Influence of CAD/CAM fabrication on denture surface properties

Abstract

Background

Three main properties are responsible for the microbial attractiveness of denture surfaces: roughness, hydrophilicity and free surface energy.

Objective

This study investigated whether CAD/CAM-fabricated dentures are more favourable for these surface properties than conventionally fabricated dentures.

Methods

The mucosal surface roughness of 54 standardised study dentures was measured using contact profilometry. The surface hydrophilicity and free surface energy of 70 standardised denture-resin specimens were determined by contact angle measurements. Both experimental settings compared AvaDent (AD), Baltic Denture System (BDS), Vita VIONIC (VV), Whole You Nexteeth (WN) and Wieland Digital Dentures (WDD) surfaces with conventionally manufactured denture surfaces (control group). The data were analysed using ANOVA together with Tukey's test or the Games-Howell post hoc test.

Results

All CAD/CAM dentures had lower mean surface roughness values than conventional dentures. For AD, VV, WN and WDD, the differences were statistically significant. VV (p < .001), coated WN (p < .001), AD (p = .023) and BDS specimens (p = .027) were significantly more hydrophilic than the control group. All measured surface energies were of similar magnitude (mean values between 31.82 mJ/m² and 33.68 mJ/m²), and only coated WN specimens had a significantly increased mean value (66.62 mJ/m², p < .001).

Conclusion

Although most CAD/CAM dentures have smoother and more hydrophilic surfaces than conventional dentures, there is no difference in their free surface energy, except for coated dentures.

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