Kinetics of circulating progenitor cell mobilization during submaximal exercise

Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) are a heterogeneous population of stem/progenitor cells in peripheral blood that includes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs and HSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). CPC mobilization during exercise remains uncharacterized in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of CPC mobilization during and after submaximal treadmill running and their relationship to mobilization factors. Seven men (age=25.3±2.4 years, BMI=23.5±1.0 kg/m², VO2peak=60.9±2.74 ml/kg/min) ran on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 70% VO2peak. Blood sampling occurred before (Pre), during (20 min [20e], 40 min [40e], 60min [60e]), and after (15 min [15p], 60 min [60p], 120 min [120p]) exercise for quantification of CPCs (CD34⁺) HSPCs (CD34⁺/CD45^low), HSCs (CD34⁺/CD45^low/CD38^-), CD34⁺MSCs (CD45^-/CD34⁺/CD31^-/CD105⁺), CD34^-MSCs (CD45^-/CD34^-/CD31^-/CD105⁺), and EPCs (CD45^-/CD34⁺/CD31⁺) via flow cytometry. CPC concentration increased compared to Pre at 20e and 40e (2.7 and 2.4 fold respectively, p<0.05). HSPCs and HSCs increased at 20e compared to 60p (2.7 and 2.8 fold respectively, p<0.05), while EPCs and both MSC populations did not change. CXCL12 (1.5 fold; p<0.05) and SCF (1.3 fold; p<0.05) were increased at 40e, and remained elevated post-exercise. The peak increase in these populations was positively correlated to concentration of EPCs during exercise with no relationship to CXCL12 and SCF. Our data show the kinetics of progenitor cell mobilization during exercise that could provide insight into cellular mediators of exercise-induced adaptations, and have implication for the use of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for CPC collection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

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