Postprandial augmentation index is reduced in adults with prediabetes following continuous and interval exercise training

Abstract

Background

People with prediabetes have elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in part due to low insulin sensitivity mediated arterial stiffness. However, the effect of short‐term exercise training intensity, and/or amount (i.e. kcal/session), on fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that increased exercise intensity and dose (i.e. amount) would correlate with reduced fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness in obese adults with prediabetes.

Methods

Following randomization, 31 adults (Age: 61.4 ± 8.3 y, BMI: 32.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2) with prediabetes performed supervised continuous (CONT; n = 17; 70% of HRpeak) or interval (INT; n = 14; 3 min at 50% HRpeak and 3 min at 90% HRpeak) cycling training for 60 min/d over 2‐wks. Exercise amount was calculated using VO2‐HR derived regression equations. Arterial stiffness (augmentation index; AI and cartoid‐femoral pulse wave velocity; caPWV), insulin and glucose were determined during a 75 g OGTT and analyzed by total area under the curve (tAUC) pre/post training. The simple index of insulin sensitivity (SIIS)OGTT was calculated; aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and body mass were also assessed.

Results

Short‐term training had no effect on weight, but did improve VO2peak (P = 0.003), glucose tAUC180min (P = 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.002), independent of intensity. CONT and INT exercise significantly reduced AI 2‐hr postprandial (P = 0.008) and tAUC180min (P = 0.03). Reductions in fasted AI related to exercise dose (trend: r = ‐0.37, P = 0.055). Increased VO2peak was linked to reduced fasted (r = ‐0.47, P = 0.01) and tAUC180min AI (r = ‐0.39, P = 0.05). Decreased AI tAUC180min correlated with increased insulin sensitivity (r = ‐0.50, P = 0.009).

Conclusion

Short‐term CONT and INT training reduced postprandial arterial stiffness comparably in adults with prediabetes.

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

We compared high intensity interval versus continuous training on fasting and postprandial arterial stiffness in people with prediabetes.

What is the main finding and its importance?

We show for the first time that exercise improves augmentation index during the postprandial, but not fasted state, in adults with prediabetes. However, fasted augmentation index improved in relation to exercise dose, as assessed by kilocalories per session. Collectively, these findings suggest that short‐term exercise can improve arterial compliance in adults with prediabetes. Therefore, lifestyle interventions designed to reduce arterial stiffness could have considerable clinical impact.

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