The Effects of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Proprioception in Adults Aged Over 55: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publication date: Available online 18 August 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Author(s): Liye Zou, Jia Han, Chunxiao Li, Albert Yeung, Stanley Sai-chuen Hui, William W.N. Tsang, Zhanbing Ren, Lin Wang

Abstract

Objective

To summarize and critically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55.

Data Sources

Seven databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI) were searched from inception until April 14, 2018.

Study Selection

Eleven randomized controlled trials were included for meta-analysis.

Data Extraction

Two independent reviewers screened potentially relevant studies based on the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of the eligible studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).

Data Synthesis

The pooled effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD) was calculated while the random-effects model was selected. PEDro scores ranged from 5 to 8 points (mean = 6.7). The study results showed that Tai Chi had significantly positive effects on lower limb joint proprioception. Effect sizes were moderate to large, including ankle plantar flexion (SMD = -0.55, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.2, p = 0.002, I² = 0%, N = 162), dorsiflexion (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.39, p < 0.001, I² =0%, N = 162), non-dominant/left knee flexion (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI -1.10 to - 0.41, p< 0.001, I² = 25.1%, N = 266), dominant/right knee-flexion (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI -1.06 to - 0.58, p < 0.001, I² = 33.8%, N = 464).

Conclusions

There is moderate to strong evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention to maintain and improve lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55. More robust multi-center studies including oldest-old participants, with longer follow-ups and validated outcome measures are needed before a definitive conclusion is drawn.

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