Masticatory performance-related factors in preschool children: Establishing a method to assess masticatory performance in preschool children using colour-changeable chewing gum

Abstract

Background

A knowledge gap regarding masticatory performance in preschool children exists, which in turn delays intervention for preventive care; therefore, a method to easily assess performance is needed.

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of assessing masticatory performance using colour-changeable chewing gum, and to investigate masticatory performance-related factors in preschool children.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey was conducted in two childcare facilities and our laboratory. First, a one-third quantity of colour-changeable chewing gum was masticated by six adults to assess the nature and progression of colour changes in this quantity. Then, masticatory performance in 370 children 4 to 6 years of age was assessed using the same quantity of colour-changeable chewing gum (60 chew strokes). The maximum bite force, body height, weight, age, and number of healthy teeth were recorded. A t-test was performed to determine whether gum-chewing experience or lack thereof produced a significant difference in masticatory performance. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was then determined for masticatory performance assessment values and other factors solely for children with gum-chewing experience.

Results

Measurements from 259 children were obtained. Children with gum-chewing experience demonstrated significantly higher assessment values, and were deemed to have been correctly assessed. A very weak but significant positive correlation was observed only between masticatory performance and the number of healthy teeth.

Conclusions

The masticatory performance of preschool children was easily assessed using colour-changeable chewing gum. The assessment values demonstrated significant correlation with the number of healthy teeth, but not with maximum bite force, body height, weight, or age.

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