The aim of this study is to explore the role of abnormal coronary microvasculature morphology and hemodynamics in the development of congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: CHF was induced in rats by aortic banding, followed by ischemia/reperfusion and later aortic debanding. Polymerized casts of coronary vasculature were imaged under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software was used to calculate Capillary Structure Index (CSI), a measure of structural alignment also called Mean Vector Length (MVL), for 93 SEM images of coronary capillaries (CSI-> 1 perfect linearity, CSI-> 0 circular disarray). CSI was incorporated as a constant to represent tortuosity and non-laminar flow in Poiseuille's equation in order to estimate the differences in capillary blood flow rate, velocity, and resistance for CHF versus control. Results: The morphology of congestive heart failure capillaries is significantly disordered and tortuous compared to control (CSI 0.35 ± 0.02 for 61 images from 7 CHF rats, 0.58 ± 0.02 for 32 images from 7 control rats. p<0.01). Estimated capillary resistance in congestive heart failure is elevated by 173% relative to control, while blood flow rate and blood velocity are 56% and 43% slower than control. Capillary resistance increased 67% due to the significantly narrower capillary diameter in congestive heart failure, while it increased an additional 105% due to tortuosity. Conclusions: The significant structural abnormalities of CHF coronary capillaries may drastically stagnatehemodynamics in myocardium and increase resistance to blood flow. This could play a role in the development of CHF.
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