Purpose Ingestion of exogenous ketones alters the metabolic response to exercise and may improve exercise performance, but has not been explored in variable intensity team sport activity, or for effects on cognitive function. Methods On two occasions in a double-blind, randomised crossover design, eleven male team sport athletes performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (Part A, 5x15 min intermittent running; Part B, shuttle run to exhaustion), with a cognitive test battery before and after. A 6.4% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution was consumed before and during exercise either alone (PLA), or with 750 mg⋅kg−1 of a ketone ester supplement (KE). Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and 15 m sprint times were recorded throughout, and serial venous blood samples were assayed for plasma glucose, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). Results KE resulted in plasma βHB concentrations of ~1.5 to 2.6 mM during exercise (P
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