Temporal Changes in Cardiovascular Remodeling Associated with Football Participation

Purpose ASF participation rates in the United States are highest among high school (HS) athletes. This study sought to compare the cardiovascular response to HS versus collegiate ASF participation. Methods ASF participants (HS, N=61; Collegiate, N=87) were studied at pre- and post-season time points with echocardiography and applanation tonometry. Primary outcome variables included: left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV diastolic function (early relaxation velocity [E′]), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]). Results HS (17.1±0.4 years old) and collegiate ASF participants (18±0.4 years old) experienced similar LV hypertrophy (ΔLV mass HS=10.5±10 vs. Collegiate=11.2±13.6 g/m2, P=0.97). Among HS participants, increases in LV mass were associated with stable diastolic tissue velocities (ΔE′=-0.3±2.9 cm/s, P=0.40) and vascular function (ΔPWV=-0.1±0.6 m/s, P = 0.13). In contrast, collegiate participants demonstrated a higher burden of concentric LV hypertrophy (21/87, 24% vs. 7/61, 11%, P=0.026) with concomitant reductions in diastolic tissue velocities (ΔE′: -2.0±2.7 cm/s, P

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