Structural and Histochemical Changes in Neurons in the Frontal Cortex of the Brain in Rats with Cholestasis

Objectives. To study structural and histochemical changes in neurons in the frontal cortex of the brain in rats after ligation of the common bile duct. Materials and methods. The cortex of the frontal lobe was studied in 72 mongrel adult white male rats weighing 200 ± 25 g. Ligation of the common bile duct and development of cholestasis (experimental group) and sham surgery (control group) was followed by histological and histochemical studies of microstructural changes in pyramidal neurons in all layers of the frontal cortex on days 2, 5, 10, 20, 45, and 90. Results. Ligation of the common bile duct in rats producing cholestasis led to profound histological and histochemical changes in neurons in the frontal cortex of the brain: changes in size and shape, and appearance of hyperchromic shrunken neurons and ghost cells. Impairments to energy and plastic metabolism in neurons led to the death of the experimental animals. The consequences of cholestasis in the brains of rats were apparent on days 2–5 and reached a maximum on days 10–20. In the later post-operative period (45–90 days), groups of survivors showed gradual reductions in these changes, though the consequences of cholestasis consisted of foci of neuron loss in all layers of the frontal cortex. Conclusions. It is suggested that survival of rats after ligation of the common bile duct is due to formation of bypass bile ducts, with elimination of cholestasis and the high adaptive potential of neurons.

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