Impact of Regular Physical Activity on Adipocytokines and Cardiovascular Characteristics in Spinal Cord–Injured Subjects

Publication date: August 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Volume 99, Issue 8

Author(s): Roberto Schreiber, Cristiane M. Souza, Layde R. Paim, Guilherme de Rossi, José R. Matos-Souza, Anselmo de A. Costa e Silva, Fernando R. Faria, Eliza R. Azevedo, Karina C. Alonso, Andrei C. Sposito, Alberto Cliquet, José I. Gorla, Wilson Nadruz

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the relationship of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and cardiac structure and function with adipocytokines in sedentary (S-SCI) and physically active (PA-SCI) subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Participants

Men with chronic (>1y) SCI (N=41; 16 S-SCI, 25 PA-SCI) were evaluated. S-SCI subjects did not perform labor that required physical effort, recreational physical activity, or sports, while PA-SCI subjects included competing athletes who were regularly performing adapted sports.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical, laboratory, carotid ultrasonography, and echocardiography analysis. Plasma leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activating inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined.

Results

PA-SCI subjects had similar levels of adipocytokines, but lower carotid IMT and carotid IMT/diameter, and better left ventricular diastolic function than S-SCI participants. Bivariate analysis showed that adiponectin was inversely correlated with triglycerides (r=–.85, P<.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=–.57, P<.05), and carotid IMT/diameter (r=–.56, P<.05) in S-SCI but not in PA-SCI participants. Additionally, the leptin-adiponectin ratio showed a direct correlation with triglycerides (r=.84, P<.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=.53, P<.05) in S-SCI but not in PA-SCI individuals. By contrast, the studied adipocytokines did not correlate with cardiac structure and function in PA-SCI and S-SCI participants.

Conclusions

Lower adiponectin levels and higher leptin-adiponectin ratio are related to adverse vascular and/or metabolic characteristics in individuals with SCI. This relationship, however, appears to be mitigated by regular physical activity.

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