Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Predictors of Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Publication date: Available online 31 December 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Author(s): Sareh Zarshenas, Angela Colantonio, Susan D. Horn, Susan Jagla, Nora Cullen

Abstract

Objective

To explore the patterns of cognitive and motor recovery at four time points from admission to nine months post-discharge from IR and to investigate the association of therapeutic factors and pre- and post-discharge conditions with long-term outcomes.

Design

Secondary analysis of traumatic brain injury-practice based evidence (TBI-PBE) dataset.

Settings

Inpatient rehabilitation (IR) in Ontario, Canada.

Participants

A total of 85 patients with TBI consecutively admitted for IR between 2008 and 2011 and had data available from admission to nine months follow-up.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main outcome measure

Functional Independence Measure-Rasch cognitive and motor scores at admission, discharge, three, and nine months post-discharge.

Results

Cognitive and motor recovery showed similar patterns of improvement with recovery up to three months but no significant change from three to nine months. Having fewer post-discharge health conditions was associated with better long-term cognitive scores (95% CI -13.06, -1.2) and added 9.9 % to the explanatory power of the model. More therapy time in complex occupational therapy activities (95% CI .02, .09) and fewer post-discharge health conditions (95% CI -19.5, -3.8) were significant predictors of better long-term motor function and added 14.3% and 7.2% to the explanatory power of the model, respectively.

Conclusion

Results of this study inform health care providers about the influence of the timing of IR on cognitive and motor recovery. In addition, it underlines the importance of making patients and families aware of residual health conditions following discharge from IR.

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