Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Principles and mechanisms of action of transcranial direct current stimulation Alterations of neuroplasticity and cortical excitability are important pathophysiological factors in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Thus, to modify cortical activities by using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) might be a valuable therapeutic approach. One of these NIBS approaches is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Fifty years ago, it has been demonstrated in anesthetized rats that neural activity and cortical excitability could be modified by the application of direct current on the sensorimotor cortex, these effects depending on stimulation polarity and persisting for hours after the end of stimulation (Bindman et al., 1964).

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