Narrative review on the effect of shockwave treatment for management of upper and lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a technology that was first introduced into clinical practice in 1982 for urological conditions. Subsequent clinical applications in musculoskeletal conditions have been described in treatment of plantar fasciopathy, both upper and lower extremity tendinopathies, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, management of non-union fractures, and joint disease including avascular necrosis (AVN). The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of treatment of musculoskeletal conditions with ESWT, accounting for differences in treatment protocol and energy levels.

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