Dysbiosis in Snoring Children: an Interlink to Comorbidities?

Background and Objectives: Early microbial colonization has a key impact on infant health through nutritional, immunological, and metabolic programming. The origin of child snoring is multifactorial and complex, and may thereby also generate long-term health problems. The link between child snoring and gut microbes remains unclear, although indirect evidence exists regarding this relationship. This study aimed to characterize the connection between gut microbiota and child snoring. Methods: In a prospective, observational CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort study, gut microbiota in a subcohort of 43 of these children at 2 years of life was profiled with 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: A higher abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum, the Enterobacteriaceae family, and Erysipelotrichaceae family, as well as a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes were detected in snorers as compared to controls. Furthermore, snorers showed significantly lower microbial diversity and richness than non-snorers. Conclusions: The snoring children manifest different gut microbiota as compared with healthy children. Considering that snoring and sleep disorders can be a source of long-term consequences, including cardiovascular, metabolic, immunological, neurocognitive and behavioural consequences, our results proposes early microbiota as a new treatment target. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Maria Carmen Collado, PhD, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain (. e-mail: mcolam@iata.csic.es). Received 6 May, 2018 Accepted 15 September, 2018 Funding Source: No external funding for this manuscript. Financial Disclosure: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose. © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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