Harvesting responses to single pulse electrical stimulation for presurgical evaluation in epilepsy

A Single Pulse Electrical Stimulation (SPES) protocol consists of pulses (repetition rate 0.1 – 1 Hz) of short lasting current stimuli (2-8 mA, pulse width <=1 ms) delivered to adjacent electrodes that are either part of intracranial grids (ECoG) or depth electrodes (SEEG) implanted in epilepsy patients for presurgical evaluation. Early studies using such a protocol aimed at confirming specific functional cortical connections in eloquent cortex by means of what was later called the cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) (Wilson et al., 1990), or influencing cortical excitability in order to evoke (subclinical) habitual seizures (Kahane et al., 1993).

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