Actinium-225 for Targeted α Therapy: Coordination Chemistry and Current Chelation Approaches

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Lower Limb Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landings Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may not restore lower limb biomechanics during single-limb landings.

Objectives

Our objective was to identify and evaluate differences in lower limb biomechanics during high-demand single-limb landings between the ACLR limb and the contralateral limb and healthy control participants.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using six electronic databases searched until April 2017 for published peer-reviewed studies that investigated lower limb biomechanics on the ACLR limb compared with either the contralateral limb or those of control participants. Meta-analysis with standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed for peak angles and moments (hip, knee and ankle joints) in the sagittal plane during single-limb landing tasks.

Results

A total of 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Four different single-leg landing tasks were identified: forward hop (n = 24 studies), landing from a height (n = 9 studies), vertical hop (n = 4 studies), and diagonal leap (n = 1 study). A reduced peak knee flexion angle was found in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral limb during a forward hop landing task (SMD − 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.59 to − 0.18) and compared with a control group (SMD between − 1.01 and − 0.45) for all three reported single-leg landing tasks: forward hop, landing from a height, and diagonal leap. Similarly, a reduced peak knee internal extensor moment was found in the ACLR limb compared with the contralateral limb for all three reported landing tasks: forward hop, landing from a height, vertical hop (SMD between − 1.43 and − 0.53), and in two of three landing tasks when compared with a control group (SMD between − 1.2 and − 0.52). No significant differences in peak flexion (hip and ankle) angle or peak (hip and ankle) internal extensor moment were found in the ACLR limb compared with both the contralateral limb and a control group.

Conclusions

Participants performed single-limb landings on the ACLR limb with reductions in peak sagittal knee kinematics as well as peak joint moments compared with both the contralateral limb and a control group. Stiffer single-leg landings potentially expose the knee joint to higher forces, which may increase risk of injury. Clinical testing after ACLR surgery should explore movement quality as well as performance of functional tasks.

Level of evidence

Case–control, IV

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The ulnar ratio as a sensitive and specific marker of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is an acute demyelinating neuropathy classically defined as ascending paralysis associated with areflexia (Guillain et al., 1916). Sensory symptoms are common and occur early in the course of the disease, often before the onset of significant motor weakness. Diagnosis is based on a typical clinical picture, characteristic cerebrospinal fluid findings, and evidence of widespread demyelination on nerve conduction studies (NCS). The commonly used electrodiagnostic (EDX) criteria rely exclusively on the motor NCS findings (Ho et al., 1995, Hadden et al., 1998, Van Den Bergh et al., 2004) despite the widely recognized value of sensory abnormalities in the diagnosis of GBS (Albers et al., 1985, Gordon et al., 2001, Kuwabara et al., 2004, Al-Shekhlee et al., 2005, Al‐Shekhlee et al., 2007).

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Accuracy of Genomic Prediction for Foliar Terpene Traits in Eucalyptus polybractea

Unlike agricultural crops, most forest species have not had millennia of improvement through phenotypic selection, but can contribute energy and material resources and possibly help alleviate climate change. Yield gains similar to those achieved in agricultural crops over millennia could be made in forestry species with the use of genomic methods in a much shorter time frame. Here we compare various methods of genomic prediction for eight traits related to foliar terpene yield in Eucalyptus polybractea, a tree grown predominantly for the production of Eucalyptus oil. The genomic markers used in this study are derived from shallow whole genome sequencing of a population of 480 trees. We compare the traditional pedigree-based additive best linear unbiased predictors (ABLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), BayesB genomic prediction model, and a form of GBLUP based on weighting markers according to their influence on traits (BLUP|GA). Predictive ability is assessed under varying marker densities of 10,000, 100,000 and 500,000 SNPs. Our results show that BayesB and BLUP|GA perform best across the eight traits. Predictive ability was higher for individual terpene traits, such as foliar α-pinene and 1,8-cineole concentration (0.59 and 0.73, respectively), than aggregate traits such as total foliar oil concentration (0.38). This is likely a function of the trait architecture and markers used. BLUP|GA was the best model for the two biomass related traits, height and 1 year change in height (0.25 and 0.19, respectively). Predictive ability increased with marker density for most traits, but with diminishing returns. The results of this study are a solid foundation for yield improvement of essential oil producing eucalypts. New markets such as biopolymers and terpene-derived biofuels could benefit from rapid yield increases in undomesticated oil-producing species.

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Erratum: Periphere Regionalanästhesie ohne Komplikationen – Ein Traum wird wahr?!

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther
DOI: 10.1055/a-0629-0254

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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The role of age in pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: same risk of death but different implications for management

Current guidelines do not address the role of age in the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas.

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Breaking bad news: how to cope

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Affluent-Born White Mother’s Descending Neighborhood Income and Infant Mortality: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Objectives To determine whether affluent-born White mother's descending neighborhood income is associated with infant mortality rates (< 365 day, IMR). Methods Stratified and multilevel logistic regression analyses were completed on the Illinois transgenerational dataset of singleton births (1989–1991) to non-Latina White mothers (1956–1976) with an early-life residence in affluent neighborhoods (defined as the fourth quartile of income distribution). The breadth of descending neighborhood income was defined by mother's neighborhood income at the time of delivery. Results Infants of White mothers (n = 4890) who did not suffer descending neighborhood income by the time of delivery had a first-year mortality rate of 5.1/1,000. Infants of White mothers who experienced minor (n = 5112), modest (n = 2158), or extreme (n = 339) descending neighborhood income had IMR of 6.5/1,000, 14.4/1,000, and 11.8/1,000, respectively; RR [95% CI] = 1.3 [0.8, 2.1], 2.8 [1.7, 4.8], and 2.3 [0.8, 6.6], respectively. The incidence of young maternal age, inadequate prenatal care utilization, and cigarette smoking rose as descending neighborhood income increased, p < 0.01. In multilevel logistic regression models, the adjusted (controlling for selected individual-level co-variates) OR [95% CI] of infant mortality for White women with an early-life residence in affluent neighborhoods who subsequently experienced minor or modest to extreme (versus absent) descending neighborhood income equaled 1.0 [0.6, 1.8] and 2.1 [1.1, 3.8] respectively. Conclusions White mother's modest to extreme descending neighborhood income from early-life residence in affluent neighborhoods is associated with a twofold greater risk of infant mortality independent of selected biologic, medical, and behavioral characteristics.

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The ulnar ratio as a sensitive and specific marker of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Publication date: Available online 11 June 2018
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Rechdi Ahdab, Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine, Kamel Mohammedi, Manal Nader, Hela G. Zouari, Tarik Nordine, Alain Créange, Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Samar S. Ayache
ObjectivesTo explore the value of a novel sensory criterion, the ulnar ratio – defined as the SNAP amplitude of the palmar cutaneous (pUN) over that of the dorsal branch (dUN) of the ulnar nerve – as a predictor of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP).MethodsWe prospectively included 22 patients with AIDP, 20 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and 18 controls. Eligible subjects underwent nerve conduction studies including, among others, the dUN, pUN, and sural nerve.ResultsA sural sparing pattern was found in 72% of AIDP cases. The ulnar ratio was significantly lower in patients with AIDP compared to those with DPN or controls. The ROC curve area to discriminate AIDP (versus controls and diabetics together) was higher with the ulnar ratio and pUN compared to dUN. An ulnar ratio ≥ 0.78 seems to be the best threshold to rule out the diagnosis of AIDP, with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 87%. The ulnar ratio was equally reliable in the subgroup of patients presenting within a week of symptoms onset.ConclusionThe ulnar ratio is a highly sensitive and specific marker of AIDP and can help confirm the diagnosis when direct signs of demyelination are lacking.SignificanceIncorporating specific sensory abnormalities, such as the ulnar ratio, in the electrodiagnostic criteria of AIDP could enhance their reliability.



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Prevalence and Perception of Obesity Among Sub-Saharan Africans in Korea

Abstract

There is a dearth of obesity study among sub-Saharan African immigrants in Seoul, Korea. We investigated the prevalence and perception of obesity among this population. A cross-sectional study involving 211 immigrants aged 20 years and above from sub-Saharan Africa was carried out, using a structured questionnaire. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²) was calculated as the primary outcome variable. The overall prevalence of obesity was 27.0% (men 22.6% and women 36.8%). In a logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, obesity was significantly associated with increased duration of residence. Participants were 4.03 (95% CI 1.63–9.94) more likely to disagree than agree that obesity is a sign of wealth and that it gives respect. There is an urgent need to assess the possible factors predisposing sub-Saharan Africans to obesity and interventions should be designed targeting their lifestyle modification for healthy weight.

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Vastus lateralis muscle tissue composition and motor unit properties in chronically endurance-trained vs. sedentary women

Abstract

This study examined motor unit (MU) amplitudes (AP_AMPS) and firing rates during moderate-intensity contractions and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and echo intensity (mEI) of the vastus lateralis (VL) in chronically endurance-trained and sedentary females. Eight endurance-trained (ET) and nine sedentary controls (SED) volunteered for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from a five-pin electrode array were recorded from the VL during isometric trapezoid muscle actions at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Decomposition methods were applied to the EMG signals to extract the firing events and amplitudes of single MUs. The mean firing rate (MFR) during steady force and MUAP_AMP for each MU was regressed against recruitment threshold (RT, expressed as %MVC). The y-intercepts and slopes from the MFR and MUAP_AMP vs. RT relationships were calculated. EMG amplitude during steady force was normalized (N-EMG_RMS) to peak EMG amplitude recorded during the MVC. Ultrasonography was used to measure mCSA and mEI. Significant differences existed between the ET and SED for the slopes (P = 0.005, P = 0.001) from the MFR and MUAP_AMP vs. RT relationships with no differences for the y-intercepts (P > 0.05). N-EMG_RMS was significantly (P = 0.033) lower for the ET than SED. There were no differences between groups for mCSA; however, the SED possessed significantly (P = 0.001) greater mEI. Subsequently, the ET likely possessed hypertrophied and stronger MUs that allowed for lower necessary muscle activation to maintain the same relative task as the SED. The larger MUs for the ET is supported via the MFR vs. RT relationships and ultrasound data.

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Correction to: A mathematical model of the effects of resistance exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy on body composition

There is a typo in the original equation describing lean mass, and it has also been pointed out to the authors that the model is not strictly energy balanced.

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