Benefits of 8-Week MBSR or Aerobic Training on Seasonal Declines in Physical Activity

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and aerobic exercise training (AET) programs improve health and wellbeing. Exercise participation has been related to mindfulness and may be altered by MBSR training. PURPOSE Compare 8-weeks of MBSR, AET and no-treatment control during the fall season on objectively-measured physical activity in healthy adults. METHODS Participants (n=66) wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for seven days pre-randomization, and following 8-week MBSR or AET interventions, or neither (control). Mean daily minutes (min) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) were calculated along with weekly time spent in bouts of MVPA ≥10 min (MVPABouts) to assess physical activity sufficient to meet national guidelines. Groups were compared on pairwise changes in outcomes across time. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS Sufficient data (≥3 weekdays, ≥1 weekend day, ≥10 hours/day) were obtained from 49 participants (18 MBSR, 14 AET, 17 control). Daily MVPA decreased in all groups from pre-randomization to post-intervention (Aug-Nov); control decreased 17.9±25.7 min/day, MBSR decreased 5.7±7.5 min/day, and AET decreased 7.4±14.3 min/day (mean±SD), without significant differences among the groups (all p>0.05). MVPABouts decreased 77.3±106.6 min/week in control and 15.5±37.0 min/week in MBSR (between-group difference: p=0.08; d=0.86), while it increased by 5.7±64.1 min/week in AET (compared to control: p=0.029; d=0.97; compared to MBSR; p=0.564; d=0.29). CONCLUSION Data from participants in a randomized controlled trial showed that while AET increases moderate-to-vigorous physical activity bouts compared to no treatment, MBSR training may also mitigate the influence of shorter day length and cooler weather on participation in physical activities. Future research is needed to determine how MBSR affects exercise to inform interventions. Interventions combining MBSR and exercise may be particularly successful at increasing physical activity participation. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Corresponding author: Jacob D. Meyer, Department of Kinesiology, 111E Barbara E Forker Building, 834 Wallace Rd, Ames, IA 50011-1160, jdmeyer3@iastate.edu, Tel: (515) 294-1386 Funding for the MEPARI2 trial came from National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH; R01AT006970). JM was supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA; T32HP10010) during his time on this project while MG was supported by NCCIH (T32AT006956). Bruce Barrett was supported by a mid-career research and mentoring grant from NCCIH (K24AT006543). AEZ's work was supported by the K23AA017508 award from the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. ET was supported by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education Fall Competition Award, the UW Institute for Clinical and Translation Research (ICTR) Scholars Program, and the Clinical and Translational Science Award program through the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000427 & KL2TR000428, PI: Drezner). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov before the first participant was enrolled (NCT01654289). The authors report no conflicts of interest. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

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