Measuring participation in chronic back pain patients – the 5-item pain disability index

Of the three broad outcome domains of body functions and structures, activities, and participation (e.g., engaging in valued social roles) outlined in the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), it has been argued that participation is the most important to individuals, particularly those with chronic health problems. Yet, participation is not commonly measured in back pain research.

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