Tetralogy of Fallot: Everything You Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of congenital cyanotic heart disease, occurring in approximately 4 to 5 per 10,0000 live births, and represents 7‐10% of all congenital heart defects (1,2). Although TOF is often thought of in terms of the tetrad of anomalies—pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), aorta overriding the ventricular septum, and right ventricular hypertrophy—it has been proposed that all of these features are the result of anterior malalignment of the infundibular septum with the muscular septum (3,4). There are several variants of TOF as well, which manifest other abnormal features and are discussed in the following review.

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