During gait training, physical therapists continuously supervise stroke survivors and provide physical support to their pelvis when they judge that the patient is unable to keep his balance. This paper is the ...
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Σάββατο 2 Δεκεμβρίου 2017
Manual physical balance assistance of therapists during gait training of stroke survivors: characteristics and predicting the timing
The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Complaints and Pain Intensity in Furniture Industry Workers in Brazil
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Vinicius Tieppo Francio, Luana Tasca, Chris Towery, Saeid Davani, Travis Allen
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Ed Board page
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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2017 ACRM Annual Conference Late-Breaking Research Abstracts
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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Table of Contents
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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Editors' Selections From This Issue: Volume 98 / Number 12 / December 2017
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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Utilization of Spinal Manipulation in a Case of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Vinicius Tieppo Francio, Chris Towery, Saeid Davani, Travis Allen
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Exploring Disability Compensation Among Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Denise Fyffe, Carol Gibson-Gill, Joyce Williams, Ashleigh Quinn
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Outcomes Among Patients with HIV/AIDS in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Population, Years 2011 to 2014
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Margaret DiVita, Sarah Beshers, Rebecca Gordon, Madison Terrillion, Jacqueline Mix
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Physical Therapy Treatment of a Patient Diagnosed with Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: A Case Study
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Trent Jackman, Tyler Harrigfeld
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Archives Manuscript Reviewers
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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Information/Education Pages (I/EPs)
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
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RCT of Peer-Led Phone-Based Empowerment Intervention for Persons with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Improves Health Self-Management
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Bethlyn Houlihan, Miriam Brody, Sarah Skeels, Diana Pernigotti, Judi Zazula, Sam Burnett, Christa Green, Subramani Seetharama, Stathis Hasiotis, Timothy Belliveau, David Rosenblum, Alan Jette
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Differential Item Functioning on Physical Disability Measure Across Direct and Proxy Interview
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Ickpyo Hong, Mi Jung Lee, Catherine Hay, Timothy Reistetter
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Toward the Evaluation of Daily Wheelchair Usage with Upper Limb Pattern Classifier: A Pilot Study
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Pin-Wei Chen, Kerri Morgan
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The Effect of Swimming on the Rehabilitation of a Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Study
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Margaret McDowell, Chelsea Griffiths, Mariana Dawida, Tadeusz Laska
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Prevalence and Patterns of Spasticity Severity and Medication Use in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 98, Issue 12
Author(s): Nicole DiPiro, Chao Li, James Krause
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Novel ultrasound-based methods to assess liver disease: the game has just begun
In the last 10 years the availability of ultrasound elastography allowed to diagnose and stage liver fibrosis in a non-invasive way and changed the clinical practice of hepatology. Newer ultrasound-based techniques to evaluate properties of the liver tissue other than fibrosis are emerging and will lead to a more complete characterization of the full spectrum of diffuse and focal liver disease. Since these methods are currently undergoing validation and go beyond elastography for liver tissue evaluation, they were not included in the recent guidelines regarding elastography issued by the European Federation of Societies in Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology.
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The distribution of tritium in aquatic environments, Lithuania
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): Olga Jefanova, Jonas Mažeika, Rimantas Petrošius, Žana Skuratovič
The aim of this study is to investigate mobile radionuclide tritium (3H or T) activity dynamics in aquatic environments related to Ignalina NPP (INPP) site and water bodies located in remote areas unaffected by the INPP. The 3H excess in the INPP environment was analyzed and compared to the variable 3H background level over the period of operation of the INPP (end of 1983 – end of 2009) and during the initial stage of decommissioning (2010–2017). 3H in the INPP vicinity has been studied in the water of artificial channels related to operation of the INPP and site drainage, in natural surface water bodies and, at a smaller scale, in unconfined groundwater. This study presents an extensive 3H data set extending back to 1980, i.e. before INPP operation started. To assess the contribution of global sources to 3H dynamics, monthly precipitation was also studied, along with water from the Baltic Sea, Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River were studied as well, all three of these located in the Lithuanian maritime zone. The 3H activity concentration in water was measured using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) techniques (direct counting and counting after enrichment). During the period of INPP operation, 3H from liquid effluent could be clearly observed in discharge channels, occurring in rather low diluted conditions, as well as in Lake Druksiai, the cooling basin, at an even more diluted level. The highest 3H activity concentration in Lake Druksiai was observed in 2003 and reached 201.3 ± 1.3 TU at a time when 3H activity concentrations in background water bodies was 9.2 ± 3.5 TU. After the closure of the INPP, the 3H liquid effluent rate reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude (from 1012 Bq in 1991 to 1010 Bq in 2016) and when decommissioning activity commenced then the 3H activity concentration fell to that approaching the background level (19–27 TU) that can still be observed in industrial discharge and rainwater drainage channels. 3H as a result of leakage from the INPP can be observed in groundwater only in direct proximity to the INPP site near the radioactive waste storage zone.
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Identifying radon priority areas and dwellings with radon exceedances in Bulgaria using stored CD/DVDs
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): D. Pressyanov, I. Dimitrova, K. Mitev, S. Georgiev, D. Dimitrov
The implementation of the 2013/59/EURATOM directive in the part related to radon exposure imposes challenges for radon measurement methodology and radon survey design. Among them is the need to have estimates (preferably direct) of the annual average radon concentrations, which can be directly compared to the recommended reference levels. On this basis, the surveys should make possible the identification of dwellings with indoor radon above the reference levels and "radon priority areas" where significant proportion of the dwellings falls in this category. The performance of the CD/DVD method for radon measurements as a tool to address these issues is presented. A recent large scale field study based on the CD/DVD method that was carried out in the suburb area of Sofia, Bulgaria is described. Part of the studied area was affected in the past by the uranium mining and milling industry. In total 462 disks (CDs and DVDs) taken from 335 private dwellings from 10 districts in the region were analyzed. The results revealed the large heterogeneity in radon distribution in the area, with the percentage of dwellings with a 222Rn level above 300 Bq m−3 ranking from about 7% to 74%. The district of Yana, for which this percent was 74, was identified as the area of highest radon priority in the region. The paper also discusses how prompt identification of dwellings with radon above the reference level by CD/DVDs can be incorporated within an integrated approach to the radon problem. Within this approach the radon hazard is identified shortly after the stakeholder's decision to test, which allows fast solution of the problem without waiting the long (and usually demotivating) one-year period needed for direct results by the commonly used prospective methods.
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Selective Laser Melted Digital Hydraulic Valve System
3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Clinically Relevant Bioprinting Workflow and Imaging Process for Tissue Construct Design and Validation
3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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3D Printed Hierarchical Gyroid Structure with Embedded Photocatalyst TiO2 Nanoparticles
3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Voces de la frontera /Voices from the Border: Using Case Studies of Pregnancy, Birth and Parenting along the U.S.–Mexico Border to Identify Shared Measures of Success
Abstract
Purpose This research analyzes the cases of five women living along the U.S.–Mexico border who overcame challenges during pregnancy or parenting with the support of a federally funded Healthy Start program, designed to eliminate disparities in perinatal health in disadvantaged communities with the poorest birth outcomes. Study objectives were to: (1) identify common factors that affect healthy maternal and child outcomes for Healthy Start participants; and (2) identify a shared definition of what success looks like for Healthy Start participants and opportunities for further study. Description Five border Healthy Start sites (CA, AZ, NM, and TX) contributed case stories from participants who had overcome access barriers to achieve positive pregnancy, birth or parenting outcomes. Case studies were collected using review of successful participant cases and non-structured interviews by Healthy Start staff, and analyzed using participatory methods and thematic analysis. Assessment Common barriers were: lack of insurance; isolation or unsupportive family relationships; timidness and lack of self-advocacy. Healthy Start programs have been successful in securing supportive relationships through the community health worker model; reducing isolation; obtaining insurance access and a medical home; building self-advocacy skills; and supporting participants to pursue their goals. Conclusion Identified barriers are in line with available literature on health care access and provide a U.S.–Mexico border-specific view. The Healthy Start model is effective at helping women to overcome barriers. Learning from this research may contribute to development of shared measures for more impactful evaluation of Healthy Start and similar programs.
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Oral Health Coverage Options for Pregnant Adults and Adolescents
Abstract
Oral health care is a necessary and critical component of health care for pregnant women, but its importance is often overlooked by clinicians. Pregnant women who are low-income also find it particularly difficult to access care. This analytic essay summarizes oral health coverage for pregnant women under various types of health insurance coverage, including Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and coverage options available under the Affordable Care Act. We hope this information will help clinicians better understand the importance of oral health care during pregnancy and the range of coverage options that may be available to their patients.
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Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population
Abstract
Purpose
Women of color in the United States, particularly in high-poverty neighborhoods, experience high rates of poor birth outcomes, including cesarean section, preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant mortality. Doula care has been linked to improvements in many perinatal outcomes, but women of color and low-income women often face barriers in accessing doula support.
Description
To address this issue, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Healthy Start Brooklyn introduced the By My Side Birth Support Program in 2010. The goal was to complement other maternal home-visiting programs by providing doula support during labor and birth, along with prenatal and postpartum visits. Between 2010 and 2015, 489 infants were born to women enrolled in the program.
Assessment
Data indicate that By My Side is a promising model of support for Healthy Start projects nationwide. Compared to the project area, program participants had lower rates of preterm birth (6.3 vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001) and low birthweight (6.5 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.001); however, rates of cesarean birth did not differ significantly (33.5 vs. 36.9%, p = 0.122). Further research is needed to explore possible reasons for this finding, and to examine the influence of doula support on birth outcomes among populations with high rates of chronic disease and stressors such as poverty, racism, and exposure to violence. However, feedback from participants indicates that doula support is highly valued and helps give women a voice in consequential childbirth decisions.
Conclusion
Available evidence suggests that doula services may be an important component of an effort to address birth inequities.
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The usefulness of the McGrath MAC laryngoscope in comparison with Airwayscope and Macintosh laryngoscope during routine nasotracheal intubation: a randomaized controlled trial.
The usefulness of the McGrath MAC laryngoscope in comparison with Airwayscope and Macintosh laryngoscope during routine nasotracheal intubation: a randomaized controlled trial.
BMC Anesthesiol. 2017 Dec 01;17(1):160
Authors: Sato Boku A, Sobue K, Kako E, Tachi N, Okumura Y, Kanazawa M, Hashimoto M, Harada J
Abstract
BACKGROUND: McGrath MAC video laryngoscope offers excellent laryngosopic views and increases the success rate of orotracheal intubation in some cases. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of McGrath MAC for routine nasotracheal intubation by comparing McGrath MAC with Airway scope and Macintosh laryngoscope.
METHODS: A total of 60 adult patients with ASA physical status class 1 or 2, aged 20-70 years were enrolled in this study. Patients were scheduled for elective oral surgery under general anesthesia with nasotracheal intubation. Exclusion criteria included lack of consent and expected difficult airway. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups: McGrath MAC (n = 20), Airway scope (n = 20), and Macintosh laryngoscope (n = 20). After induction, nasotracheal intubation was performed by six expert anesthesiologists with more than 6 years of experience.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative airway assessment among the three groups. Successful tracheal intubation time was 26.8 ± 5.7 (mean ± standard deviation) s for McGrath MAC, 36.4 ± 11.0 s for Airway scope, and 36.5 ± 8.9 s for Macintosh laryngoscope groups. The time for successful tracheal intubation for McGrath MAC group was significantly shorter than that for Airway scope and Macintosh laryngoscope (p < 0.01). McGrath MAC significantly improved the Cormack Lehane grade for nasotracheal intubation compared with Macintosh laryngoscope (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: McGrath MAC significantly facilitates routine nasotracheal intubation compared with Airwayscope and Macintosh laryngoscope by shortening the tracheal intubation time and improving the Cormack Lehane grade.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMINCTR Registration number UMIN000023506 . Registered 5 Aug 2016.
PMID: 29191160 [PubMed - in process]
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Thymoquinone Augments Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis on Esophageal Carcinoma Through Mitigating the Activation of JAK2/STAT3 Pathway
Abstract
Background
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of Nigella sativa seed and has shown biological activity in various human carcinomas. However, few studies have reported its effect on esophageal carcinoma (EC).
Aims
To explore the chemosensitive effect and mechanism of TQ in augmentation of cisplatin (DDP)-induced apoptosis of EC, both in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
The viability and apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells were detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, Survivin, and caspase-3, 7, 9 were evaluated by western blot analysis. The histological changes were examined by TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical analysis.
Results
TQ enhanced the proapoptotic effect of DDP in human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109, while blocking the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells was induced via blocking the activation of JAK2/STAT3 by using a molecular inhibitor (WP1066). Consistent with the in vivo and in vitro results, TQ increased cellular apoptosis and enriched the chemosensitivity of DDP.
Conclusions
TQ along with DDP may regulate the progression of EC and has potential to be a chemotherapeutic agent in EC.
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Effects of supervised exercise training on lower-limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous ulcers
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of a 12-week supervised exercise programme on lower-limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous leg ulceration.
Methods
Thirty-eight adults with unilateral venous ulceration who were being treated with lower-limb compression therapy (58% male; mean age 65 years; median ulcer size 5 cm2) were randomly allocated to exercise or control groups. Exercise participants (n = 18) were invited to attend thrice weekly sessions of lower-limb aerobic and resistance exercise for 12 weeks. Cutaneous microvascular reactivity was assessed in the gaiter region of ulcerated and non-ulcerated legs at baseline and 3 months using laser Doppler fluxmetry coupled with iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as laser Doppler flux (AU)/mean arterial pressure (mmHg).
Results
Thirty-seven participants completed follow-up assessments. Median session attendance was 36 (range 2–36). Analyses of covariance revealed greater peak CVC responses to ACh in the exercise group at 3 months in both the ulcerated (adjusted difference = 0.944 AU/mmHg; 95% CI 0.504–1.384) and non-ulcerated (adjusted difference = 0.596 AU/mmHg; 95% CI 0.028–1.164) legs. Peak CVC responses to SNP were also greater in the exercise group at 3 months in the ulcerated leg (adjusted difference = 0.882 AU/mmHg; 95% CI 0.274–1.491), but not the non-ulcerated leg (adjusted difference = 0.392 AU/mmHg; 95% CI − 0.377 to 1.161).
Conclusion
Supervised exercise training improves lower-limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous leg ulceration.
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Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders Classification Systems: A critical appraisal and future directions
Summary
It is a difficult undertaking to design a classification system for any disease entity, let alone for orofacial pain (OFP) and more specifically for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). A further complication of this task is that both physical and psychosocial variables must be included. In order to augment this process a two step systematic review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, of the classification systems published during the last 20 years for OFP and TMD was performed. The first search step identified 190 potential citations which ultimately resulted in only 17 articles being included for in depth analysis and review. The second step resulted in only 5 articles being selected for inclusion in this review. Five additional articles and four classification guidelines/criteria were also included due to expansion of the search criteria. Thus, in total, 14 documents comprising articles and guidelines/criteria (8 proposals of classification systems for OFP; 6 for TMD) were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. For each, a discussion as to their advantages, strengths and limitations was provided. Suggestions regarding the future direction for improving the classification process with the use of ontological principles rather than taxonomy are discussed. Furthermore, the potential for expanding the scope of axes included in existing classification systems, to include genetic, epigenetic and neurobiological variables, is explored. It is therefore recommended that future classification system proposals be based on combined approaches aiming to provide archetypal treatment-oriented classifications.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Long-term variability of sleep bruxism and psychological stress in patients with jaw-muscle pain: report of two longitudinal clinical cases
Abstract
Background
Sleep bruxism (SB) and psychological stress are commonly considered as contributing factors in the etiology of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. However the lack of longitudinal studies and fluctuating nature of SB, psychological stress and TMD-pain have led to contradictory results regarding the association between the possible etiological factors and TMD-pain.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of SB and psychological stress to TMD-pain in a longitudinal study of two clinical TMD-pain cases during a 6-week study-protocol.
Methods
Two female volunteers with clinically diagnosed myalgia based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to record jaw-muscle pain and psychological stress experience, and an ambulatory polysomnography technique was used to record SB intensity.
Results
Visual analysis of the data revealed that the intensity of TMD-pain was not hardwired, neither with psychological stress experience nor with increased SB activity.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of single-patient clinical cases design, our study suggested that the presence of TMD-pain cannot be explained by a simple linear model which takes psychological stress or SB into account. It also seems that psychological stress was a more important predictor factor for TMD-pain than SB.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of swallowing ability using swallowing sounds in maxillectomy patients
Abstract
Maxillectomy for oral tumors often results in debilitating oral hypofunction, which markedly decreases quality of life. Dysphagia, in particular, is one of the most serious problems following maxillectomy. This study used swallowing sounds as a simple evaluation method to evaluate swallowing ability in maxillectomy patients with and without their obturator prosthesis placed. Twenty-seven maxillectomy patients (15 men, 12 women; mean age 66.0±12.1 years) and 30 healthy controls (14 men, 16 women; mean age 44.9±21.3 years) were recruited for this study. Participants were asked to swallow 4 mL of water and swallowing sounds were recorded using a throat microphone. Duration of the acoustic signal and duration of peak intensity (DPI) were measured. DPI was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients without their obturator than with it (p<0.05) and was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients without their obturator than in healthy controls (p<0.025 after Bonferroni correction). With the obturator placed, DPI was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients who had undergone soft palate resection than in those who had not (p<0.05). These results suggest swallowing ability in maxillectomy patients could be improved by wearing an obturator prosthesis, particularly during the oral stage. However, it is difficult to improve the oral stage of swallowing in patients who have undergone soft palate resection even with obturator placement.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Comparison of methods for library construction and short read annotation of shellfish viral metagenomes
Abstract
The emergence and widespread use of high-throughput sequencing technologies have promoted metagenomic studies on environmental or animal samples. Library construction for metagenome sequencing and annotation of the produced sequence reads are important steps in such studies and influence the quality of metagenomic data. In this study, we collected some marine mollusk samples, such as Crassostrea hongkongensis, Chlamys farreri, and Ruditapes philippinarum, from coastal areas in South China. These samples were divided into two batches to compare two library construction methods for shellfish viral metagenome. Our analysis showed that reverse-transcribing RNA into cDNA and then amplifying it simultaneously with DNA by whole genome amplification (WGA) yielded a larger amount of DNA compared to using only WGA or WTA (whole transcriptome amplification). Moreover, higher quality libraries were obtained by agarose gel extraction rather than with AMPure bead size selection. However, the latter can also provide good results if combined with the adjustment of the filter parameters. This, together with its simplicity, makes it a viable alternative. Finally, we compared three annotation tools (BLAST, DIAMOND, and Taxonomer) and two reference databases (NCBI's NR and Uniprot's Uniref). Considering the limitations of computing resources and data transfer speed, we propose the use of DIAMOND with Uniref for annotating metagenomic short reads as its running speed can guarantee a good annotation rate. This study may serve as a useful reference for selecting methods for Shellfish viral metagenome library construction and read annotation.
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The Use of Stimulant Medication to Treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Elite Athletes: A Performance and Health Perspective
Abstract
The use of stimulants as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among elite athletes is a controversial area with some arguing that stimulant use should not be permitted because it offers an advantage to athletes (fair play perspective). Guided by an integrated model of athletic performance, we address common concerns raised about stimulant use in sports from our perspective, which we coined the "performance and health perspective," highlighting relevant research and pointing to gaps in empirical research that should be addressed before bans on use of stimulants for athletes with ADHD are considered. The current article posits that a stimulant ban for athletes with ADHD does not necessarily facilitate fair play, ensure safety, or align with existing policies of large governing bodies. Instead, we recommend that stimulant medication be allowed in high-level sport, following proper diagnosis by a trained professional and a cardiac assessment to confirm no underlying heart conditions. Athletes with ADHD approved to use stimulant medication should be monitored by a health care professional, physically reevaluated and reassessed for ADHD as clinically appropriate and as indicated by relevant sports governing bodies. This performance and health perspective is consistent with that of multiple sport governing bodies who offer therapeutic use.
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