Detecting sub-second changes in brain activation patterns during interictal epileptic spike using simultaneous EEG-fMRI

The simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) data and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been shown to be effective for the precise identification of the epileptic focus (van Graan et al., 2015; Kobayashi et al., 2006a, 2006b; Moeller et al., 2013). The intense neuronal activity associated with epileptic spikes generates significant changes in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal (Ogawa et al., 1990) in brain regions where the spikes originate. These regions can be identified using fMRI by correlating BOLD changes with the occurrence of the discharge, which can be determined from the simultaneously recorded EEG data.

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