Introduction This study aimed to 1) determine basic physiological demands during a simulated on-snow cross-country skiing (XCS) race when using grip-waxed skis (all classical XCS techniques=CLASSIC), versus glide-waxed skis for exclusive double poling (DP) and 2) analyze in which track sections DP is different from CLASSIC under controlled gliding conditions in elite junior and senior skiers. Methods 19 male and female elite XC skiers performed 1) two randomized simulated XCS races over 5.3 km using DP or CLASSIC measuring section times, VO2, heart rate, blood lactate and RPE, and 2) VO2peak-tests using diagonal stride and DP on treadmill. Results The total group showed no differences in performance or physiological responses between DP and CLASSIC. Elite male skiers achieved improved (~23s, P0.05) and females worse (~43s, P
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