Synchronizing Gait with Cardiac Cycle Phase Alters Heart Rate Response during Running

ABSTRACT Timing foot strike to occur in synchrony with cardiac diastole may reduce left ventricular afterload and promote coronary and skeletal muscle perfusion. Purpose To assess heart rate (HR) and metabolic responses to running when foot strikes are timed to occur exclusively during 1) the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, or 2) the diastolic phase. Methods Ten elite male distance runners performed a testing session on a treadmill at 4.72 m[BULLET OPERATOR]s-1 while matching their steps to an auditory tone and wearing a chest strap that transmitted accelerometer and ECG signals. Testing comprised eight prompted three-minute stages, where a real-time adaptive auditory tone guided subjects to step with each ECG R-wave (systolic stepping) or alternatively, at 45% of each R-R interval (diastolic stepping), followed by a three-minute unprompted control stage. Metabolic variables were measured continuously. Results HR (p

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