Cancer

Cancer experts point to new advances in research and treatment

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 21:59

Substituting adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine for Herceptin improves survival in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 21:59

Issue Information

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 21:59

Association between depth of response and survival in patients with advanced‐stage non–small cell lung cancer treated with first‐line chemotherapy

BackgroundA partial response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors includes a wide range of changes in tumor size. This study evaluated whether further specification of tumor reduction based on the depth of response (DpR) would provide a more precise association with outcomes for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the randomized phase 3 CA031 trial in...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:24

Biopharmacological considerations for accelerating drug development of deguelin, a rotenoid with potent chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potential

Deguelin is a rotenoid compound that exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants. An analysis of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that deguelin displays potent anticancer activity against multiple cancer types and exhibits chemopreventive potential in Akt‐inducible transgenic mouse models. Deguelin appears to impede carcinogenesis by enhancing cell apoptosis and hindering malignant transformation and tumor cell propagation....

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:21

Rural–urban residence and cancer survival in high‐income countries: A systematic review

There is some evidence that place of residence is associated with cancer survival, but the findings are inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms by which residential location might affect survival are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating the association of rural versus urban residence with cancer survival in high‐income countries. We searched the Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:16

Metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer: Abiraterone, docetaxel, or...

For decades, the management of patients with advanced prostate cancer has been hormonal therapy, known as androgen deprivation therapy, which is intended to lower testosterone levels. Further incremental progress in the treatment of men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has come from the addition of docetaxel or abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy for more aggressive upfront treatment regimens. Other combinatorial regimens testing the addition of novel...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:10

Yoga for symptom management in oncology: A review of the evidence base and future directions for research

Because yoga is increasingly recognized as a complementary approach to cancer symptom management, patients/survivors and providers need to understand its potential benefits and limitations both during and after treatment. The authors reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga conducted at these points in the cancer continuum (N = 29; n = 13 during treatment, n = 12 post‐treatment, and n = 4 with mixed samples). Findings both during and after treatment demonstrated the efficacy...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:10

Tailored management of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common human sarcoma and can form along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Over the last 20 years, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the biology of GISTs. The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has provided effective medical therapy for the first time. In fact, given that GIST typically is driven by either a KIT or PDGFRA gene mutation, it has become a paradigm of targeted molecular therapy. In addition, diagnostic...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:09

Prevalence of germline variants in inflammatory breast cancer

BackgroundInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon and aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with early disease recurrence and short survival. The prevalence of germline variants in cancer predisposition genes has not been systematically evaluated in women with IBC.MethodsAmong 301 women enrolled in the clinical IBC registry at a single institution between 2010 and 2017, 168 had documented genetic testing. A second cohort of 200 IBC cases who had panel‐based germline testing...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:09

Mutation of chromatin regulators and focal hotspot alterations characterize human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal cancer is a disease clinically and biologically distinct from smoking‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite its rapidly increasing incidence, the mutational landscape of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) remains understudied.MethodsThis article presents the first mutational analysis of the 46 HPV+ OPSCC tumors within the newly expanded cohort of 530 HNSCC tumors from The Cancer Genome...

Cancer

Mon Apr 01, 2019 18:06