Spinal intra-operative three-dimensional navigation: correlation between clinical and absolute engineering accuracy

Spinal intra-operative computer-assisted navigation (CAN) may guide pedicle screw placement. CAN techniques have been reported to reduce pedicle screw breach rates across all spinal levels. However, definitions of screw breach vary widely across studies, if reported at all. The absolute quantitative error of spinal navigation systems is theoretically a more precise and generalizable metric of navigation accuracy. It has also been computed variably, and reported in fewer than a quarter of clinical studies of CAN-guided pedicle screw accuracy.

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