Non-invasive brain stimulation in the modulation of cerebral blood flow after stroke: a systematic review of Transcranial Doppler studies

NIBS has been successfully explored as a biomarker and therapeutic adjunct for functional recovery after stroke. rTMS and tDCS are two such promising neuromodulatory techniques that have been widely investigated to prime the motor areas of the brain in combination with task-specific practice (Bastani et al., 2012, Hsu et al., 2012, Jodie et al., 2015, Le et al., 2014). Although these techniques have demonstrated modest efficacy, clinical translation is still limited as the underlying physiological mechanisms are not completely understood, nor is the inter-individual variability associated with these techniques resolved (López-Alonso et al., 2014, Maeda et al., 2000, Wiethoff et al., 2014).

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