In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole/Colistin Combination Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates

Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.


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Accounting for Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting in the Computation of Codon Usage Bias Indices

Experimental evidence shows that synonymous mutations can have important consequences on genetic fitness. Many organisms display codon usage bias (CUB), where synonymous codons that are translated into the same amino acid appear with distinct frequency. CUB is thought to arise from selection for translational efficiency and accuracy, termed the translational efficiency hypothesis (TEH). Indeed, CUB indices correlate with protein expression levels, which is widely interpreted as evidence for translational selection. However, these tests neglect -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), an important translational disruption effect found across all organisms of the tree of life. Genes that contain -1 PRF signals should cost more to express than genes without. Thus, CUB indices that do not consider -1 PRF may overestimate genes true adaptation to translational efficiency and accuracy constraints. Here, we first investigate whether -1 PRF signals do indeed carry such translational cost. We then propose two corrections for CUB indices for genes containing -1 PRF signals. We retest the TEH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under these corrections. We find that the correlation between corrected CUB index and protein expression remains intact for most levels of uniform -1 PRF efficiencies, and tends to increase when these efficiencies decline with protein expression. We conclude that the TEH is strengthened and that -1 PRF events constitute a promising and useful tool to examine the relationships between CUB and selection for translation efficiency and accuracy.

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Genomic Structural Variations Within Five Continental Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Chromosomal structural variations (SV) including insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations occur within the genome and can have a significant effect on organismal phenotype. Some of these effects are caused by structural variations containing genes. Large structural variations represent a significant amount of the genetic diversity within a population. We used a global sampling of Drosophila melanogaster (Ithaca, Zimbabwe, Beijing, Tasmania, and Netherlands) to represent diverse populations within the species. We used long-read sequencing and optical mapping technologies to identify SVs in these genomes. Among the five lines examined, we found an average of 2,928 structural variants within these genomes. These structural variations varied greatly in size and location, included many exonic regions, and could impact adaptation and genomic evolution.

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Early Diverging Insect-Pathogenic Fungi of the Order Entomophthorales Possess Diverse and Unique Subtilisin-Like Serine Proteases

Insect-pathogenic fungi use subtilisin-like serine proteases (SLSPs) to degrade chitin-associated proteins in the insect procuticle. Most insect-pathogenic fungi in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) are generalist species with a broad host-range, and most species possess a high number of SLSPs. The other major clade of insect-pathogenic fungi is part of the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina (Zoopagomycota, formerly Zygomycota) which consists of high host-specificity insect-pathogenic fungi that naturally only infect a single or very few host species. The extent to which insect-pathogenic fungi in the order Entomophthorales rely on SLSPs is unknown. Here we take advantage of recently available transcriptomic and genomic datasets from four genera within Entomophthoromycotina: the saprobic or opportunistic pathogens Basidiobolus meristosporus, Conidiobolus coronatus, C. thromboides, C. incongruus, and the host-specific insect pathogens Entomophthora muscae and Pandora formicae, specific pathogens of house flies (Muscae domestica) and wood ants (Formica polyctena), respectively. In total 154 SLSP from six fungi in the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina were identified: E. muscae (n = 22), P. formicae (n = 6), B. meristosporus (n = 60), C. thromboides (n = 18), C. coronatus (n = 36), and C. incongruus (n = 12). A unique group of 11 SLSPs was discovered in the genomes of the obligate biotrophic fungi E. muscae, P. formicae and the saprobic human pathogen C. incongruus that loosely resembles bacillopeptidase F-like SLSPs. Phylogenetics and protein domain analysis show this class represents a unique group of SLSPs so far only observed among Bacteria, Oomycetes and early diverging fungi such as Cryptomycota, Microsporidia, and Entomophthoromycotina. This group of SLSPs is missing in the sister fungal lineages of Kickxellomycotina and the fungal phyla Mucoromyocta, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi suggesting interesting gene loss patterns.

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Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Tolerance to Pythium irregulare in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Pythium root rot is one of the significant diseases of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the United States. The causal agent of the disease is a soil-borne oomycete pathogen Pythium irregulare, the most prevalent and aggressive species of Pythium in North Central United States. However, few studies have been conducted in soybean for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tolerance to P. irregulare. In this study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (designated as POP1 and POP2) were challenged with P. irregulare (isolate CMISO2-5-14) in a greenhouse assay. POP1 and POP2 were derived from 'E09014' x 'E05226-T' and 'E05226-T' x 'E09088', and contained 113 and 79 lines, respectively. Parental tests indicated that 'E05226-T' and 'E09014' were more tolerant than 'E09088', while 'E09088' was highly susceptible to the pathogen. The disease indices, root weight of inoculation (RWI) and ratio of root weight (RRW) of both populations showed near normal distributions, with transgressive segregation, suggesting the involvement of multiple QTL from both parents contributed to the tolerance. All the lines were genotyped using Illumina Infinium BARCSoySNP6K iSelect BeadChip and yielded 1373 and 1384 polymorphic markers for POP1 and POP2, respectively. Notably, despite high density, polymorphic markers coverage was incomplete in some genomic regions. As such, 28 and 37 linkage groups were obtained in POP1 and POP2, respectively corresponding to the 20 soybean chromosomes. Using RRW, one QTL was identified in POP1 on Chromosome 20 that explained 12.7% - 13.3% of phenotypic variation. The desirable allele of this QTL was from 'E05226-T'. Another QTL was found in POP2 on Chromosome 11. It explained 15.4% of the phenotypic variation and the desirable allele was from 'E09088'. However, no QTL were identified using RWI in either population. These results supported that RRW was more suitable to be used to evaluate P.irregulare tolerance in soybean.

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PDC launches academy’s Advanced SEND protocol

Priority Dispatch Corp.™ (PDC™) is excited to announce the release of Advanced SEND, Protocol 38. This latest evolution of the SEND process is now in ProQA® and allows emergency dispatchers to more effectively handle calls for assistance from police officers, sheriffs, security, federal agents, highway patrol, or military police. The protocol walks emergency dispatchers through...

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Validation of wearable visual feedback for retraining foot progression angle using inertial sensors and an augmented reality headset

Gait retraining interventions using real-time biofeedback have been proposed to alter the loading across the knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Despite the demonstrated benefits of these conserva...

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EMS Operations Manager - GAAA

Make A Difference in your community by managing our amazing Emergency Medical Service Team! Galveston County Health District is seeking a new EMS Operations Manager! The right candidate will be responsible for successfully managing daily operational aspects of emergency medical and transport services provided by the Galveston County Health District's Galveston Area Ambulance Authority (GAAA). We can ...

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Back to school: Tourniquet training for high school students

DHS grant to teach tourniquet application puts direct pressure on kids to help other kids during a mass shooting and before EMS arrives

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Patient-centered EMS leadership

Patient-centered care partnerships with patients and family need to start at the top

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New TV series highlights EMS crews on night shift

"Nightwatch Nation" will follow EMS crews around the country while they work the overnight shift

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo Evaluation of Water Percentage as a Prognostic Biomarker Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3D-VIBE Multiecho Dixon

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Understanding explosive diversification through cichlid fish genomics

Understanding explosive diversification through cichlid fish genomics

Understanding explosive diversification through cichlid fish genomics, Published online: 15 August 2018; doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0043-9

The genomes of East African cichlid fish have yielded new insights into adaptive radiation and suggest that specific genomic features underlie their propensity for explosive diversification. The author reviews these findings and the challenges of reconstructing the evolutionary history of rapidly diversifying clades.

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: In Vivo Evaluation of Water Percentage as a Prognostic Biomarker Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3D-VIBE Multiecho Dixon

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.


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Nasal assessment for nasotracheal intubation: A ray of hope.

Related Articles

Nasal assessment for nasotracheal intubation: A ray of hope.

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Apr-Jun;34(2):258-259

Authors: Sinha C, Nanda S, Kumar A, Kumari P

PMID: 30104846 [PubMed]

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Understanding explosive diversification through cichlid fish genomics

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A simple pre-endoscopy score for predicting risk of malignancy in patients with dyspepsia: A 5-year prospective study

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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Prior diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus is infrequent, but associated with improved esophageal adenocarcinoma survival

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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Clinical significance of detectable and quantifiable HCV RNA at the end of treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in GT1 patients

Liver International

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