The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients

Objectives: While gluten free diet (GFD) is the only proven therapy for celiac disease (CD), its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is still unclear. Our aim was to determine whether adherence to GFD affects CVD risk factors among newly diagnosed pediatric CD subjects. Methods: We prospectively enrolled pediatric subjects undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for suspected CD. We collected anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to CVD risk factors at the time of CD diagnosis and one year after initiation of a GFD and evaluated changes in CVD risk factors. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used, each when appropriate. Results: One hundred and ten newly diagnosed CD pediatric subjects were included in the analysis. There were 64 (58.2%) females and the mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 ± 3.4 years. Median BMI Z-scores (p = 0.84), rates of underweight or overweight (p = 0.32) and rates of elevated blood pressure (p = 0.78) remained unchanged. While median fasting insulin levels increased (1.9 vs. 5.4 μU/mL, p 

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