2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Dr Reena kouli.
Benign adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare tumor characterized by biphasic proliferation of both an inner layer of epithelial cells and a prominent peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells. This entity may rarely progresses to a more malignant state or gives rise to metastasis. Accurate diagnosis and close follow up is essential for proper treatment of these tumors. We report a 15 year old girl who presented with large lump in the breast which was clinically mistaken for a giant fibroadenoma of breast. No nodes were palpable. On gross examination, a large lump 11x11x8 cm was noted which was well circumscribed, solid on cut section. On histopathologic examination the diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma was made which was further supported by immunohistochemistry findings.
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Τετάρτη 5 Οκτωβρίου 2016
Adenomyoepithelioma of breast : report of a rare case
Subcutaneous zygomycosis presenting as soft-tissue ‘tumour’ over scapula – case report and review of literature
2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Tarun Bali and Malhar N Kumar.
Subcutaneous zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum is endemic in India, especially in Southern India. This is a case report of animmunocompetent manual labourer who presented with a painless swelling overlying the left scapula. Preoperative imaging studies suggested the possibility of cavernous haemangioma. Excision biopsy was performed and gross as well as histopathological assessment showed it to be a fungal lesion (entomophthoromycosis). Culture of the affected tissue yielded B. ranarum. The patient was treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole and the lesion healed completely in 2 months.
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Spontaneous neonatal rectal perforation: A case for primary closure
2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Yogender kadian, Anjali verma.
Spontaneous perforation of the gastrointestinal tract in the neonate is rare. When it occurs it usually involves the stomach or the ileocaecal region. Perforation of the rectum in the neonate is usually caused by instruments being passed into it. We are hereby reporting a rare case of idiopathic rectal perforation and was successfully managed by primary closure.
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Application of cement on strategic vertebrae in the treatment of the osteoporotic spine
Application of pedicle screws with cement in order to strengthen the fixation of the osteoporotic spine has increasingly gained popularity. However, the technique has also led to an increase in cement-related complications.
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Attention modulation during motor preparation in Parkinsonian freezers: a time-frequency EEG study
In PD, FoG is a major health concern because of its impact on quality of life (Ellis et al. 2011) and the increased risk of falls (Bloem et al., 2004). Attention is a cognitive process that allows humans to prioritize stimuli according to the situation and to adjust their response accordingly (Raz and Buhle 2006; Corbetta et al. 2008). In fact, attention has a role in the occurrence of FoG, as evidenced by (i) the critical impact of external stimuli on this phenomenon (Nanhoe-Mahabier et al. 2012), (ii) the attentional impairments described in patients with FoG ("freezers") (Amboni et al.
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Attention modulation during motor preparation in Parkinsonian freezers: a time-frequency EEG study
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Céline Tard, Kathy Dujardin, Jean-Louis Bourriez, Behnam Molaee-Ardekani, Philippe Derambure, Luc Defebvre, Arnaud Delval
ObjectiveTo investigate the cortical integration of attentional stimuli during motor preparation in parkinsonian patients with freezing of gait (FoG, n=12) or without freezing of gait (n=13), and in aged-matched healthy controls (n=13). We hypothesized that interference between attention and action in freezers would be revealed by differences in cortical modulation during this dual task.MethodsAttention during step preparation was modulated by means of an auditory oddball discrimination task. EEG oscillations in different frequency bands were measured for the attentional stimulus and the motor stimulus.ResultsOver the 500 ms following the sound, low-frequency power increased in all three groups. This was followed by a power decrease in mid-range frequencies after both target and standard sounds in the healthy controls and in the non-FoG group. In contrast, EEG oscillations in the beta band were impaired in the FoG group, who notably failed to display event-related desynchronization after perceiving the sound.ConclusionsAn attentional stimulus was able to trigger event-related desynchronization before motor preparation in the non-FoG group but not in the FoG group.SignificanceIn the FoG group, stimulus discrimination was maintained but the coupling between attention and motor preparation was impaired.
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Remember 2 Things: Physical health in tight quarters
Staying fit while on the job is challenging — especially when it's hard to find an area to work out in. Steve Whitehead, host of Remember 2 Things, discusses ways EMS professionals can work out in tight spaces that are great for your fitness and health.
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Remember 2 Things: Physical health in tight quarters
Staying fit while on the job is challenging — especially when it's hard to find an area to work out in. Steve Whitehead, host of Remember 2 Things, discusses ways EMS professionals can work out in tight spaces that are great for your fitness and health.
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Remember 2 Things: Physical health in tight quarters
Staying fit while on the job is challenging — especially when it's hard to find an area to work out in. Steve Whitehead, host of Remember 2 Things, discusses ways EMS professionals can work out in tight spaces that are great for your fitness and health.
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19 thoughts only a medic will understand
By Michael Morse, EMS1 Contributor
Working in emergency services is hard enough. Explaining your daily thoughts to someone outside the field is damn near impossible. You know you're a medic, or destined to be, if you find any of these thoughts bouncing around your head.
1. You believe a little puke on the pants does not require a full uniform change.
2. You continually wonder whether you should do paperwork, shower, sleep or eat.
3. You wonder if stifling an overwhelming urge to break into uncontrollable laughter in front of a patient could raise your blood pressure to a dangerous level.
4. You've tried explaining to a patient that uncontrolled laughter is a therapeutic tool to help alleviate the symptoms of the Charlie horse that they called you for.
5. You enjoy the radio, but only when it's talking to you, and you can respond.
6. You wake up to the ever-difficult decision: bed head or ugly baseball cap"
7. You wonder how you can get the nap-induced crease off your face during a seven minute response time.
8. You wonder why most people are attracted to pretty eyes, nice smiles or great hair. Your type has nice veins, good perfusion, and a strong pulse.
9. While on a crazy call you regularly ask yourself, do I really need the police"
10. When getting into bed you wonder, shorts and a t-shirt, or ready wrapped"
11. Normal people pull over to the side when they hear sirens in the distance, medics feel that shot of adrenaline and hit the gas (even when off duty).
12. You've actually said, and meant it, "But officer, I thought I was at work when I sped through the intersection!"
13. You find yourself trying to convince friends and family that you really are kind and caring; you are just acting like you are not.
14. You regret that you didn't request police back-up.
15. You've never thought: Hmmmmm what to wear" Hello, blue pants with the blue shirt and the black shoes.
16. You wonder if you're hungry or just tired. You eat anyway.
17. You think about choking the asshole that abused that kid.
18. You contemplate whether to sleep in your seat or sleep standing.
19. You decide it's perfectly acceptable to get into bed in your uniform with puke on your leg.
What did I miss" What are some thoughts your non-EMS friends just don't understand"
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Remember 2 Things: Physical health in tight quarters
Staying fit while on the job is challenging — especially when it's hard to find an area to work out in. Steve Whitehead, host of Remember 2 Things, discusses ways EMS professionals can work out in tight spaces that are great for your fitness and health.
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Systems biology: impressions from a newcomer graduate student in 2016
As a newcomer, the philosophical basis of systems biology seems intuitive and appealing, the underlying philosophy being that the whole of a living system cannot be completely understood by the study of its individual parts. Yet answers to the questions "What is systems biology?" and "What constitutes a systems biology approach in 2016?" are somewhat more elusive. This seems to be due largely to the diversity of disciplines involved and the varying emphasis placed on the computational modeling and experimental aspects of systems biology. As such, the education of systems biology would benefit from multidisciplinary collaboration with both instructors and students from a range of disciplines within the same course. This essay is the personal reflection of a graduate student trying to get an introductory overview of the field of systems biology and some thoughts about effective education of systems biology.
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Faculty and second-year medical student perceptions of active learning in an integrated curriculum
Patients expect physicians to be lifelong learners who are able to interpret and evaluate diagnostic tests, and most medical schools list the development of lifelong learning in their program objectives. However, lecture is the most often utilized form of teaching in the first two years and is considered passive learning. The current generation of medical students has many characteristics that should support active learning pedagogies. The purpose of this study was to analyze student and faculty perceptions of active learning in an integrated medical curriculum at the second-year mark, where students have been exposed to multiple educational pedagogies. The first hypothesis of the study was that faculty would favor active learning methods. The second hypothesis was that Millennial medical students would favor active learning due to their characteristics. Primary faculty for years 1 and 2 and second-year medical students were recruited for an e-mail survey consisting of 12 questions about active learning and lecture. Students perceived that lecture and passive pedagogies were more effective for learning, whereas faculty felt active and collaborative learning was more effective. Students believed that more content should be covered by lecture than faculty. There were also significant differences in perceptions of what makes a good teacher. Students and faculty both felt that lack of time in the curriculum and preparation time were barriers for faculty. The data suggest that students are not familiar with the process of learning and that more time may be needed to help students develop lifelong learning skills.
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Performance in physiology evaluation: possible improvement by active learning strategies
The evaluation process is complex and extremely important in the teaching/learning process. Evaluations are constantly employed in the classroom to assist students in the learning process and to help teachers improve the teaching process. The use of active methodologies encourages students to participate in the learning process, encourages interaction with their peers, and stimulates thinking about physiological mechanisms. This study examined the performance of medical students on physiology over four semesters with and without active engagement methodologies. Four activities were used: a puzzle, a board game, a debate, and a video. The results show that engaging in activities with active methodologies before a physiology cognitive monitoring test significantly improved student performance compared with not performing the activities. We integrate the use of these methodologies with classic lectures, and this integration appears to improve the teaching/learning process in the discipline of physiology and improves the integration of physiology with cardiology and neurology. In addition, students enjoy the activities and perform better on their evaluations when they use them.
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Team-based learning in large enrollment classes
The goal of this review is to highlight the key elements needed to successfully deploy team-based learning (TBL) in any class, but especially in large enrolment classes, where smooth logistics are essential. The text is based on a lecture and workshop given at the American Physiological Society's Institute on Teaching and Learning in Madison, WI, in June 2016. After a short overview of the TBL method, its underpinning in learning theory, and a summary of current evidence for its effectiveness, we present two case studies from our own teaching practices in a new medical school. The first case study explores critical elements of design and planning for a TBL module, and the second explores best practices in classroom management. As medical educators in the fields of physiology, pediatrics, nephrology, and family medicine, we present the objective views of subject matter experts who adopted TBL as one teaching method rather than TBL experts or advocates per se. The review is aimed primarily at faculty contemplating using TBL for the first time who are interested in exploring the significant benefits and challenges of TBL.
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Build your customized License Plate at theEMSstore
theEMSstore, a trusted, top supplier of critical supplies geared toward EMS professionals, is excited to offer their brand-new-and-improved custom license-plate builder – the perfect tool for creating a durable, highly visible plate that resists fading, cracking, and peeling. Thanks to an innovative, user-friendly Build-It. See-It. Buy-It. system – a proprietary, web-based tool that allows ...
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Ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
We hypothesize that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with C6:0 ceramide on food intake. In a second experiment, we assessed the effects in brain areas of ceramide treatment on neuropeptide expression, fatty acid-sensing systems, and cellular signaling pathways. Ceramide treatment induced a decrease in food intake, a response opposed to the orexigenic effect described in mammals, which can be related to enhanced mRNA abundance of cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and proopiomelanocortin and decreased mRNA abundance of Agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Fatty acid-sensing systems appear to be inactivated by ceramide treatment. The mRNA abundance of integrative sensors AMPK and sirtuin 1, and the phosphorylation status of cellular signaling pathways dependent on protein kinase B, AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) are generally activated by ceramide treatment. However, there are differences between hypothalamus and hindbrain in the phosphorylation status of AMPK (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), mTOR (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), and FoxO1 (increased in hypothalamus and decreased in hindbrain) to ceramide treatment. The results suggest that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals in some cases.
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Expansion of capacities for iron transport and sequestration reflects plasma volumes and heart mass among white-blooded notothenioid fishes
The family Channichthyidae or "icefishes" (suborder Notothenioidei) represents the only vertebrates lacking hemoglobin (Hb) as adults. Several icefish species also do not express cardiac myoglobin (Mb). We address how levels of proteins involved in iron (Fe) processing (transport, sequestration, and export) vary among white- and red-blooded notothenioids, and whether absence of Hb and/or Mb in channichthyids is accompanied by expansion of contents of Fe-binding proteins to protect against unchaperoned Fe. Levels of transferrin (Tf), ferritin (Ft), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and non-heme Fe were quantified in plasma, serum, and/or nonhematopoietic tissues (cardiac ventricle, skeletal muscle, and liver) from species of white-blooded (Chaenocephalus aceratus, Champsocephalus gunnari, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus) (the first two species not expressing Mb) and red-blooded (Notothenia coriiceps, Gobionotothen gibberifrons) notothenioids. We also measured levels of ascorbate (Asc), a mediator of Fe uptake. While plasma concentrations of Tf and tissue levels of Asc are similar among species, concentrations of plasma Asc are lower in white-blooded species. Concentrations of Ft and non-heme Fe and activities of Cp are also generally reduced in icefishes compared with red-blooded notothenioids. The presence of cardiac Mb in some icefish species does not appear to influence levels of proteins involved in Fe processing. To address further the question of Fe sequestration within a physiological context, we account for well-characterized differences in blood volume and heart mass among white- and red-blooded notothenioids. We report that total contents of plasma Tf are greater, while ventricle non-heme Fe is at least at parity in white- vs. red-blooded species.
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Developmental cardiorespiratory physiology of the air-breathing tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus
The physiological transition to aerial breathing in larval air-breathing fishes is poorly understood. We investigated gill ventilation frequency (fG), heart rate (fH), and air breathing frequency (fAB) as a function of development, activity, hypoxia, and temperature in embryos/larvae from day (D) 2.5 to D30 posthatch of the tropical gar, Atractosteus tropicus, an obligate air breather. Gill ventilation at 28°C began at approximately D2, peaking at ~75 beats/min on D5, before declining to ~55 beats/min at D30. Heart beat began ~36–48 h postfertilization and ~1 day before hatching. fH peaked between D3 and D10 at ~140 beats/min, remaining at this level through D30. Air breathing started very early at D2.5 to D3.5 at 1–2 breaths/h, increasing to ~30 breaths/h at D15 and D30. Forced activity at all stages resulted in a rapid but brief increase in both fG and fH, (but not fAB), indicating that even in these early larval stages, reflex control existed over both ventilation and circulation prior to its increasing importance in older fishes. Acute progressive hypoxia increased fG in D2.5–D10 larvae, but decreased fG in older larvae (≥D15), possibly to prevent branchial O2 loss into surrounding water. Temperature sensitivity of fG and fH measured at 20°C, 25°C, 28°C and 38°C was largely independent of development, with a Q10 between 20°C and 38°C of ~2.4 and ~1.5 for fG and fH, respectively. The rapid onset of air breathing, coupled with both respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes as early as D2.5, indicates that larval A. tropicus develops "in the fast lane."
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Major contribution of central pulmonary reservoir discharge to increased pulmonary arterial diastolic blood flow after birth in near-term lambs
Recent fetal lamb data have suggested that the pulmonary trunk (PT) region displays a reservoir function and that a pharmacologically induced fall in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increases and redistributes diastolic discharge from this central pulmonary reservoir toward the lungs, thereby producing a positive diastolic offset in the pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow profile. As a similar offset in PA flow characteristically occurs after birth, this study tested the hypotheses that 1) central pulmonary reservoir discharge is both redistributed toward the lungs and increased in magnitude during the birth transition and 2) discharge from this reservoir constitutes a major component of increased PA diastolic blood flow after birth. Six anesthetized near-term fetal lambs were instrumented with PT, ductal and left PA transit-time flow probes, and aortic, PT and left atrial catheters. Hemodynamic data were recorded in fetuses and at regular intervals during 2-h mechanical ventilation following cesarean section delivery. Diastolic PA blood flow rose from near zero in fetuses to 468 ± 188 ml/min by 15 min (P < 0.001). Central pulmonary reservoir discharge in fetuses (99 ± 44 ml/min) passed primarily right-to-left across the ductus. However, this reservoir discharge redistributed entirely to the lungs by 1 min after birth, and then doubled to a peak of 214 ± 167 ml/min at 15 min (P < 0.001). Reservoir discharge subsequently stabilized at 151 ± 60 ml/min at 30–120 min, which comprised ~50% of diastolic and ~20% of mean PA blood flow. These findings suggest that enhanced diastolic central pulmonary reservoir discharge plays a major role in supporting an increased pulmonary perfusion after birth.
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Heart rate variability during high heat stress: a comparison between young and older adults with and without Type 2 diabetes
We examined whether older individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes (T2D) experience differences in heart rate variability (HRV) during a 3-h exposure to high heat stress compared with young adults. Young (Young; n = 22; 23 ± 3 yr) and older individuals with (T2D; n = 11; 59 ± 9 yr) and without (Older; n = 25; 63 ± 5 yr) T2D were exposed to heat stress (44°C, 30% relative humidity) for 3 h. Fifty-five HRV measures were assessed for 15 min at baseline and at minutes 82.5–97.5 (Mid) and minutes 165–180 (End) during heat stress. When compared with Young, a similar number of HRV indices were significantly different (P < 0.05) in Older (Baseline: 35; Mid: 29; End: 32) and T2D (Baseline: 31; Mid: 30; End: 27). In contrast, the number of HRV indices significantly different (P < 0.05) between Older and T2D were far fewer (Baseline: 13, Mid: 1, End: 3). Within-group analyses demonstrated a greater change in the Young group's HRV during heat stress compared with Older and T2D; the number of significantly different (P < 0.05) HRV indices between baseline and End were 42, 29, and 20, for Young, Older, and T2D, respectively. Analysis of specific HRV domains suggest that the Young group experienced greater sympathetic activity during heat stress compared with Older and T2D. In conclusion, when compared with young, older individuals with and without T2D demonstrate low HRV at baseline and less change in HRV (including an attenuated sympathetic response) during 3 h high heat stress, potentially contributing to impaired thermoregulatory function.
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Deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in isolated mouse heart: role of oxylipins and PPAR{gamma}
The relationship between soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) response to a brief ischemic insult is not known. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exert cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic-acids (DHETs). Therefore, we hypothesized that knocking out sEH enhances CRH through modulation of oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EET/DHET ratio. Compared with sEH+/+, sEH–/– mice showed enhanced CRH, including greater repayment volume (RV; 28% higher, P < 0.001) and repayment/debt ratio (32% higher, P < 0.001). Oxylipins from the heart perfusates were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The 14,15-EET/14,15-DHET ratio was 3.7-fold higher at baseline (P < 0.001) and 5.6-fold higher post-ischemia (P < 0.001) in sEH–/– compared with sEH+/+ mice. Likewise, the baseline 9,10- and 12,13-EpOME/DiHOME ratios were 3.2-fold (P < 0.01) and 3.7-fold (P < 0.001) higher, respectively in sEH–/– compared with sEH+/+ mice. 13-HODE was also significantly increased at baseline by 71% (P < 0.01) in sEH–/– vs. sEH+/+ mice. Levels of 5-, 11-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were not significantly different between the two strains (P > 0.05), but were decreased postischemia in both groups (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.05, P = 0.03, respectively). Modulation of CRH by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) was demonstrated using a PPAR-antagonist (T0070907), which reduced repayment volume by 25% in sEH+/+ (P < 0.001) and 33% in sEH–/– mice (P < 0.01), and a PPAR-agonist (rosiglitazone), which increased repayment volume by 37% in both sEH+/+ (P = 0.04) and sEH–/– mice (P = 0.04). l-NAME attenuated CRH in both sEH–/– and sEH+/+. These data demonstrate that genetic deletion of sEH resulted in an altered oxylipin profile, which may have led to an enhanced CRH response.
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Sustained increases in blood pressure elicited by prolonged face cooling in humans
We tested the hypothesis that increases in blood pressure are sustained throughout 15 min of face cooling. Two independent trials were carried out. In the Face-Cooling Trial, 10 healthy adults underwent 15 min of face cooling where a 2.5-liter bag of ice water (0 ± 0°C) was placed over their cheeks, eyes, and forehead. The Sham Trial was identical except that the temperature of the water was 34 ± 1°C. Primary dependent variables were forehead temperature, mean arterial pressure, and forearm vascular resistance. The square root of the mean of successive differences in R-R interval (RMSSD) provided an index of cardiac parasympathetic activity. In the Face Cooling Trial, forehead temperature fell from 34.1 ± 0.9°C at baseline to 12.9 ± 3.3°C at the end of face cooling (P < 0.01). Mean arterial pressure increased from 83 ± 9 mmHg at baseline to 106 ± 13 mmHg at the end of face cooling (P < 0.01). RMSSD increased from 61 ± 40 ms at baseline to 165 ± 97 ms during the first 2 min of face cooling (P ≤ 0.05), but returned to baseline levels thereafter (65 ± 49 ms, P ≥ 0.46). Forearm vascular resistance increased from 18.3 ± 4.4 mmHg·ml–1·100 g tissue–1·min at baseline to 26.6 ± 4.0 mmHg·ml–1·100 g tissue–1·min at the end of face cooling (P < 0.01). There were no changes in the Sham Trial. These data indicate that increases in blood pressure are sustained throughout 15 min of face cooling, and face cooling elicits differential time-dependent parasympathetic and likely sympathetic activation.
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Nocturnal sleep uniformly reduces numbers of different T-cell subsets in the blood of healthy men
In humans, numbers of circulating T cells show a circadian rhythm with peak counts during the night and a steep decline in the morning. Sleep per se appears to counter this rhythm by acutely reducing the total number of T cells. The T-cell population, however, is rather heterogeneous, comprising various subpopulations with different features and functions and also different circadian rhythms. Therefore, we examined here whether sleep likewise differentially affects these subsets. We measured eight different T-cell subsets (naïve, central memory, effector memory, and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) over a 24-h period under conditions of sustained wakefulness compared with a regular sleep-wake cycle in 14 healthy young men. Sleep reduced the number of all T-cell subsets during nighttime with this effect reaching the P < 0.05 level of significance in all but one subpopulation, i.e., effector CD4+ T cells, where it only approached significance. Furthermore, sleep was associated with an increase in growth hormone, prolactin, and aldosterone levels, whereas concentrations of catecholamines tended to be lower than during nocturnal wakefulness. The effect of sleep uniformly decreasing the different T-cell subsets is surprising considering their differential function and circadian rhythms, and even more so, since the sleep-induced decreases in these subsets are probably conveyed by different hormonal mediators. Although the reductions in cell numbers are rather small, they are comparable to changes seen, for example, after vaccination and are, therefore, likely to be of physiological relevance.
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Effects of aerobic exercise under different thermal conditions on human somatosensory processing
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) under temperate [TEMP, 20°C and 40% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (HOT, 35°C and 30% RH) environments. Fifteen healthy subjects performed 4 x 15-min bouts of a moderate cycling exercise [mean power output: 156.5 ± 7.7 (SE) W], with a 10-min rest period and received a posterior tibial nerve stimulation at the left ankle before and after each exercise bout; SEPs were recorded in five sessions; 1st (pre), 2nd (post-1st exercise bout), 3rd (post-2nd exercise bout), 4th (post-3rd exercise bout), and 5th (post-4th exercise bout). The peak latencies and amplitudes of the P37, N50, P60, and N70 components at Cz were evaluated. The latencies of P37, N50, P60, and N70 were significantly shorter with the repetition of aerobic exercise, and these shortened latencies were significantly greater in the HOT condition than in the TEMP condition (P37: 3rd, P < 0.05, and 5th, P < 0.01; P60: 4th, P < 0.05, and 5th, P < 0.01; N70: 4th, P < 0.05, and 5th, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the amplitudes of any SEP component under either thermal condition. These results suggest that the conduction velocity of the ascending somatosensory input was accelerated by increases in body temperature, and aerobic exercise did not alter the strength of neural activity in cortical somatosensory processing.
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Validity of a perceptually-regulated step test protocol for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults
Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) could be predicted accurately and reliably from a 2-step, perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRET) in healthy adults.
Methods
Sixteen participants (31.7 ± 11.3 years, 3 females) completed three PRETs (separated by 24–72 h) and one maximal, perceptually-regulated, graded exercise test (PRETmax) on a motorized treadmill. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during each test. VO2 values for RPE range 9–15 were extrapolated to RPE 20 and age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax) using individual linear regression analysis to predict VO2max values compared to measured VO2max.
Results
VO2 and HR values were consistent between each of four RPE levels of the PRET. ICC values ranged between 0.76 and 0.85. Predicted VO2max from both methods were lower than measured VO2max (p < 0.01). Limits of agreement (LoA) for measured (41.4 ± 5.3 ml kg−1 min−1) versus predicted VO2max from each of the three PRETs using RPE20 were −1.2 ± 15.6, −1.0 ± 7.2 and −2.1 ± 5.5 and for HRmax were −1.8 ± 4.2; −2.6 ± 4.2 and −2.4 ± 4.4 ml kg−1 min−1 for PRET 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
Conclusions
The step PRET elicited significant and reliable increases in VO2 across the four RPE levels, but under-estimated treadmill VO2max. However, there was better agreement between measured and predicted VO2max when extrapolated to HRmax. As evidence indicates the underestimation of VO2max is explained by the difference in the mode of exercise, the step PRET provides a simple and convenient test of cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Sequencing and comparative analysis of Aegilops tauschii chromosome arm 3DS revealed rapid evolution of Triticeae genomes
Source:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Jingzhong Xie, Naxin Huo, Shenghui Zhou, Yi Wang, Guanghao Guo, Karin R. Deal, Shuhong Ouyang, Yong Liang, Zhenzhong Wang, Lichan Xiao, Tingting Zhu, Tiezhu Hu, Vijay Tiwari, Jianwei Zhang, Hongxia Li, Zhongfu Ni, Yingyin Yao, Huiru Peng, Shengli Zhang, Olin D. Anderson, Patrick E. McGuire, Jan Dvorak, Ming-Cheng Luo, Zhiyong Liu, Yong Q. Gu, Qixin Sun
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) is an allohexaploid species derived from two rounds of interspecific hybridizations. A high-quality genome sequence assembly of diploid Aegilops tauschii, the donor of the wheat D genome, will provide a useful platform to study polyploid wheat evolution. A combined approach of BAC pooling and next-generation sequencing technology was employed to sequence the minimum tiling path (MTP) of 3176 BAC clones from the short arm of Ae. tauschii chromosome 3 (At3DS). The final assembly of 135 super-scaffolds with an N50 of 4.2 Mb was used to build a 247-Mb pseudomolecule with a total of 2222 predicted protein-coding genes. Compared with the orthologous regions of rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum, At3DS contains 38.67% more genes. In comparison to At3DS, the short arm sequence of wheat chromosome 3B (Ta3BS) is 95-Mb large in size, which is primarily due to the expansion of the non-centromeric region, suggesting that transposable element (TE) bursts in Ta3B likely occurred there. Also, the size increase is accompanied by a proportional increase in gene number in Ta3BS. We found that in the sequence of short arm of wheat chromosome 3D (Ta3DS), there was only less than 0.27% gene loss compared to At3DS. Our study reveals divergent evolution of grass genomes and provides new insights into sequence changes in the polyploid wheat genome.
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Explication and Definition of Mental Health Recovery: A Systematic Review
Abstract
This review assessed the concordance of the literature on recovery with the definition and components of recovery developed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Each SAMHSA identified recovery component was first explicated with synonyms and keywords and made mutually exclusive by authors. Inter-rater reliability was established on the coding of the presence of 17 recovery components and dimensions in 67 literature reviews on the recovery concept in mental health. The review indicated that concordance varied across SAMHSA components. The components of recovery with greatest concordance were: individualized/person centered, empowerment, purpose, and hope.
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Transposable elements drive aging [Genetics]
The process of senescence is typically accompanied by a gradual (or not so gradual) loss of the capacity to maintain homeostasis that, in turn, is thought to underlie the promotion of the reduced function and disease states that typically accompany old age. Although there are multiple factors that likely contribute...
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Transposable element activation in aging flies [Genetics]
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements, highly enriched in heterochromatin, that constitute a large percentage of the DNA content of eukaryotic genomes. Aging in Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by loss of repressive heterochromatin structure and loss of silencing of reporter genes in constitutive heterochromatin regions. Using next-generation sequencing, we...
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LOF mutations of NF-{kappa}B pathway regulators in NPC [Genetics]
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy with a unique geographical distribution. The genomic abnormalities leading to NPC pathogenesis remain unclear. In total, 135 NPC tumors were examined to characterize the mutational landscape using whole-exome sequencing and targeted resequencing. An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis signature was revealed in the somatic...
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Divergent H19/Igf2 imprinting across species [Genetics]
Genomic imprinting affects a subset of genes in mammals, such that they are expressed in a monoallelic, parent-of-origin–specific manner. These genes are regulated by imprinting control regions (ICRs), cis-regulatory elements that exhibit allele-specific differential DNA methylation. Although genomic imprinting is conserved in mammals, ICRs are genetically divergent across species. This...
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Association Between Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression: A Population-Based Study
Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Association Between Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression: A Population-Based Study
Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Company raises $7.5M for portable stroke detection device
Officials said having the device in an ambulance to diagnose a stroke in the field would allow paramedics to send patients to the best treatment center.
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The regulation of human globin promoters by CCAAT box elements and the recruitment of NF-Y
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Gabriella E. Martyn, Kate G.R. Quinlan, Merlin Crossley
CCAAT boxes are motifs found within the proximal promoter of many genes, including the human globin genes. The highly conserved nature of CCAAT box motifs within the promoter region of both α-like and β-like globin genes emphasises the functional importance of the CCAAT sequence in globin gene regulation. Mutations within the β-globin CCAAT box result in β-thalassaemia, while mutations within the distal γ-globin CCAAT box cause the Hereditary Persistence of Foetal Haemoglobin, a benign condition which results in continued γ-globin expression during adult life. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of the globin genes is of particular interest, as reactivating the foetal γ-globin gene alleviates the symptoms of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia. NF-Y is considered to be the primary activating transcription factor which binds to globin CCAAT box motifs. Here we review recruitment of NF-Y to globin CCAAT boxes and the role NF-Y plays in regulating globin gene expression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
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BET bromodomain is a novel regulator of TAZ and its activity
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Qiong Duan, Yi Xiao, Zhenzhen Liu, Xiaoxiao Mao, Zhengxiang Zhou, Chaonan Liao, Jinxing Cai, Fulian Huang, Zehao Liu, Jian Zeng, Ke Xia, Cheng Chang, Jun Qi, Zihua Chen, He Huang, Tianlun Yang
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key transcriptional mediator of Hippo signaling that has been recently reported to mediate Wnt-activated transcription and serve as a component to suppress canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity. The Bromodomain and Extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins can recognize the acetylated lysine chain on histones and plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional repression by the BET bromodomain are poorly understood. Here, we found that BET bromodomain inhibition upregulated TAZ protein and its transcriptional output, independent of its well-established role as a mediator of Hippo and Wnt signaling. Additionally, JQ1, a synthetic BET inhibitor, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin activity by upregulating TAZ. Although JQ1 upregulated TAZ, which is known to promote cell proliferation, it drastically suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our study identified an unexpected transcriptional repression function of the BET bromodomain and a novel mechanism for TAZ upregulation.
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Making extra teeth: Lessons from a TRPS1 mutation
A Thai mother and her two daughters were affected with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I. The daughters had 15 and 18 supernumerary teeth, respectively. The mother had normal dentition. Mutation analysis of TRPS1 showed a novel heterozygous c.3809_3811delACTinsCATGTTGTG mutation in all. This mutation is predicted to cause amino acid changes in the Ikaros-like zinc finger domain near the C-terminal end of TRPS1, which is important for repressive protein function. The results of our study and the comprehensive review of the literature show that pathways of forming supernumerary teeth appear to involve APC and RUNX2, the genes responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia, respectively. The final pathway resulting in supernumerary teeth seems to involve Wnt, a morphogen active during many stages of development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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How to spot someone who is lying about military experience
In recent EMS news, there has been talk of new legislation that will help military veterans with medic training to transition into the civilian workforce, helping to address a shortage of EMTs. Licensing requirements and varying degrees of experience can make it difficult for returning servicemen to find jobs, but programs are emerging that can help.
A question posted recently on Quora asked, "How do you spot someone who is lying about his/her military experience"" A few answers stood out to us, especially one by an USAF veteran. You can read the reply below:
By Jon Mixon, USAF veteran
1. They don't know the jargon — An MOS (Military Occupation Specialty code) is the US Army's designation for what you do in the service. In the US Air Force it's called an AFSC (Air Force Specialty Code). If someone argues that they have MOS's in the Air Force, they weren't in the military.
2. They don't know the bases/forts/camps — If an "Army Ranger" doesn't know where Ft. Lewis is, then they aren't a Ranger. If an Air Force member doesn't know where Nellis AFB is, then they weren't in the military. If a US Marine tells you that Camp LeJeune is in SOUTH Carolina, they weren't/aren't a Marine.
3. They deny having to perform basic military duties — Everybody cleans in the military. It's a core responsibility, unless you are a command officer. If the Special Forces operator sitting at the bar claims that he never had to clean his barracks for an inspection, end the conversation as you are talking to a phony.
4. They don't know the equipment — Any Air Force member who can't identify the type (or types) of aircraft at the facility where they claimed to have served, probably wasn't in the Air Force. Any sailor who can't identify the class of ship on which they served probably wasn't a sailor.
5. They have "trouble" with rank — Especially within the branch of the service in which they claim to have served. If a former "SEAL" argues that a Chief Petty Officer is a higher grade than one you know it not be, he wasn't a "SEAL." If an "airman" doesn't know that a Chief Master Sergeant is an E-9, then they likely weren't an airman.
Frankly, the fakers rarely spend the requisite amount of time necessary to make their stories authentic. They get tripped up on the minor details and it falls apart quickly under moderate scrutiny.
Ask a few questions. If you don't like the answers, I would suggest ending the conversation. I always do.
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Evaluation of analgesic effect of Gentamicin in thermally induced pain models in rats and mice
2016-10-05T07-48-38Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Raghunatha Rao Ponnaluri, Bhanu Prakash Kolasani, Raghunandan Mudium.
Background: Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of calcium ions in nociception and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels being critical for pain transduction and modulation. N-type calcium channel blockers represent a new class of analgesics that are selective for calcium channels involved in pain signal transmission. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic was discovered to block these N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels. Aims and Objectives: The present study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of gentamicin in thermally induced pain models of rats and mice and compare it against the standard analgesic aspirin. Materials and methods: A total of 24 rats and 24 mice were distributed into four groups of 6 each: Group A received distilled water as control, Group B received Gentamicin- low dose (80 μg/kg), Group C received Gentamicin- high dose (160 μg/kg), and Group D received standard drug Aspirin (20 mg/kg in rats and 25 mg/kg in mice); all drugs were given intraperitoneally. Analgesic activity was determined using tail flick method and hot plate method. In both the methods, the mean reaction time (MRT) in seconds at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min among the four groups were noted in both rats and mice. The percentage increase in MRT was calculated which indicates the degree of analgesia produced. Results: In the tail flick test, increase in the MRT was statistically significant (P
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Pupil old/new effects reflect stimulus encoding and decoding in short-term memory
Abstract
We conducted five pupil old/new experiments to examine whether pupil old/new effects can be linked to familiarity and/or recollection processes of recognition memory. In Experiments 1–3, we elicited robust pupil old/new effects for legal words and pseudowords (Experiment 1), positive and negative words (Experiment 2), and low-frequency and high-frequency words (Experiment 3). Importantly, unlike for old/new effects in ERPs, we failed to find any effects of long-term memory representations on pupil old/new effects. In Experiment 4, using the words and pseudowords from Experiment 1, participants made lexical decisions instead of old/new decisions. Pupil old/new effects were restricted to legal words. Additionally requiring participants to make speeded responses (Experiment 5) led to a complete absence of old/new effects. Taken together, these data suggest that pupil old/new effects do not map onto familiarity and recollection processes of recognition memory. They rather seem to reflect strength of memory traces in short-term memory, with little influence of long-term memory representations. Crucially, weakening the memory trace through manipulations in the experimental task significantly reduces pupil/old new effects.
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Company raises $3M for portable stroke detection device
Officials said having the device in an ambulance to diagnose a stroke in the field would allow paramedics to send patients to the best treatment center.
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