treatment preferentially significantly influenced flower development processes, particularly MADS-box genes in shoot apices. The long-day treatment resulted in predominantly transposable element (TE)- and gene-associated CHH-types of DNA methylation changes. Nevertheless, there was significant enrichment of CG- and CHG-types of DNA methylation changes nearing transcription start sites (TSSs)/transcription end sites (TESs) and gene bodies, respectively. Predominantly negative association between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed which implied epiregulation of DEGs. Two MADS-box genes that were significantly downregulated by long photoperiod showed significant hypermethylation in promoter regions that is essentially TE-rich. This study indicates MADS-box genes which are partially regulated by promoter methylation state may mediate photoperiod-dependent regulation of cucumber sex expression.
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The Yeast DNA Damage Checkpoint Kinase Rad53 Targets the Exoribonuclease, Xrn1
The highly conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway monitors the genomic integrity of the cell and protects against genotoxic stresses. The apical kinases, Mec1 and Tel1 (ATR and ATM in human, respectively), initiate the DNA damage signaling cascade through the effector kinases, Rad53 and Chk1, to regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling, and transcription. The DDR also regulates other cellular pathways, but direct substrates and mechanisms are still lacking. Using a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified novel targets of Rad53, many of which are proteins that are involved in RNA metabolism. Of the 33 novel substrates identified, we verified that 12 are directly phosphorylated by Rad53 in vitro: Xrn1, Gcd11, Rps7b, Ded1, Cho2, Pus1, Hst1, Srv2, Set3, Snu23, Alb1, and Scp160. We further characterized Xrn1, a highly conserved 5' exoribonuclease that functions in RNA degradation and the most enriched in our phosphoproteomics screen. Phosphorylation of Xrn1 by Rad53 does not appear to affect Xrn1's intrinsic nuclease activity in vitro, but may affect its activity or specificity in vivo.
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Resting frontal EEG asymmetry in adolescents with major depression: impact of disease state and comorbid anxiety disorder
Major Depression (MD) is a severe mental disorder with lifetime prevalence rates of 17% (Kessler et al., 2005), mostly beginning between the ages of 12-18 years (Zisook et al., 2007). Up to 75% of children and adolescents with MD are affected by a depressive disorder as adults (Fombonne et al., 2001). Apart from the well-known diagnostic symptoms such as depressive mood (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), MD is also associated with abnormal approach and withdrawal tendencies (Derntl et al., 2011; Radke et al., 2014), which are reflected in aberrant cognition and behavior, such as e.g.
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Fibromyalgia: increased reactivity of the muscle membrane and a role of central regulation
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition of unknown etiology and unclear pathophysiology. FM is characterized by widespread, especially tendomuscular, pain and generalized hypersensitivity to pain (Mease, 2005; Wolfe and Rasker, 2013; Yunus, 2008). There is evidence of hyperactivation/deregulation at various levels of the central nervous system (Banic et al., 2004; Burgmer et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2016; Desmeules et al., 2003; Gracely et al., 2002; Truini et al., 2015; Yunus, 2008). In addition, there is growing evidence of muscular function disturbance (Ge et al., 2009; Hubbard and Berkoff, 1993; Klaver-Krol, 2017; Vitali et al., 1989).
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Electrophysiological evidence for changes in attentional orienting and selection in functional somatic symptoms
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) or functional somatic symptoms are characterised by unpleasant physical sensations with medical characteristics that do not correspond adequately to any acknowledged medical impairment. The nature of symptoms greatly varies, ranging from headaches, joint weaknesses, back pains, and heart palpitation, to severe cases of temporal blindness, motor paralysis, and even epileptic seizure. However, the underlying cause of MUS remains largely unknown (APA, 2013; Hatcher and Arrol, 2008).
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Predictive Value of Intraoperative Bulbocavernosus Reflex during Untethering Surgery for Post-operative Voiding Function
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) occurs as a result of inelastic structures anchoring the cord. Clinical presentation varies by age, but loss of bladder or bowel control, motor weakness, sensory loss, scoliosis, spasticity, and pain can develop (Frainey et al. 2014). Particularly, sacral function, including bladder and bowel control, as well as sexual function, is one of the major considerations because of its close relationship with quality of life. For treatment, surgical release of the tethered cord is recommended in early diagnosis to prevent functional deterioration (Solmaz et al.
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PREDICTORS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HCV CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS
Despite the dramatic improvement in viral eradication rates that has been reached with direct antiviral agents (DAAs), the real benefit of viral eradication after DAAs on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is still controversial.
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PREDICTORS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HCV CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS
Despite the dramatic improvement in viral eradication rates that has been reached with direct antiviral agents (DAAs), the real benefit of viral eradication after DAAs on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is still controversial.
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Chief John M. Buckman III joins IamResponding as Director of Government and Regional Outreach
Dewitt, New York - IamResponding.com is pleased to announce that Chief John M. Buckman III has joined the IamResponding team as its new Director of Government and Regional Outreach. IamResponding is excited to have Chief Buckman join its team of emergency services professionals and looks forward to working with Chief Buckman to enhance its current product offerings, and to expand its current...
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Molecular profiling of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma using SB transposon mutagenesis [Genetics]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fastest rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Western countries; however, the molecular mechanisms that cause NAFLD-HCC remain elusive. To identify molecular drivers of NAFLD-HCC, we performed Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screens in liver-specific Pten knockout and in high-fat diet-fed mice, which...
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Single-molecule DNA-mapping and whole-genome sequencing of individual cells [Genetics]
To elucidate cellular diversity and clonal evolution in tissues and tumors, one must resolve genomic heterogeneity in single cells. To this end, we have developed low-cost, mass-producible micro-/nanofluidic chips for DNA extraction from individual cells. These chips have modules that collect genomic DNA for sequencing or map genomic structure directly,...
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Sepsis Alliance & NAEMT team-up to combat sepsis
Sepsis Alliance, the nation's leading sepsis organization, and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT) are proud to announce their new partnership to combat sepsis and help save lives. Sepsis is the body's life-threatening reaction to an infection. In the United States, sepsis affects 1.7 million people and takes 270,000 lives. As many as 87% of sepsis cases...
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Association between intraoperative phenylephrine administration and umbilical artery pH in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract
Purpose
In healthy pregnant women undergoing Cesarean section, treatment of post-spinal hypotension (PSH) with phenylephrine is reportedly more efficacious than ephedrine in preventing a decline in umbilical artery pH (UApH), which is an indicator of fetal acidosis. However, phenylephrine has the potential to reduce placental blood flow and consequently decrease UApH in women who develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), due to decreased cardiac function and placental vascular abnormalities. We aimed to verify the association between decreased UApH and phenylephrine administered before delivery to treat PSH in women with HDP.
Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted between April 2008 and October 2016 by assessing the records of pregnant women with confirmed or suspected HDP who underwent Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The association between phenylephrine and the primary endpoint of decreased UApH was investigated using logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching.
Results
In the original cohort of 107 pregnant women with HDP, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis indicated a significant association between phenylephrine treatment and decreased UApH [crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–6.77; P = 0.14], (adjusted OR = 1.80; 95% CI 0.55–5.93; P = 0.33). Thirty patients each who were not treated with phenylephrine (control group) and were treated with phenylephrine (phenylephrine group) were matched by propensity score analysis. UApH [median (interquartile range)] was not significantly different between control and phenylephrine groups [7.30 (7.25–7.35) vs. 7.27 (7.25–7.30); P = 0.14].
Conclusion
Intraoperative phenylephrine administration to treat PSH in women with HDP was not associated with decreased UApH.
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Pulsara unveiling major new features of its platform at EMS World 2018 in Nashville
BOZEMAN, Mont. — Pulsara will be unveiling critical new elements of its technology during the EMS World Expo conference this week in Nashville. Pulsara provides a real-time communication network in hospitals and across entities and regions—driving quality improvement and better patient coordination. The technology solution is being used by regional healthcare systems across the U.S....
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Theoretical Analysis of the Peculiarities of Motor Control at Generation of Two-joint Isometric Efforts by the Human Upper Limb
The biomechanical analysis of the functioning of a two-articular manipulator as a model of the human upper limb at generation of two-joint muscle efforts by the hand within a horizontal plane has been performed; the shoulder and elbow joints and the hand were also situated within this plane. Possible patterns of the motor commands at changes of the direction and magnitude of the produced effort in the case where the torque with respect to one of the joints remains constant have been analyzed. The possibility of using of a superposition principle for motor commands at different time courses of the generated efforts is also considered. Certain assumptions with respect to production of maximum efforts of different directions are put forward; these assumptions are based on the results of biomechanical analysis of the two-articular manipulator. Ideas of some experiments supposedly allowing researchers to better understand the principles of motor control are proposed. The mathematical apparatus for analysis and practical calculations of the parameters of the analyzed isometric motor task is described.
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Estimating radiological exposure of wildlife in the field
Publication date: Available online 29 October 2018
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): Karine Beaugelin-Seiller, Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace, Nicholas A. Beresford
Abstract
The assessment of the ecological impact due to radionuclides at contaminated sites requires estimation of the exposure of wildlife, in order to correlate radiation dose with known radiological effects. The robust interpretation of field data requires consideration of possible confounding effects (e.g., from the tsunami at Fukushima) and an accurate and relevant quantification of radiation doses to biota. Generally, in field studies the exposure of fauna and flora has often been characterised as measurements of the ambient dose rate or activity concentrations in some components of the environment. The use of such data does not allow the establishment of a robust dose-effect relationship for wildlife exposed to ionising radiation in the field. Effects of exposure to radioactivity depend on the total amount of energy deposited into exposed organisms, which is estimated by adding doses (or dose rates) for all radionuclides and exposure pathways.
Realistic dose estimation needs to reflect the entire story of the organisms of interest during their whole exposure period. The process of identifying and collecting all the related information should allow the "W" questions (Which organisms are exposed, Where, When and hoW) to be answered. Some parameters are well known to influence dose (rate): the organism life stage, its ecological characteristics (e.g. habitat, behaviour), the source term properties (e.g. discharging facility, nature of radiation), etc. The closer the collated data are to the ideal data set, the more accurate and realistic the dose (rate) assessment will be. This means characterising each exposure pathway (internal and external), the activity concentration in each exposure source, the time each organism spends in a given place, as well as the associated dose. In this paper the process of data collation in view of dose reconstruction is illustrated for Japanese birds exposed to radioactive deposition following the Fukushima accident. With respect to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone we will also consider variability under field conditions, availability of relevant datasets and options for better estimating internal and external doses received by wildlife.
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Aflatoxin B1 metabolism: regulation by phase I and II metabolizing enzymes and chemoprotective agents
Publication date: Available online 29 October 2018
Source: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Jiang Deng, Zhao Ling, Zhang Ni-Ya, Niel Alexander Karrow, Steven Krumm Christopher, Qi De-Sheng, Sun Lv-Hui
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) widely contaminates staple food and feed crops and is well-known as the most potent natural hepatocarcinogen in humans and domesticated animals. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the pivotal role of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes in the bioactivation and detoxification of AFB1 and its metabolites across species. In humans, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP3 A4, CYP3 A5, and CYP3 A7 in liver and CYP2A13 in lung are essential for the bioactivation of AFB1 to the extremely toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), whereas CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3 A4 are important in the turkey and duck, CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 are important in the chicken and quail, CYP3 A11 and CYP3 A13 are important in mice, and CYP2A5 are important in the hamster. In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Additionally, microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and aflatoxin-aldehyde reductase (AFAR) have also been shown to play key roles in AFB1 detoxification in the human, rat, and pig. Moreover, an overview of the chemoprotective agents, including synthetic compounds and naturally occurring plant compounds, which can be used to reduce aflatoxicosis is provided based on their ability to regulate these key enzymes. Collectively, this review summarizes the pivotal enzymes in the metabolism of AFB1 among humans, experimental and farm animals, as well as the chemoprotective agents that can be used to minimize risk of aflatoxicosis.
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The somatosensory mismatch negativity as a window into body representations in infancy
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2018
Source: International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Guannan Shen, Staci M. Weiss, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Peter J. Marshall
Abstract
How the body is represented in the developing brain is a topic of growing interest. The current study takes a novel approach to investigating neural body representations in infants by recording somatosensory mismatch negativity (sMMN) responses elicited by tactile stimulation of different body locations. Recent research in adults has suggested that sMMN amplitude may be influenced by the relative distance between representations of the stimulated body parts in somatosensory cortex. The current study uses a similar paradigm to explore whether the sMMN can be elicited in infants, and to test whether the infant sMMN response is sensitive to the somatotopic organization of somatosensory cortex. Participants were healthy infants (n = 31) aged 6 and 7 months. The protocol leveraged a discontinuity in cortical somatotopic organization, whereby the representations of the neck and the face are separated by representations of the arms, the hands and the shoulder. In a double-deviant oddball protocol, stimulation of the hand (100 trials, 10% probability) and neck (100 trials, 10% probability) was interspersed among repeated stimulation of the face (800 trials, 80% probability). Waveforms showed evidence of an infant sMMN response that was significantly larger for the face/neck contrast than for the face/hand contrast. These results suggest that, for certain combinations of body parts, early pre-attentive tactile discrimination in infants may be influenced by distance between the corresponding cortical representations. The results provide the first evidence that the sMMN can be elicited in infants, and pave the way for further applications of the sMMN in studying body representations in preverbal infants.
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Longitudinal trends in renal function in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving oral antiviral treatment
Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Diabetes, plasma glucose, and incidence of fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer: A prospective study of 0.5 million people
Hepatology
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A study of the circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 as a novel noninvasive biomarker of hepatic injury in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C: Egyptian patients and their response to direct-acting antiviral agents
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology
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Risk factors of bloodstream infections in recipients after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis
Infection
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Determinants and Outcomes of Late Presentation of HIV Infection in Migrants in Catalonia, Spain: PISCIS Cohort 2004–2016
Abstract
This study using the Catalan PISCIS cohort explores risk factors of migrants' late presentation and the impact of late presentation on their health outcomes. We analyse 9590 new HIV diagnoses enrolled in the cohort between 2004 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models are used to identify risk factors associated with late presentation among migrants, giving crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Cox regression models are estimated to identify risk factors associated with AIDS/death, and crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Late presentation is higher in migrants than non-migrants. Among migrants, region of origin is associated with late presentation and AIDS/death during follow-up. The results highlight persisting inequalities in HIV diagnosis and care among migrants in Catalonia. Targeted interventions addressed to specific subgroups in the migrant population are needed.
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Auditory sensitivity exhibits sexual dimorphism and seasonal plasticity in music frogs
Abstract
Seasonal changes in the structure and function of the vertebrate brain have been described in many species, particularly in seasonal breeders. However, it remains unclear whether sexual dimorphism varies between breeding seasons for specific brain regions. Auditory event-related potential (ERP) changes were evaluated in the Emei music frog (Babina daunchina) to assess sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations in auditory sensitivity. An acoustic playback experiment using an oddball paradigm design was conducted, in which two conspecific call types were used as deviant stimuli with synthesized white noise as standard stimulus. ERP components were analyzed for the telencephalon and mesencephalon of both sexes in the non-reproductive and reproductive states. Results show that auditory sensitivity is modulated by reproductive status, implying that seasonal plasticity is involved in auditory perception. Moreover, the amplitude of the N1 ERP component (mean amplitudes during the interval occurring 30–130 ms after stimulus onset) is higher in females for the telencephalon and higher in males for the mesencephalon, regardless of reproductive status and acoustic stimulus type. These results show that auditory ERP responses for specific brain regions exhibit sexual dimorphism in the absence of exogenous sexual stimulation during both the two reproductive states in the music frog.
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Frequency of medication error in pediatric anesthesia: A systematic review and meta‐analytic estimate
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Enrollment challenges in multicenter, international studies: The example of the GAS trial
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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The power of N‐PASS, aEEG, and BIS in detecting different levels of sedation in neonates: A preliminary study
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Performance of blow‐by methods in delivering oxygen to pediatric patients during transport: A laboratory study
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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A retrospective comparison of propofol to dexmedetomidine for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging sedation in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Anesthetic considerations for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided right‐heart catheterization in pediatric patients: A single institution experience
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed‐dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single‐blind, parallel group trial
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Challenges and hurdles for patient safety in obstetric anesthesia in Japan
Abstract
The use of pain relief for labor has gained popularity in Japan. However, its acceptance is still low among laboring women: only 6.1% of Japanese parturients receive labor analgesia, in contrast with the United States, where approximately 70% receive labor analgesia. Unfortunately, several maternal deaths associated with labor analgesia have been reported in recent years in Japan and how to achieve safer obstetric care is a pressing concern. In this review, we focus on current approaches to labor analgesia in the United States as they compare to existing practices in Japan. We discuss challenges for the introduction and implementation of standard anesthesia practice into the Labor and Delivery Room (LDR; i.e., labor and delivery ward), aiming to secure safety for both mothers and fetus in every part of Japan in the near future.
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A retrospective observational study of acquired subglottic stenosis using low‐pressure, high‐volume cuffed endotracheal tubes
Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.
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Study of QTLs linked to awn length and their relationships with chloroplasts under control and saline environments in bread wheat
Abstract
Introduction
Some studies in wheat showed that awns may have a useful effect on yield, especially under drought stress. Up to this time few researches has identified the awn length QTLs with different effect in salinity stress.
Objective
The primary objective of this study was to examine the additive (a) and the epistatic (aa) QTLs involve in wheat awns length in control and saline environments.
Methods
A F7 RIL population consisting of 319 sister lines, derived from a cross between wheat cultivars Roshan and Falat (seri82), and the two parents were grown in two environments (control and Saline) based on an alpha lattice design with two replications in each environment. At flowering, awn length was measured for each line. For QTL analysis, the linkage map of the ''Roshan × Falat'' population was used, which included 748 markers including 719 DArT, 29 simple sequenced repeats (SSRs). Additive and pleiotropic QTLs were identified. In order to reveal the relationship between the identified QTL for awns length and the role of the gene or genes that it expresses, the awns length locus location and characteristics of its related CDS, gene, UTRs, ORF, exons and Introns were studied using ensemble plant (http://plants.ensembl.org/Triticum_aestivum). Furthermore, the promoter analysis has been done using NSITE-PL.
Results
We identified 6 additive QTLs for awn length by QTL Cartographer program using single-environment phenotypical values. Also, we detected three additive and two epistatic QTLs for awn length by the QTLNetwork program using multi-environment phenotypical values. Our results showed that none of the additive and epistatic QTLs had interactions with environment. One of the additive QTLs located on chromosome 4A was co-located with QTLs for number of sterile spikelet per spike in both environment and number of seed per spike in control environment.
Coclusion
Studies of the locus linked to the awns length QTL revealed the role of awn and its chloroplasts in grain filing during abiotic stress could be enhanced by over expression of some genes like GTP-Binding proteins which are enriched in chloroplasts encoded by genes included wPt-5730 locus.
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Effect of partial head extension swallowing exercise on the strength of the suprahyoid and tongue muscles in healthy subjects: A feasibility study
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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Issue Information
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 12, Page ii-iv, December 2018.
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Cover Image
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 12, Page i-i, December 2018.
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Bruxism—What is missing in the new consensus definition?
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 12, Page 921-921, December 2018.
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How to label bruxism that is a sign of a disorder? That's the question! Response to letter by Meira e Cruz & Ettlin (2018)
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 45, Issue 12, Page 922-923, December 2018.
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Tongue pressure distribution of individual normal occlusions and exploration of related factors
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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Organ blood flow and O2 transport during hypothermia (27°C) and rewarming in a pig model
Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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Carotid bodies contribute to sympathoexcitation induced by acute salt overload
Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
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