Ocular torsion responses to electrical vestibular stimulation in Vestibular Schwannoma

Electrical Vestibular Stimulation (EVS) is a simple method for activating the vestibular nerve by directly applying cutaneous currents over the mastoid processes (Fitzpatrick et al., 2004). The resulting change in vestibular afferent firing rate produces a sensation of head roll (Reynolds et al., 2012). This, in turn, evokes a variety of motor outputs including sway (Lund et al., 1983) and orienting responses (Fitzpatrick et al., 2006). EVS also activates the vestibular-ocular reflex. The evoked eye movement is primarily torsional, with minimal lateral or vertical component (Schneider et al., 2002, Jahn et al., 2003a, Jahn et al., 2003b, Severac Cauquil et al., 2003, MacDougall et al., 2005, Mackenzie and Reynolds, 2018b).

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