Acute respiratory distress syndrome

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxedTextSection">Key points<ul><li class="bullet">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is commonly encountered in the critical care population and is associated with a high mortality of between 27% and 45%.</li><li class="bullet">ARDS is diagnosed according to the Berlin definition and is characterized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the <span style="font-style:italic;">P</span>a<span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps;">O</span>₂/<span style="font-style:italic;">FI</span><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps;">O</span>₂ ratio.</li><li class="bullet">Accepted management strategies include lung protective ventilation with tidal volumes limited to 6 ml kg⁻¹, positive end expiratory pressure increasing in line with oxygen requirement, and prone positioning in severe cases.</li><li class="bullet">Steroids, statins, inhaled nitric oxide, and high-frequency oscillation ventilation do not have a role in the routine management of adults with ARDS.</li><li class="bullet">Adverse functional and neuropsychological outcomes are increasingly recognized in long-term ARDS survivors.</li></ul></div></span>

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