Cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: unanticipated relocations for unexpected functions

Publication date: Available online 16 November 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Nathaniel Yakobov, Sylvain Debard, Frédéric Fischer, Bruno Senger, Hubert Dominique Becker
AbstractProkaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essentially known for their conventional function of generating the full set of aminoacyl-tRNA species that are needed to incorporate each organism's repertoire of genetically-encoded amino acids during ribosomal translation of messenger RNAs. However, bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs have been shown to exhibit other essential nonconventional functions. Here we review all the subcellular compartments that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs can reach to exert either a conventional or nontranslational role. We describe the physiological and stress conditions, the mechanisms and the signalling pathways that trigger their relocation and the new functions associated with these relocating cytosolic aaRS. Finally, given that these relocating pools of cytosolic aaRSs participate to a wide range of cellular pathways beyond translation, but equally important for cellular homeostasis, we mention some of the pathologies and diseases associated with the dis-regulation or malfunctioning of these nontranslational functions.



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