Instability Resistance Training Improves Neuromuscular Outcome in Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: This study compared the effects of resistance training (RT) and resistance training with instability (RTI) on neuromuscular and total training volume (TTV) outcomes obtained as part of the Instability Resistance Training Trial in Parkinson's disease (IRRT-PD). It also used a linear multiple regression (forward stepwise method) to identify the contribution of neuromuscular outcomes to previously published improvements in the timed-up-and-go-test and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, motor subscale score (UPDRS-III). Methods: Thirty-nine patients with moderate-to-severe PD were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), RT, and RTI. RT and RTI groups performed resistance exercises twice a week for 12 weeks, only the RTI group used unstable devices to perform resistance exercises. The following neuromuscular outcomes were assessed: quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area; root mean square and mean spike frequency of electromyographic signal, peak torque, rate of torque development, and half relaxation time of the knee extensors and plantar flexors during maximum ballistic voluntary isometric contractions. Total training volume was calculated for lower limb exercises. Results: From pre to post-training, RTI improved all of the neuromuscular outcomes (P

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