Παρασκευή 5 Οκτωβρίου 2018

Multi-trait, Multi-environment Deep Learning Modeling for Genomic-Enabled Prediction of Plant Traits

Multi-trait and multi-environment data are common in animal and plant breeding programs. However, what is lacking are more powerful statistical models that can exploit the correlation between traits to improve prediction accuracy in the context of genomic selection (GS). Multi-trait models are more complex than univariate models and usually require more computational resources, but they are preferred because they can exploit the correlation between traits, which many times helps improve prediction accuracy. For this reason, in this paper we explore the power of multi-trait deep learning (MTDL) models in terms of prediction accuracy. The prediction performance of MTDL models was compared to the performance of the Bayesian multi-trait and multi-environment (BMTME) model proposed by Montesinos-López et al. (2016), which is a multi-trait version of the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) univariate model. Both models were evaluated with predictors with and without the genotype environment interaction term. The prediction performance of both models was evaluated in terms of Pearson's correlation using cross-validation. We found that the best predictions in two of the three data sets were found under the BMTME model, but in general the predictions of both models, BTMTE and MTDL, were similar. Among models without the genotype environment interaction, the MTDL model was the best, while among models with genotype environment interaction, the BMTME model was superior. These results indicate that the MTDL model is very competitive for performing predictions in the context of GS, with the important practical advantage that it requires less computational resources than the BMTME model.



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Multi-environment Genomic Prediction of Plant Traits Using Deep Learners with Dense Architecture

Genomic selection is revolutionizing plant breeding and therefore methods that improve prediction accuracy are useful. For this reason, active research is being conducted to build and test methods from other areas and adapt them to the context of genomic selection. In this paper we explore the novel deep learning (DL) methodology in the context of genomic selection. We compared DL methods with densely connected network architecture to one of the most often used genome-enabled prediction models: Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP). We used nine published real genomic data sets to compare a fraction of all possible deep learning models to obtain a "meta picture" of the performance of DL methods with densely connected network architecture. In general, the best predictions were obtained with the GBLUP model when genotypexenvironment interaction (GxE) was taken into account (8 out of 9 data sets); when the interactions were ignored, the DL method was better than the GBLUP in terms of prediction accuracy in 6 out of the 9 data sets. For this reason, we believe that DL should be added to the data science toolkit of scientists working on animal and plant breeding. This study corroborates the view that there are no universally best prediction machines.



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Development of a 3D, networked multi-user virtual reality environment for home therapy after stroke

Impairment of upper extremity function is a common outcome following stroke, to the detriment of lifestyle and employment opportunities. Yet, access to treatment may be limited due to geographical and transpor...

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Dissociating motor learning from recovery in exoskeleton training post-stroke

A large number of robotic or gravity-supporting devices have been developed for rehabilitation of upper extremity post-stroke. Because these devices continuously monitor performance data during training, they ...

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Patient-reported outcomes unbiased by length of follow-up after lumbar degenerative spine surgery: Do we need 2 years of follow-up?

In modern clinical research, the accepted minimum follow-up for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after lumbar spine surgery is 24 months, particularly after fusion. Recently, this minimum requirement has been called into question.

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Postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients with a mental illness undergoing reconstructive thoracic or thoracolumbar spine surgery

: Previous studies have found an association between mental illness and poor outcomes in spine surgery, but little is known about the effects of depression and/or anxiety on the adult spinal deformity population. In addition, most relevant studies exclusively focused on the lumbar spine and had relatively small patient sizes.

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The Impact of Surgical Reduction of High-Grade Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis on Proximal Femoral Angle and Quality of Life

Backgound Context: Abnormal proximal femoral angle (PFA) was recently found to be associated with deteriorating sagittal balance and quality of life (QoL) in high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS). However, the influence of PFA on the QoL of patients undergoing surgery remains unknown.Purpose: This study compares the pre- and postoperative measurements of sagittal balance including PFA in patients with lumbosacral HGS after surgery. It also determines if PFA is a radiographic parameter that is associated with QoL in patients undergoing surgery.

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A review on microelectrode recording selection of features for machine learning in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor symptoms that include bradykinesia, resting tremor, postural instability, and rigidity leading to significant effects on patient's quality of life. (Brocker et al., 2017; Gulberti et al., 2015). High frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS), to either the globus pallidus internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Williams et al., 2014), is an effective surgical treatment for moderate to advanced PD that improves motor symptoms and quality of life (Brocker et al., 2017; Holt and Netoff, 2016; Karamintziou et al., 2016, 2017; Kühn and Volkmann, 2017; Rowland et al., 2017).

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Practicing on the deceased: ‘I get it’

The human body is an ideal training tool, but fire/EMS training protocols and the law must be followed

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Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block in pediatrics: trans-muscular versus intra-muscular approach

Abstract

Purpose

Quadratus lumborum (QL) block has four approaches. However, there is difference between the four approaches regarding efficacy, safety and adverse effects. The primary objective of this study is to compare the analgesic effect between trans-muscular and intra-muscular approaches of the QL block in pediatric patients for elective lower abdominal surgery.

Methods

54 patients aged between 1 and 6 years were enrolled. Patients of both genders were selected. The patients were randomly classified into two groups: Group TQL includes patients (27 patients) in whom bilateral QL block was performed using trans-muscular approach, and Group IQL (27 patients), which underwent bilateral QL block using an intra-muscular approach. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients who require rescue analgesia in the first 24 h. The secondary outcome measures were FLACC score, heart rate, non-invasive blood pressure at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively, and postoperative complications (e.g., quadriceps muscle weakness, local hematoma).

Results

In the first 24 h after surgery, 13 patients in the IQL group (48.1%) required rescue analgesia, whereas only five patients in the TQL group (18.5%) required rescue analgesia. The FLACC score was lower in the TQL group than the IQL group at all time intervals up to 24 h postoperatively. In the TQL group, eight patients (29.6%) developed quadriceps weakness; whereas, only one patient (3.7%) in the IQL group developed quadriceps weakness.

Conclusion

TQL is better than IQL in the analgesic efficacy following the pediatric lower laparotomy.



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How a multiple-patient transport vehicle can help you prepare for any disaster

Responding to individual emergencies comes naturally for EMS personnel, but what about mass casualty incidents?

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Implication of non-coding PAX6 mutations in aniridia

Abstract

There is an increasing implication of non-coding regions in pathological processes of genetic origin. This is partly due to the emergence of sophisticated techniques that have transformed research into gene expression by allowing a more global understanding of the genome, both at the genomic, epigenomic and chromatin levels. Here, we implemented the analysis of PAX6, whose coding loss-of-function variants are mainly implied in aniridia, by studying its non-coding regions (untranslated regions, introns and cis-regulatory sequences). In particular, we have taken advantage of the development of high-throughput approaches to screen the upstream and downstream regulatory regions of PAX6 in 47 aniridia patients without identified mutation in the coding sequence. This was made possible through the use of custom targeted resequencing and/or CGH array to analyze the entire PAX6 locus on 11p13. We found candidate variants in 30 of the 47 patients. 9/30 correspond to the well-known described 3′ deletions encompassing SIMO and other enhancer elements. In addition, we identified numerous different variants in various non-coding regions, in particular untranslated regions. Among these latter, most of them demonstrated an in vitro functional effect using a minigene strategy, and 12/21 are thus considered as causative mutations or very likely to explain the phenotypes. This new analysis strategy brings molecular diagnosis to more than 90% of our aniridia patients. This study revealed an outstanding mutation pattern in non-coding PAX6 regions confirming that PAX6 remains the major gene for aniridia.



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5 ways to eliminate dosing errors

Remain consistent once you've established the patient's weight, ensure you know what's in your containers and practice dosing calculations to prevent errors

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Meteorological and soil surface effects in gamma radiation time series - Implications for assessment of earthquake precursors

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 195

Author(s): Susana Barbosa, Johan Alexander Huisman, Eduardo Brito Azevedo

Abstract

Monitoring of environmental radioactivity for the purpose of earthquake prediction requires the discrimination of anomalies of non-tectonic origin from seismically-induced anomalies. This is a challenging task as time series of environmental radioactivity display a complex temporal pattern reflecting a wide range of different physical processes, including meteorological and surface effects. The present study is based on the detailed time series of gamma radiation from the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site in the Azores, and on very high resolution precipitation intensity and soil moisture time series. The results show that an abrupt shift in the average level of the gamma radiation time series previously reported as a potential earthquake precursor can also be explained by a corresponding abrupt change in soil moisture. It was concluded that the reduction of false positive earthquake precursors requires the detailed assessment of both precipitation and soil moisture conditions at high temporal resolution.



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An evidence of chemically and physically mediated migration of 238U and its daughter isotopes in the vicinity of a former uranium mine

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 195

Author(s): Arnaud Mangeret, Pascale Blanchart, Gilles Alcalde, Xavier Amet, Charlotte Cazala, Marie-Odile Gallerand

Abstract

The present study reports the evidence of a radioactive contamination in a wetland located downstream from a former French U mine in Brittany. This situation is demonstrated according to the measurements of gamma dose rates and activity ratios of 238U and 232Th-decay series nuclides, which give the justification regarding the accumulation of significant amounts of 238U, 230Th and 226Ra in this wetland.

The dose rate map highlights an increase of radiation level along the former mine water pathway compared to the background value, with a maximum value of 1500 nSv.h−1 reached in the wetland. Activities of 238U, 230Th and 226Ra and 232Th/238U ratios measured in surface wetland soils are significantly higher than the geochemical background. 230Th/238U ratios less than unity suggest a preferential accumulation of U in the wetland, compared to its daughter isotopes. Moreover, the loss of 226Ra compared to 230Th raises its higher mobility compared to its parent isotope. In far-field sediments, 226Ra/238U ratio of 1.76 implies a different geochemical behavior of U, which could be explained by the occurrence of mobile U species. The results suggest that contamination of wetland soils and far-field sediments could result from discharges of underground mine waters.



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Bite injuries caused by transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials’ monitoring: incidence, associated factors, and clinical course

Abstract

Purpose

The incidence of bite injuries associated with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials monitoring reportedly ranges from 0.13 to 0.19%. However, in clinical practice, bite injuries appear to occur more frequently than previously reported. Our aim was to identify the incidence of and perioperative risk factors associated with bite injuries caused by transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring.

Methods

Patients who underwent elective surgery with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring at a single tertiary hospital in Japan between June 2017 and December 2017 were included in this study. All patients were assessed by oral surgeons preoperatively and postoperatively. The associated factors with bite injuries were explored by the univariate analysis.

Results

12 of 186 patients experienced 13 bite injuries, including three lip, six oral mucosa, and four tongue injuries. No patient required suture repair. 11 of 12 patients had uneventful postoperative courses and were cured within 12 postoperative days. One patient with a tongue ulcer and a hematoma had difficulty in oral intake and persistent dysgeusia. Patient severe movement during transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring was associated with bite injuries (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The incidence of bite injuries assessed by oral surgeons was 6.5% in patients with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring, and the patients with severe movement during the monitoring tended to incur bite injuries. In rare cases, transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring may cause difficulty in oral intake and dysgeusia.



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A generalized multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective review.

Related Articles

A generalized multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective review.

Paediatr Anaesth. 2018 Oct 04;:

Authors: Templeton TW, Goenaga-Díaz EJ, Runyan CM, Kiell EP, Lee AJ, Templeton LB

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Airway management in children with Pierre Robin sequence in the infantile period can be challenging and frequently requires specialized approaches.
AIM: The aim of this study was to review our experience with a multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in young infants with Pierre Robin sequence.
METHODS: After IRB approval, we reviewed 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent a multistage approach to intubation in the operating room for mandibular distractor or gastrostomy tube placement. All patients underwent awake placement of either an LMA-Classic™ #1 or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway size #1. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, and patients were relaxed with rocuronium. The laryngeal mask airway was replaced with an air-Q® 1.0. Children were then intubated through the air-Q® 1.0 using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. In cases that required a nasotracheal tube, the oral tube was left in place while a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope loaded with a similar internal diameter nasal Ring-Adair-Elwyn (RAE) tube was introduced into the nares. Once the scope was in proximity to the glottis, the oral tube was removed and the patient was intubated with the nasal RAE over the fiberscope.
RESULTS: All 13 patients with Pierre Robin sequence were successfully intubated. We observed no periods of desaturation during placement and induction with the LMA-Classic™ or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway except in one patient who was in extremis in the neonatal intensive care unit and required emergent transport to the operating room with the laryngeal mask airway in place. We observed several brief periods of desaturation during the apneas associated with fiberoptic intubation.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we were able to use a ventilation-driven, multistaged approach using the unique properties of different supraglottic airways to facilitate oral and nasal intubation in 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence.

PMID: 30284747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Linked color imaging can enhance recognition of early gastric cancer by high color contrast to surrounding gastric intestinal metaplasia

Abstract

Background

Linked color imaging (LCI) increases the visibility of early gastric cancers, which may be associated with characteristic findings including background purple mucosae. These lesions are found in areas of chronic gastritis and surrounding mucosa. The aim of this study is to objectively characterize these lesions by color differences and color component values using LCI.

Methods

Fifty-two patients with early gastric cancer were enrolled. Color differences were calculated prospectively in malignant lesions and adjacent mucosa and compared with histological findings in resected specimens. Color component values of L*, a*, and b* were compared between purple and non-purple mucosae in areas of chronic gastritis. Based on histological findings, the accuracy of identifying gastric intestinal metaplasia was calculated.

Results

Cancers and surrounding mucosa in 74% of lesions had similar colors using white light imaging (WLI), whereas purple mucosa surrounded part or all of cancers appearing orange–red, orange or orange–white using LCI. Greater color differences were seen using LCI compared to WLI, including flat-type cancers, leading to higher contrast. The surrounding purple mucosa corresponded histologically to intestinal metaplasia, facilitating the identification of malignant lesions. Forty lesions (83%) with purple mucosa and eight lesions (17%) with non-purple mucosa in areas of chronic gastritis were diagnosed as intestinal metaplasia by biopsy (83% accuracy). Color component values of purple mucosa differ significantly from those of non-purple mucosae.

Conclusions

LCI images have higher color contrast between early gastric cancers and surrounding mucosa compared to WLI. A characteristic purple color around gastric cancers using LCI represents intestinal metaplasia.



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Biomarker P16 predicts progression risk of anal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

AIDS

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Aspirin use is associated with a reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cancer Management and Research

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High trophinin-associated protein expression is an independent predictor of poor survival in liver cancer

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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Association between physician burnout and patient safety, professionalism, and patient satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

JAMA

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Service Coordination by Public Sector Managers in a Human Service Contracting Environment

Abstract

Despite emerging evidence of contracting for evidence-based practices (EBP), little research has studied how managers lead contract-based human service delivery. A 2015 survey of 193 managers from five San Francisco Bay Area county human service departments examined the relationship between contract-based service coordination (i.e., structuring cross-sector services, coordinating client referrals and eligibility, overseeing EBP implementation) and the predictors of managerial role, involvement, and boundary spanning. Multivariate regression results suggested that county managers identified fewer service coordination challenges if they were at the executive and program levels, had greater contract involvement, and engaged in contract-focused boundary spanning. In conclusion, we underscore the organizational and managerial dimensions of contract-based service delivery.



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Multi-criteria Mapping of Stakeholders’ Viewpoints in Five Southeast Asian Countries on Strategies to Reduce Micronutrient Deficiencies Among Children and Women of Reproductive Age: Findings from the SMILING Project

Abstract

Background

Despite scientific evidence on the potential impact or importance of specific interventions to improve micronutrient status of vulnerable groups, political commitment and extensive support from national stakeholders is paramount to support introduction and implementation of these interventions at national level. In order to develop efficient nutritional strategies to improve the micronutrient status of children < 5 years of age and women of reproductive age that will be supported by a wide range of stakeholders, a better understanding of viewpoints on the nutrition politics and strategies is necessary. Multi-criteria mapping (MCM) was successfully used to assess the stakeholder's viewpoint in a wide variety of contexts since the late 1990s.

Objective

The objective of the present study was to assess the viewpoints of stakeholders on a wide range of potential nutritional interventions in the five Southeast Asian countries participating in the SMILING project.

Method

MCM methodology was used to appraise the stakeholder's viewpoints in five countries.

Results

The results show that the overall stakeholders' preference was for actions already implemented in their country rather than for new, innovative options, even for supplementation. Indirect interventions such like food fortification (except in Indonesia), delayed cord clamping or food-based approaches were generally less favored by the stakeholders. However, the majority of stakeholders agreed that new approaches should be considered and put in place in the future provided that evidence of their impact was demonstrated, that they received adequate technical support for their implementation and their monitoring, and that they will be accompanied by strong advocacy among decision-makers, civil society and beneficiaries.

Conclusions for practice

To conclude, for the introduction of new, innovative strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in South-East Asia, convincing stakeholders appears to be the first hurdle to be taken.



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Targeted sequencing identifies a missense variant in the BEST3 gene associated with antihypertensive response to hydrochlorothiazide

Chromosome 12q15 was identified in Genetic Epidemiology of Response Assessment (GERA) and replicated in Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) for its association with blood pressure (BP) response to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). However, the functional variant is unknown and we aimed to identify the likely functional variants through targeted sequencing. The chromosome 12q15 region was sequenced in 397 best and worst responders to HCTZ in PEAR (N=199) and GERA (N=198) hypertensive study participants. Logistic regression was used for the association analysis adjusting for age, sex, race, and principal components 1 and 2. For validation, the significant single nucleotide polymorphism was tested for association with the change in systolic (ΔSBP) and diastolic BP (ΔDBP) post-treatment in the entire PEAR (N=370) and GERA (N=570) cohorts. A novel missense polymorphism (G>A, Pro383Leu) in BEST3, rs61747221, was significantly associated with better HCTZ response (P=0.0021, odds ratio=2.05). It was validated in the entire cohort of PEAR (ΔSBP: P=0.021, β=−1.60, ΔDBP: P=0.023, β=−1.08) and GERA (ΔSBP: P=0.028, β=−1.95, ΔDBP: P=0.032, β=−1.28). BEST3 encodes the calcium sensitive chloride channel in the vascular smooth muscle implicated in the regulation of BP, especially in response to vasoconstrictors like angiotensin II. These results suggest that BEST3 is involved in the chronic BP lowering mechanism of thiazides and highlight its importance as a genetic predictor of the BP response to thiazide diuretics. Correspondence to Julie A. Johnson, PharmD, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA Tel: +1 352 273 6309; fax: +1 352 273 6306; e-mail: johnson@cop.ufl.edu Received February 5, 2018 Accepted August 15, 2018 Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A generalized multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence: A retrospective review

Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.


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A retrospective cohort study of children with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 receiving anesthesia for intrathecal administration of nusinersen

Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.


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Virtual reality for lumbar puncture in a morbidly obese patient with leukemia

Pediatric Anesthesia, EarlyView.


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Sex differences in the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial turnover following physical activity: do males need more quality control than females?

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Lower body negative pressure to safely reduce intracranial pressure

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Presynaptic loss of dynamin related protein 1 impairs synaptic vesicle release and recycling at the mouse calyx of held

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Leptin acts in the carotid bodies to increase minute ventilation during wakefulness and sleep and augment the hypoxic ventilatory response

The Journal of Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Breakthrough percepts of famous faces

Psychophysiology, EarlyView.


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CORTICOSPINAL EXCITABILITY DURING SHORTENING AND LENGTHENING ACTIONS WITH INCREMENTAL TORQUE OUTPUT

Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Severe bleeding with subclinical oculocutaneous albinism in a patient with a novel HPS6 missense variant

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.


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Copy number variations in a population with prune belly syndrome

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.


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Hypoalgesia after bicycling at lactate threshold is reliable between sessions

Abstract

Purpose

Exercise decreases pain sensitivity known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). However, the consistency of EIH after an acute exercise protocol based on subjective ratings of perceived exertion has been questioned. Objectives were to compare the effect on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) after bicycling with work-rate at the lactate threshold compared with quiet rest, and investigate between-session reliability of EIH.

Methods

Thirty-four healthy subjects completed three sessions with 7 days in-between. In session 1, the lactate threshold was determined via blood samples (finger-tip pinprick, > 2 mmol/l increase from warm-up) during a graded bicycling task. In session 2 and 3, all subjects performed (1) 15 min quiet-rest, and (2) 15 min bicycling (work-rate corresponding to the lactate threshold) in the two identical sessions. PPTs at the quadriceps and trapezius muscles were assessed before and after both conditions. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlations (ICCs).

Results

Bicycling increased quadriceps PPT compared with quiet-rest in both sessions [mean difference: 45 kPa (95% CI 19–72 kPa), P = 0.002]; however, the increase in trapezius PPT was not significant after exercise. The EIH responses demonstrated fair between-session test–retest reliability (quadriceps: ICC = 0.45; trapezius: ICC = 0.57, P < 0.05), and agreement in EIH responders and non-responders between sessions was significant (quadriceps: κ = 0.46 and trapezius: κ = 0.43, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, bicycling at the lactate threshold increased PPT at the exercising muscle with fair reliability of the local EIH response. The results have implications for future EIH studies in subjects with and without pain and for clinicians who design exercise programs for pain relief.



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Novel EXT2 missense variants in a family with autosomal recessive EXT2‐related syndrome (AREXT2): further evidences on the phenotype

Clinical Genetics, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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