Kidney Function in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

No abstract available

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Intracellular Localization of Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Influence on the Transport of Gliadin in Enterocytes

Objective: Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder, characterized by the destruction of duodenal epithelium. The CD8+ T cells involved are associated with cross presentation. Besides other factors, the rising prevalence of CD might be induced by microbial transglutaminase (mTG) an enzyme frequently used in food production that shares enzymatic and antigenic properties of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the autoantigen in CD. We hypothesized that mTG and gliadin are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), indicating cross presentation of both antigens. Methods: Apical incubation of duodenal biopsies from CD and control patients was performed with mTG alone or with mTG and simultaneously with Frazer's Fraction. Evaluation was carried out by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Results: 6-9% of the intracellular mTG and gliadin were transported to the ER of enterocytes. RACE cells (rapid uptake of antigen into the cytosol of enterocytes) displayed an enhanced antigen uptake into a dilated ER. mTG strongly localized at the basolateral membrane and the lamina propria (LP). Conclusions: mTG and gliadin are transported to the ER of enterocytes and to a greater extent to the ER of RACE cells, suggesting cross presentation of exogenous antigens. The strong localization of mTG at the basolateral membrane and the LP may also indicate a potential antigenic interaction with cells of the immune system. Since mTG may not only been taken up with food stuffs but could also be released by bacteria within the intestinal microbiota, further investigations are needed regarding the role of mTG in CD pathogenesis. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Klaus-Peter Zimmer, Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgenstraße 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany (e-mail: Klaus-Peter.Zimmer@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de);SebastianStricker,JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,Giessen,Germany(e-mail:Sebastian.Stricker@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de). Received 27 April, 2018 Accepted 27 September, 2018 Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: No conflicts of interest declared. No external funding obtained. Intracellular localization of microbial transglutaminase and its influence on the transport of gliadin in enterocytes Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.jpgn.org). © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Data from a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Spain

Objective: To describe clinical, epidemiological and management characteristics of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) cases in Spain. Patients and methods: Multicenter observational retrospective study. FPIES cases diagnosed in specialized units in Spain over 12 months in 2017 (January to December) according to the recently published international diagnostic criteria were included. Results: One hundred and twenty patients (53.3% males) were included. The majority were acute (111) with mild to moderate severity (76.7%). Triggering foods were cow's milk (48/120), fish (38), egg (13), rice (12), and soy (1). The majority (84.2%) of the patients had FPIES to one food only. In addition to vomiting (100%), pallor (89.2%) and altered behavior (88.3%) were most frequently observed in acute forms. On the contrary, diarrhea (70%), abdominal distension (33.3%) and blood in stools (44.4%) were more frequently observed in chronic cases. Oral challenge was performed in 18.9% of the acute forms compared to 44.4% of the chronic forms. The most common treatment was intravenous fluids followed by ondansetron. Corticosteroids were used in 6 patients (5 with acute symptoms and 1 chronic). Seven patients were treated with antibiotics for suspicion of infection. Most cases of cow's milk FPIES were treated with extensively hydrolyzed formulas (69.8%). Conclusions: FPIES is not uncommon in our units. Unlike other published series, fish and egg are important triggers in our country. A greater knowledge and diffusion of the international consensus criteria will allow a better characterization of the cases and a standardization of their management. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Juan J. Díaz, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. Avda. de Roma s/n 3301 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain (e-mail: Juanjo.diazmartin@gmail.com). Received 12 August, 2018 Accepted 1 October, 2018 Financial Disclosure: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose Funding source: The project was done with no specific support Conflicts of Interest Statement for all authors Dr Díaz have received received payment for lectures or travels from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Hero, Mead Johnson, Nestlé, Ordesa; have participaed in scientific advisory Board for Danone-Nutricia and received payment for educational materials from Mead-Johnson Dr Espin have received payment for lectures or travels from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Ferrer, Hero, Lactalis, Mead Johnson, Nestlé, Ordesa; have participaed in scientific advisory Board for Danone-Nutricia; received funding for research from: Alter, Hero, Lactalis, Ordesa; and received payment for educational materials from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Mead-Johnson. Dr Segarra has served as a speaker, a consultant and advisory member for or has received research or education funding from MSD, Abbvie, Pfizer, Ferring, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Nutricia, Nestlé, Abbott, Mead Johnson. Dr Domínguez-Ortega has served as a speaker, a consultant and advisory member for or has received research or education funding from Nutricia, Nestlé and Mead Johnson Dr Blasco-Alonso have received speaker fees from Nestlé and Danone-Nutricia Dr Moreno have received speaker fees from Hero Dr. Rayo and Fernandez have no potential conflict of interest to disclose © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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A Novel Donkey Milk-Derived Human Milk Fortifier in Feeding Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: The purpose of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the use of donkey milk-derived fortifier with commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier in very preterm or very low-birthweight newborns, in terms of feeding tolerance. Methods: This trial included 156 newborns born at

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Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis Diagnosed by Unsedated Transnasal Esophagoscopy

No abstract available

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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Infant Pneumonia/Other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: National Nested Case-Control Study

No abstract available

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Proton Pump Inhibitors And Infant Pneumonia/Other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: National Nested Case-Control Study

No abstract available

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Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objectives: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) increases morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is known to be very effective for RCDI in non-IBD patients with cure rates up to 91%. The same success rates of FMT have not been reported in IBD patients with RCDI, and the data in pediatrics is limited. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of FMT for RCDI in established pediatric IBD patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with IBD and RCDI (≥3 episodes) who underwent FMT via colonoscopy at a tertiary care IBD center. The primary outcome was the rate of RCDI within 60 days post-FMT. The secondary outcomes were recurrence rate by 6 months, rate of colectomy, and time to recurrence. Results: Of the 8 eligible patients, 6 had ulcerative colitis, 1 had IBD-unspecified, and 1 had Crohn's disease. Median [interquartile range] age was 13 [11–14] years. All patients were on vancomycin at FMT. Two patients (25%) had RCDI by 60 days post-FMT and another 3 patients had RCDI between 60 days and 6 months. The median time to recurrence was 101 [40–139] days. Two patients (25%) who developed recurrence went to colectomy after FMT. Conclusions: With a cure rate of 75% at 60 days, FMT administered for the treatment of RCDI may be an effective treatment option in pediatric IBD. However, there appears to be a significant rate of late recurrence of CDI after 60 days in these patients. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Marla C. Dubinsky, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 17 East 102nd St, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: Marla.Dubinsky@mssm.edu). Received 30 June, 2018 Accepted 23 September, 2018 Author Contributions: All authors conceived and designed the study. SC acquired data. SC and ES performed statistical analysis. All authors analyzed and interpreted the data. SC drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: These authors disclose the following: Marla Dubinsky provides consulting services for AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Celgene, and UCB. Robert Hirten serves as an advisory board member for Janssen and provides consulting services for Takeda. The remaining authors disclose no conflicts. There are no sources of funding to be disclosed. The authors have no conflicts of interest disclose. © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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Feeding Interventions are Associated with Improved Outcomes in Children with Laryngeal Penetration

Objectives: To determine if children with laryngeal penetration on videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) who received feeding interventions (thickened liquids, change in liquid flow rate and/or method of liquid delivery) had improved symptoms and decreased hospitalizations compared to those without intervention. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of children under 2 years with laryngeal penetration on VFSS at our institution in 2015 to determine initial and follow-up VFSS findings, symptom improvement at follow-up, and hospitalization risk before and after VFSS. Proportions were compared with Fisher's exact test and hospitalizations with paired t-tests. Results: We evaluated 137 subjects with age 8.93 ± 0.59 months who had laryngeal penetration without aspiration on VFSS. 55% had change in management, with 40% receiving thickening and 15% a change in flow rate. There was significant improvement in symptoms for children that had feeding intervention and this improvement was greatest with thickening (OR 41.8, 95% CI 12.34–141.69, p 

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Expression of trpv channels during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis

Publication date: Available online 13 October 2018

Source: Gene Expression Patterns

Author(s): Chen Dong, Sudip Paudel, Nana Y. Amoh, Margaret S. Saha

Abstract

Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel genes code for an extensive family of conserved proteins responsible for a variety of physiological processes, including sensory perception, ion homeostasis, and chemical signal transduction. The TRP superfamily consists of seven subgroups, one of which is the transient receptor potential vanilloid (trpv) channel family. While trpv channels are relatively well studied in adult vertebrate organisms given their role in functions such as nociception, thermoregulation, and osmotic regulation in mature tissues and organ systems, relatively little is known regarding their function during embryonic development. Although there are some reports of the expression of specific trpv channels at particular stages in various organisms, there is currently no comprehensive analysis of trpv channels during embryogenesis. Here, performing in situ hybridization, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of trpv channel mRNA during early Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Trpv channels exhibited unique patterns of embryonic expression at distinct locations including the trigeminal ganglia, spinal cord, cement gland, otic vesicle, optic vesicle, nasal placode, notochord, tailbud, proctodeum, branchial arches, epithelium, somite and the animal pole during early development. We have also observed the colocalization of trpv channels at the animal pole (trpv 2/4), trigeminal ganglia (trpv 1/2), and epithelium (trpv 5/6). These localization patterns suggest that trpv channels may play diverse roles during early embryonic development.

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Oxygen, evolution and redox signalling in the human brain; quantum in the quotidian

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Diverse relaxation rates exist among rat cardiomyocytes isolated from a single myocardial region

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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