A Murine Model of Robotic Training to Evaluate Skeletal Muscle Recovery after Injury.

Purpose: In vivo studies have suggested that motor exercise can improve muscle regeneration after injury. Nevertheless, pre-clinical investigations still lack reliable tools to monitor motor performance over time and to deliver optimal training protocols to maximize force recovery. Here, we evaluated the utility of a murine robotic platform to (i) detect early impairment and longitudinal recovery after acute skeletal muscle injury and (ii) administer varying intensity training protocols to enhance forelimb motor performance. Methods: A custom-designed robotic platform was used to train mice to perform a forelimb retraction task. Following an acute injury to bilateral biceps brachii muscles, animals performed a daily training protocol in the platform at high (HL) or low (LL) loading levels over the course of three weeks. Control animals were not trained (NT). Motor performance was assessed by quantifying force, time, sub-movement count, and number of movement attempts to accomplish the task. Myofiber number and cross-sectional area at the injury site were quantified histologically. Results: Two days after injury, significant differences in the time, sub-movement count, number of movement attempts and exerted force were observed in all mice, as compared to baseline values. Interestingly, recovery time of muscle force production differed significantly between intervention groups, with HL group showing a significantly accelerated recovery. Three weeks after injury, all groups showed motor performance comparable to baseline values. Accordingly, there were no differences in the number of myofibers or average cross-sectional area among groups after 3 weeks. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of our custom designed robotic device for quantitative assessment of skeletal muscle function in pre-clinical murine studies. Moreover, we demonstrate that this device may be used to apply varying levels of resistance longitudinally as a means manipulate physiological muscle responses. (C) 2016 American College of Sports Medicine

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