Do Dynamic Fat and Fat-Free Mass Changes follow Theoretical Driven Rules in Athletes?

Introduction: Maximizing fat mass (FM) loss while preserving or increasing fat-free mass (FFM) is a central goal for athletic performance but the composition of body weight (BW) changes over time with training are largely unknown. Purpose: We aimed to analyze FM and FFM contributions to BW changes and to test if these contributions follow established rules and predictions over one athletic season. Methods: Seventy athletes (42 men; handball, volleyball, basketball, triathlon, and swimming) were evaluated from the beginning to the competitive stage of the season and were empirically divided into those who lost (n = 20) or gained >1.5% BW (n = 50). FM and FFM were evaluated with a four-compartment model. Energy densities (ED) of 1.0 kcal·g−1 for FFM and 9.5 kcal·g−1 for FM were used to calculate ED/per kilogram BW change. Results: Athletes that lost >1.5% BW decreased FM by 1.7 ± 1.6 kg (P 1.5% BW increased FFM by 2.3 ± 2.1 kg (P

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