No abstract available
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Δευτέρα 4 Απριλίου 2016
Intravascular volume therapy in adults: Guidelines from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany.
No abstract available
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The quest for the holy volume therapy.
No abstract available
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Reply to: does a deep neuromuscular blockade affect pain after laparoscopic surgery?.
No abstract available
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Important Mutations Contributing to High-Level Penicillin Resistance in Taiwan19F-14, Taiwan23F-15, and Spain23F-1 of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Taiwan
Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Dynamic RSA: Examining parasympathetic regulatory dynamics via vector-autoregressive modeling of time-varying RSA and heart period
Abstract
Expanding on recently published methods, the current study presents an approach to estimating the dynamic, regulatory effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart period on a moment-to-moment basis. We estimated second-to-second variation in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in order to estimate the contemporaneous and time-lagged relationships among RSA, interbeat interval (IBI), and respiration rate via vector autoregression. Moreover, we modeled these relationships at lags of 1 s to 10 s, in order to evaluate the optimal latency for estimating dynamic RSA effects. The IBI (t) on RSA (t-n) regression parameter was extracted from individual models as an operationalization of the regulatory effect of RSA on IBI—referred to as dynamic RSA (dRSA). Dynamic RSA positively correlated with standard averages of heart rate and negatively correlated with standard averages of RSA. We propose that dRSA reflects the active downregulation of heart period by the parasympathetic nervous system and thus represents a novel metric that provides incremental validity in the measurement of autonomic cardiac control—specifically, a method by which parasympathetic regulatory effects can be measured in process.
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Lifestyle Interventions Including Nutrition, Exercise, and Supplements for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease among children. Lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, are frequently recommended. Children with NAFLD have a distinct physiology that is different from obesity alone and has the potential to influence lifestyle treatments. Studies of diet alone in the treatment of pediatric NAFLD have focused on sugar and carbohydrate, but did not indicate any one dietary approach that was superior to another. For children who are obese and have NAFLD, weight loss may have a beneficial effect regardless of the diet used. Exercise is widely believed to improve NAFLD because a sedentary lifestyle, poor aerobic fitness, and low muscle mass are all risk factors for NAFLD. However, there have been no randomized controlled trials of exercise as a treatment for children with NAFLD. Studies of the combination of diet and exercise suggest a potential for improvement in serum alanine aminotransferase activity and/or magnetic resonance imaging liver fat fraction with intervention. There is also enthusiasm for the use of dietary supplements; however, studies in children have shown inconsistent effects of vitamin E, fish oil, and probiotics. This review presents the available data from studies of lifestyle intervention and dietary supplements published to date and highlights challenges that must be addressed in order to advance the evidence base for the treatment of pediatric NAFLD.
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Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke
Link to instrument: Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke
Acronym:
PASS
Purpose:
It is a 12 item performance-based scale used for assessing and monitoring postural control following stroke.
Description:
The scale comprises of 12 items with increasing difficulty which measure balance in lying, sitting and standing
It is specially designed for individuals with stroke regardless of their postural competence.
It is especially sensitive for assessment of postural control in the first 3 months and can discriminate between right and left brain damage in individuals with stroke.
It measures the ability of an individual with stroke to maintain stable postures and equilibrium during positional changes
It consists of a 4 point scale where the items are scored from 0 to 3 and the total scoring ranges from 0 to 36.
ICF Domain: Activity
Length of Test: 06 to 30 Minutes
Time to Administer:
10 minutes
Number of Items: 12 items
Equipment Required:
50cm-high examination table (e.g. Bobath plane)
Stop watch
Pen
Training Required:
No specific manual or training required, but it is essential that the clinician using the scale must be aware of balance impairments and safety issues following stroke
Type of training required: No Training
Cost: Free
Actual Cost:
Cost of equipment
Diagnosis: Stroke
Populations Tested:
Stroke patients
Standard Error of Measurement (SEM):
Searched 'Standard error of measurement (SEM) and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Chronic Stroke: (Liaw et al, 2008; n=52; mean age= 60.4(13.4);time since stroke- 6 to 292 months)
1.14 points
Acute Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007b; n=287; mean age= 65.5(11.3); 14 days post stroke)
2.4 points (+ 4.7 points, 95% CI)
Minimal Detectable Change (MDC):
Searched 'Minimal Detectable change (MDC) and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Sub-acute Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007a; n=40; mean age=58.6+/-12.0)
MDC at an individual score level: 2.22 points (95% CI)
MDC at a group score level: 0.50 points (95% CI)
Chronic Stroke: (Liaw et al, 2008)
Smallest Real Difference (SRD) of PASS: 3.2 points
Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID):
Searched 'Minimally Clinically important Difference (MCID) and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Not Established
Cut-Off Scores:
Searched 'Cut-off scores and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Not Established
Normative Data:
Searched 'Normative data and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Healthy older adults: (Benaim et al, 1999; n=30; mean age= 63.3+/- 1.5 years)
Mean PASS score =35.7 points, range= 32 to 36 points
Test-retest Reliability:
Searched 'Test-retest reliability and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Chronic Stroke:
Excellent test-retest reliability (Intra Class Coefficient (ICC)=0.84) (Chien et al, 2007a)
Excellent relative test-retest reliability (ICC=0.97) over 7 days (Liaw et al, 2008) Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:
Interrater reliability:
Searched 'Interrater reliability and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Benaim et al, 1999; n=12; 30 and 90 days post stroke; acute and sub-acute stroke)
Adequate to excellent inter-rater reliability for individual items (average alpha=0.88, range 0.64-1)
Excellent inter-rater reliability for total score (r=0.99, p<0.001)
Acute Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002; n=112;mean age=69.3+/-11.2; 14 days post stroke)
Adequate to excellent inter-rater reliability for individual items(median alpha=0.88, range 0.61-0.96)
Excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.95-0.98)) for total score.
Acute Stroke: (Hsieh et al, 2002; n=169; mean age= 66.8(11.3))
Excellent inter-rater reliability of the trunk control items (PASS-TC: items 1,6,7,8,9 ICC =0.97)
Intrarater reliability:
Searched 'Intrarater reliability and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Benaim et al, 1999)
Good intrarater reliability for individual items (average k=0.72, range 0.45-1)
Excellent intrarater reliability for total score (r=0.98, p<0.001) Internal Consistency:
Searched 'Internal consistency and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke:
Excellent internal consistency ( Cronbach's alpha= 0.95) (Benaim et al, 1999)
Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha= 0.94-0.96) at 14, 30, 90 and 180 days post stroke (Mao et al, 2002)
Acute Stroke:
Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha= 0.93-0.94)(Hseih et al, 2002)
Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha= 0.96) at 14 days post stroke (Chien et al, 2007b)
Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent):
Concurrent validity:
Searched 'Concurrent validity and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002)
Excellent relationship with Fugl-Meyer Assessment modified balance scale (FMA-B) (p=0.95-0.97) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (p=0.92-0.95)
Stroke: (Wang et al,2004; n=77; mean age= 59.8(11.9);14, 30 and 90 days post stroke, acute and sub-acute stroke)
Excellent relationship between all measures (PASS, PASS-3P, BBS and BBS-3P) (rho>/=0.91, P<0.0001)
Excellent relationship with BBS (p=0.94,P<0.0001) and with PASS-3P (p=0.94,P<0.0001; ICC=0.97, 95%CI 0.96-0.98)
Acute Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007b)
Excellent relationship with the Short Form PASS (SFPASS)(ICC=0.98;96% variance)in 287 individuals at 14 days post stroke
Excellent relationship with the SFPASS (ICC=0.98) in 179 individuals with stroke
Acute Stroke: (Di Monaco et al, 2010; n=60; mean age= 68.0(12.2); mean time post stroke= 21.4 (13.3)days)
Excellent relationship with the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) (p=0.849, P<0.001)
Predictive validity:
Searched 'Predictive validity and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Benaim et al, 1999)
Good predictive validity of PASS total score (r=0.75,p<0.001), transfer items (r=0.74,p<0.006) and locomotion items (r=0.71,p<0.001) at 30 days post stroke when compared with Functional Independence measure (FIM) scores at 90 days post stroke
Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002)
Excellent predictive validity of PASS (p=0.86-0.90) at 14, 30 and 90 days post stroke when compared with the walking subscale of the Motor Assessment Scale at 180 days post stroke
Stroke: (Hsieh et al, 2002)
Excellent predictive validity of the trunk control items of PASS (PASS-TC: items 1,6,7,8,9) (r=0.68,p<0.001) at 14 days post stroke when compared with Barthel Index (BI) and Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) at 6 months post stroke
Stroke: (Wang et al, 2004;n=226 and n=202;14 and 30 days post stroke)
Excellent predictive validity of PASS and modified PASS that used 3-level scale (12-item PASS-3P) at 14 days (p=0.78) and 30 days (p=0.82) post-stroke when compared with BI scores at 90 days post-stroke
Acute Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007b)
Adequate predictive validity of PASS (r=0.49) and SFPASS (r=0.48) at 14 days post-stroke when compared with BI scores at 90 days post-stroke
Excellent predictive validity of PASS (r=0.83) and SFPASS (0.82) on replication of the process in 179 individuals following stroke on admission to rehabilitation with BI scores on discharge from hospital
Acute Stroke: (Di Monaco et al, 2010)
Excellent predictive validity of PASS (p=0.687,p<0.001)on admission to inpatient rehabilitation when compared with FIM discharge scores
Stroke: (Yu et al, 2012; n=85)
Sufficient predictive validity of PASS, when compared with BI (r2=0.39,p<0.001) and Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement mobility subscale (MO-STREAM) (r2=0.63,p<0.001 ) discharge scores
Construct Validity (Convergent/Discriminant):
Searched 'Convergent validity and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Benaim et al, 1999)
Excellent correlations between PASS and FIM total score (r=0.73), transfer tasks (r=0.82) and locomotor tasks (r=0.73); and motricity scores of lower limb (r=0.78) and upper limb (r=0.63)
Adequate negative correlations with the star cancellation test of spatial inattention (r=0.53) and lower limb pressure sensitivity (r=0.45) as well as upper limb pressure sensitivity (r=0.42)
Adequate negative correlations with measurement of postural stabilization (r=0.48) and postural orientation with respect to gravity (r=0.36) (Benaim et al, 1999; n=31; 90 days post stroke)
Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002)
Excellent convergent validity between PASS and BI (p= 0.88-0.92)
Stroke: (Hsieh et al, 2002)
Excellent convergent validity of PASS-TC with BI (r=0.89) and with the Fugl-Meyer balance test (FM-B) (r=0.73)
Stroke: (Wang et al, 2004)
Excellent convergent validity of the PASS and PASS 3P with BI (p=0.84, p= 0.82 respectively)
Stroke: (Chien et al,2007b)
Excellentcorrelations between the PASS, SF PASS and BI, (PASS R=0.87; SFPASS r=0.86) and between the PASS, SFPASS and FIM (PASS r=0.75; SFPASS r=0.75)
Content Validity:
Searched 'Content validity and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Not established
Face Validity:
Searched 'Content validity and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Not established
Floor/Ceiling Effects:
Searched 'Floor and ceiling effects and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Benaim et al, 1999; n=58; 30 and 90 days post stroke )
Large ceiling effects at 90 days post stroke (38%)
Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002;14, 30, 90 and 180 days post stroke)
Adequatefloor and ceiling effects at all time points (floor effect range 2.2-3.8%; ceiling effect range 3.3-17.5%)
Responsiveness:
Searched 'Responsiveness and PASS' in Google Scholar, Medline-EBSCO, CINAHL, PUBMED, and StrokEngine.
Stroke: (Mao et al, 2002)
Large responsiveness of PASS from 14-30 days (Effect Size (ES)=0.89)
Moderate responsiveness from 30-90 days (ES=0.64)
Low responsiveness from 90-180 days (ES=0.31)
Large overall responsiveness from 14-180 days (ES=1.12)
Large responsiveness from 14-180 days (ES=1.54) in severe stroke
Stroke: (Wang et al, 2004; n=202 and n=167; 14,30and 90 days post stroke)
Large responsiveness of the PASS and PASS-3P from 14-30 days post stroke (Standard Response Mean (SRM) =0.84 and 0.86 respectively) and from 14-90 days post stroke (SRM=1.02 and 1.04 respectively)
Moderate responsiveness from 30-90 days post stroke (SRM=0.65 and 0.67 respectively)
Moderate responsiveness of PASS and PASS-3P (PASS SRM range 0.43-0.78; PASS-3P SRM range 0.46-0.78) in individuals with mild stroke (Fugl Meyer motor assessment (FM) score of 80 or greater)
Moderate to large responsiveness (PASS SRM range 0.52-1.12; PASS -3P SRM range 0.56-1.19) in individuals with moderate stroke (FM score 36 to 79)
Large responsiveness (PASS SRM range 0.92-1.35; PASS-3P SRM range 0.92-1.34) in individuals with severe stroke (FM score 0 to 35)
Large responsiveness of both measures in the period of 14-30 days and 14-90 days post stroke as compared to 30-90 days post stroke.
Sub-acute Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007a)
Small responsiveness of the PASS (d=0.41) over an interval of 2 weeks
Stroke: (Chien et al, 2007b)
Small responsiveness of the PASS (ES=0.42)
Small responsiveness of the PASS (ES=0.43) (Chien et al, 2007b; n=179 ; admission to rehabilitation to discharge from hospital)
Stroke: (Yu et al, 2012; n=85; individuals with stroke from admission to discharge)
Adequate internal responsiveness of PASS(d=0.87)
Sufficient external responsiveness(ic=0.44, r2=0.20, p<0.001), (ic=0.77, r2=0.59, p<0.001) to changes in function (BI changes scores) and changes in mobility (MO-STREAM change scores)
Considerations:
This scale is easy to administer with no special requirement.
Any clinician can easily, rapidly and confidently administer the scale.
However, the clinician must have the understanding of balance impairments and safety issues that are seen following stroke.
It is more sensitive for assessment of stroke in the first 3 months and can discriminate between patients with right and left brain damage.
Bibliography:
Benaim C, Pérennou DA, Villy J, Rousseaux M, Pelissier JY. Validation of a standardized assessment of postural control in stroke patients: the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS). Stroke. 1999;30(9):1862-8.
Chien CW, Hu MH, Tang PF, Sheu CF, Hsieh CL. A comparison of psychometric properties of the smart balance master system and the postural assessment scale for stroke in people who have had mild stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007a;88(3):374-80.
Chien CW, Lin JH, Wang CH, Hsueh IP, Sheu CF, Hsieh CL. Developing a Short Form of the Postural Assessment Scale for people with Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007b;21(1):81-90.
Di monaco M, Trucco M, Di monaco R, Tappero R, Cavanna A. The relationship between initial trunk control or postural balance and inpatient rehabilitation outcome after stroke: a prospective comparative study. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24(6):543-54.
Hsieh CL, Sheu CF, Hsueh IP, Wang CH. Trunk control as an early predictor of comprehensive activities of daily living function in stroke patients. Stroke. 2002;33(11):2626-30.
Liaw LJ, Hsieh CL, Hsu MJ, Chen HM, Lin JH, Lo SK. Test-retest reproducibility of two short-form balance measures used in individuals with stroke. Int J Rehabil Res. 2012;35(3):256-62.
Liaw LJ, Hsieh CL, Lo SK, Chen HM, Lee S, Lin JH. The relative and absolute reliability of two balance performance measures in chronic stroke patients. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(9):656-61.
Mao HF, Hsueh IP, Tang PF, Sheu CF, Hsieh CL. Analysis and comparison of the psychometric properties of three balance measures for stroke patients. Stroke. 2002;33(4):1022-7.
Persson CU, Hansson PO, Danielsson A, Sunnerhagen KS. A validation study using a modified version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients: Postural Stroke Study in Gothenburg (POSTGOT). J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2011;8:57.
Wang CH, Hsueh IP, Sheu CF, Yao G, Hsieh CL. Psychometric properties of 2 simplified 3-level balance scales used for patients with stroke. Phys Ther. 2004;84(5):430-8.
Yu WH, Hsueh IP, Hou WH, Wang YH, Hsieh CL. A comparison of responsiveness and predictive validity of two balance measures in patients with stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2012;44(2):176-80.
Available at: http://ift.tt/1qlXq9v. Accessed September 25, 2014.
Available at: http://ift.tt/20214Bg. Accessed September 17, 2014.
Available at: http://ift.tt/1qlXohF. Accessed September 25, 2014.
Available at: http://ift.tt/20214Bi. Accessed September 20, 2014.
Available at: http://ift.tt/1qlXohI. Accessed September 27, 2014.
Available at: http://ift.tt/20214Bk. Accessed September 27, 2014.
Instrument in PDF Format: Yes
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The Chondrogenic Effect of Intra-articular Hypertonic-dextrose (prolotherapy) in Severe Knee Osteoarthritis
Dextrose injection is reported to improve KOA-related clinical outcomes, but its effect on articular cartilage is unknown. A chondrogenic effect of dextrose injection has been proposed.
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Oral physiology, nutrition and quality of life in diabetic patients associated or not with hypertension and beta-blockers therapy
Summary
The relationship between type 2 diabetes oral physiology, nutritional intake and quality of life has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes – exclusive or associated with hypertension with beta-blockers treatment – on oral physiology, mastication, nutrition and quality of life. This cross-sectional study was performed with 78 complete dentate subjects (15 natural teeth and six masticatory units minimum; without removable or fixed prostheses), divided into three groups: diabetics (DM) (n = 20; 45·4 ± 9·5 years), diabetics with hypertension and receiving beta-blockers treatment (DMH) (n = 19; 41·1 ± 5·1 years) and controls (n = 39; 44·5 ± 11·7 years) matched for gender, age and socioeconomic status. Blood glucose, masticatory performance, swallowing threshold, taste, food intake, stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity of saliva were assessed. Glycemia was higher in DM than in controls (P < 0·01). No differences were observed between DM and controls for nutrition and quality of life. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were lower in DMH (P < 0·01), which also presented the lowest number of teeth and masticatory units (P < 0·0001), and reduction in the number of chewing cycles (P < 0·01). Controls showed lower Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index (DMFT) scores in comparison with DMH (P = 0·021). Masticatory performance and saliva buffering capacity were similar among groups. Exclusive type 2 diabetes did not alter oral physiology, nutrition or quality of life. However, when hypertension and beta-blockers treatment were associated with diabetes, the salivary flow rate, chewing cycles and number of teeth decreased.
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Lentivirus-Mediated Knockdown of CTHRC1 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Migration
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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The selection of core international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) categories for patient reported outcome measurement in spine trauma patients – results of an international consensus process
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Anatomic variation of the vertebral artery
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CSF leak after coccyx fracture
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Cystic lesion of the ventriculus terminalis accompanied by split cord malformation
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Finger-shaped sesamoid bones aligned within the nuchal ligament
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Refining the Y chromosome phylogeny with southern African sequences
Abstract
The recent availability of large-scale sequence data for the human Y chromosome has revolutionized analyses of and insights gained from this non-recombining, paternally inherited chromosome. However, the studies to date focus on Eurasian variation, and hence the diversity of early-diverging branches found in Africa has not been adequately documented. Here, we analyze over 900 kb of Y chromosome sequence obtained from 547 individuals from southern African Khoisan- and Bantu-speaking populations, identifying 232 new sequences from basal haplogroups A and B. We identify new clades in the phylogeny, an older age for the root, and substantially older ages for some individual haplogroups. Furthermore, while haplogroup B2a is traditionally associated with the spread of Bantu speakers, we find that it probably also existed in Khoisan groups before the arrival of Bantu speakers. Finally, there is pronounced variation in branch length between major haplogroups; in particular, haplogroups associated with Bantu speakers have significantly longer branches. Technical artifacts cannot explain this branch length variation, which instead likely reflects aspects of the demographic history of Bantu speakers, such as recent population expansion and an older average paternal age. The influence of demographic factors on branch length variation has broader implications both for the human Y phylogeny and for similar analyses of other species.
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State health officials urged to get ready now for Zika in U.S.
So far, there have been no Zika infections in the U.S.; more than 300 illnesses have been reported, all linked to travel to Zika outbreak regions
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IBM reviews Memphis Fire Dept. EMS data for opportunities to reduce 911 calls
Memphis is looking at data-driven backing for community paramedicine or even a public-shaming campaign to rein in costs
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SUV hits Texas ambulance, drives away
The vehicle was later located near a mall but police did not find the driver; no one was injured in the collision
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Last call: Haynes Life Flight 2
A short video in regards to the Haynes Life Flight air ambulance crash March 26, 2015. In memoriam.
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Last call: Haynes Life Flight 2
A short video in regards to the Haynes Life Flight air ambulance crash March 26, 2015. In memoriam.
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A role for TENM1 mutations in Congenital General Anosmia
Abstract
Congenital general anosmia (CGA) is a neurological disorder entailing a complete innate inability to sense odors. While the mechanisms underlying vertebrate olfaction have been studied in detail, there are still gaps in our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of innate olfactory disorders. Applying whole-exome sequencing to a family multiply affected with CGA, we identified three members with a rare X-linked missense mutation in the TENM1 (teneurin 1) gene (ENST00000422452:c.C4829T). In Drosophila melanogaster, TENM1 functions in synaptic-partner-matching between axons of olfactory sensory neurons and target projection neurons and is involved in synapse organization in the olfactory system. We used CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate a Tenm1 disrupted mouse model. Tenm1−/− and point-mutated Tenm1A/A adult mice were shown to have an altered ability to locate a buried food pellet. Tenm1A/A mice also displayed an altered ability to sense aversive odors. Results of our study, that describes a new Tenm1 mouse, agree with the hypothesis that TENM1 has a role in olfaction. However, additional studies should be done in larger CGA cohorts, to provide statistical evidence that loss-of-function mutations in TENM1 can solely cause the disease in our and other CGA cases.
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Zooming in on the genesis of atherosclerotic plaque microcalcifications
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence conclusively demonstrates that calcium burden is a significant predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. These observations have challenged the previously held notion that calcification serves to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque. Recent studies have shown that microcalcifications that form within the fibrous cap of the plaques lead to the accrual of plaque-destabilizing mechanical stress. Given the association between calcification morphology and cardiovascular outcomes, it is important to understand the mechanisms leading to calcific mineral deposition and growth from the earliest stages. We highlight the open questions in the field of cardiovascular calcification and include a review of the proposed mechanisms involved in extracellular vesicle-mediated mineral deposition.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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ASTIGMATIC CHANGES FOLLOWING PTOSIS CORRECTION SURGERY IN 30 CONSECUTIVE CHILDREN SEEN IN A REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
2016-04-04T02-14-33Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Garima Agrawal, Swati Ravani.
Introduction: Astigmatic changes induced by upper lid repositioning may be a cause of blurred vision after upper eyelid procedures. We designed a study to document the astigmatic changes after ptosis correction surgery in children. Aim: The study aims at documenting the changes in astigmatism after ptosis correction surgery in 30 consecutive children seen in a Regional Institute of Ophthalmology. Material and Methods: 30 consecutive paediatric patients (4-12 years of age) of blepharoptosis were enrolled. The patients were subjected to a complete ophthalmic examination and ptosis evaluation. Keratometry and cycloplegic refraction were done pre and post- ptosis correction surgery. Observations and Results: The average pre-operative astigmatism was 1.28 while the average observed post- operative astigmatism was 1.71. The average post- operative change in astigmatism was 0.43 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant astigmatic change following ptosis surgery in children. Mandatory visual acuity testing, refraction and post mydriatic correction are recommended in all paediatric patients with ptosis at the time of presentation and three months post surgery.
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Forage Legumes in Crop-Livestock Mixed Farming Systems: A Review
2016-04-04T01-57-35Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Gezahagn Kebede, Getnet Assefa, Fekede Feyissa, Mengistu Alemayehu.
The future animal agriculture in the country suggests that the greatest opportunity for sustainable increases in agricultural productivity lie in agricultural intensification through the development of mixed crop-livestock farming systems. The linkage in mixed crop-livestock production systems through feed resources particularly legumes which fix N, and provide high quality feed, can enhance both the level and rate of nutrient cycling in the system, leading to increased soil fertility, improve animal nutrition, and increase the overall production and protect the environment, especially where land resource is limited. Forage legumes integration with cereals by intercropping generally results in higher fodder protein yield than that in cereals alone. Intercropped forage legumes have been reported to have significantly higher crude protein and lower fiber contents than their respective sole cereal residues and this could improve their voluntary intake and digestibility by livestock. There are various methods of integrating forage legumes into crop-livestock farming systems. The type of forage crops, food crops grown in the area, the soil type, the rainfall pattern and other social and economic factors determine the method of integration used for a specific farming system and locality. Forage legumes generally can be integrated into crop-livestock production systems by growing the herbaceous species in natural pastures, on arable land, crop rotation with cereals, sequential cropping, intercropping/ under sowing and relay cropping. Generally, the role of forage legumes in the farming system requires studying economic importance as related to farmers benefit, animal performance and the management of natural resource in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Chemical Composition and In-vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach) Accessions in the Mid and Highland Areas of Ethiopia
2016-04-04T01-57-35Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Gezahagn Kebede, Fekede Feyissa, Getnet Assefa, Mengistu Alemayehu, Almayehu Mengistu, Aemiro Kehaliew, Kassahun Melese, Solomon Mengistu, Estifanos Tadesse, Shewangizaw Wolde, Mergia Abera Abera.
Ten accessions of Napier grass were evaluated for their chemical composition and in-vitro organic matter digestibility at Holetta and Areka environmental conditions during 2014 cropping season. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on nutritional qualities were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of SAS and least significance difference was used for mean comparisons. The result showed that Napier grass accessions respond differently for chemical composition and in-vitro organic matter digestibility at both testing environments. The chemical compositions and in-vitro organic matter digestibility indicated that the mean ash, CP, IVOMD, ADF, and cellulose contents were comparatively higher at Holetta than Areka conditions. On the other hand, the mean CP yield, digestible yield, NDF, ADL and hemicellulose contents were higher at Areka than Holetta. The CP and IVOMD were higher in the highlands while CP yield, digestible yield and most fiber components were relatively higher in the mid altitude areas indicating that temperature and amount of rainfall and distribution had an adverse effect on the feed quality of Napier grass. At Holetta, accession 16783 gave the highest ash (153.6 g/kg DM), CP (63.7 g/kg DM) and IVOMD (534.7 g/kg DM) contents. The highest CPY (0.6 t/ha) and DY (5.4 t/ha) was obtained from accession 16791 at Holetta. Similarly, the highest ash (122.2 g/kg DM), CP (66.6 g/kg DM), IVOMD (417.3 g/kg DM), CPY (1.1 t/ha) and DY (7.6 t/ha) was recorded for accession 16815, 16792, 16817, 16815 and 16819 respectively at Areka. The major structural constitutes indicated that accession 16817 and 16794 gave the highest NDF content at Holetta (785.7 g/kg DM) and Areka (836.2 g/kg DM) respectively. The nutritional traits such as ash and ADF contents; ADF and ADL contents; and ADL and hemicellulose contents were significantly and positively correlated with each other. Generally, the accessions had a great variation in most measured nutritional traits due to differential responses of the genotypes to various edaphic, climatic and biotic factors.
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Hepatitis B virus receptors and molecular drug targets
Hepatology International
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Real-world medical costs of antiviral therapy among patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced hepatic fibrosis
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Biopsy and non-invasive methods to assess progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology
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Efficacy of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Diseases of the Esophagus
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Dance therapy combined with patient education improves quality of life of persons with obesity: A pilot feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice
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Ritonavir-boosted danoprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in Asian chronic hepatitis C patients with or without cirrhosis
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Sarcoidosis in celiac disease: A page written by genetic variants in IL-18 miRNAs target site
Medical Hypotheses
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A phase 1 clinical trial of ASG-5ME, a novel drug-antibody conjugate targeting SLC44A4, in patients with advanced pancreatic and gastric cancers
Investigational New Drugs
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A screening algorithm for diagnosing bacterial gastroenteritis by real-time PCR in combination with guided culture
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
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Arterial stiffness in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Hypertension
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Pancreatic cysts in general population on ultrasonography: Prevalence and development of risk score
Journal of Gastroenterology
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Myenteric plexitis is a risk factor for endoscopic and clinical postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection in Crohn's disease
Digestive and Liver Diseases
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Vedolizumab induction therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice
Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Sofosbuvir and simeprevir without ribavirin effectively treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection after liver transplantation in a two-center experience
Clinical Transplantation
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High definition endoscopy with or without I-Scan increases the detection of celiac disease during routine endoscopy
Digestive and Liver Diseases
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Treatment outcomes and validation of the stopping rule for response to peginterferon in chronic hepatitis B: A Thai nationwide cohort study
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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High circulating estrone and low testosterone correlate with adverse clinical outcomes in men with advanced liver disease
Liver International
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Different precore/core mutations of hepatitis B interact with, limit or favor liver fibrosis severity
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Reconsidering the benefit of intermittent versus continuous treatment in the maintenance treatment setting of metastatic colorectal cancer
Cancer Treatment Reviews
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Characterisation of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with viral load and correlation with other viral markers
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Development: A colourful map of cell fate
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.48
Author: Denise Waldron
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Endogenous microRNA sponges: evidence and controversy
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.20
Authors: Daniel W. Thomson & Marcel E. Dinger
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Gene regulation: Optical control of epigenetics
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.40
Author: Ross Cloney
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Resource: A comprehensive catalogue of human RNA-binding protein reagents
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.42
Author: Linda Koch
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Bioinformatics: Taking the epigenome to another dimension
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.44
Author: Linda Koch
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Technique: Transcript tracking by CRISPR
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.41
Author: Darren J. Burgess
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Genetic variation: New tool to map genetic modifiers of transcription factor–gene target connections
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.43
Author: Linda Koch
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